1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 52 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75 000 lives,【C1】_130 000 and left nearly 3. 5 million without food, jobs o
2、r homes.【C2】_overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed【C3】_the region, tended by international aid organizations, military【C4】_and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set【C5】_Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the【C6 】_of spring, the refugees will be moved
3、 again. Camps that【C7】_health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were【C8】_intended to be permanent.For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings【C9】_emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of【C10】_many as 10 people have had to sh
4、elter【C11 】_a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing【C12】_with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,“ officials say. “They are【C13】_of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start【C14】_again. “ But most will be returning to【C15 】_but heaps
5、 of ruins. In many villages, electrical【C16】_have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers【C17】_that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took【C18】_. And for the thousands of survivors, the【C19】_will never be complete.Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be bui
6、lt【C20】_the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.1 【C1 】（A）injured（B） ruined（C） destroyed（D）damaged2 【C2 】（A）Altogether（B） Almost（C） Scarcely（D）Surely3 【C3 】（A）among（B） above（C） amid（D）across4 【C4 】（A）ranks（B） equipment（C） personnel（D）installati
7、ons5 【C5 】（A）out（B） in（C） on（D）forth6 【C6 】（A）falling（B） emergence（C） arrival（D）appearing7 【C7 】（A）strengthened（B） aided（C） transferred（D）provided8 【C8 】（A）never（B） once（C） ever（D）yet9 【C9 】（A）puzzled（B） contrasted（C） doubled（D）mixed10 【C10 】（A）like（B） as（C） so（D）too11 【C11 】（A）by（B） below（C） under（
8、D）with12 【C12 】（A）facilities（B） instruments（C） implements（D）appliances13 【C13 】（A）seeking（B） dreaming（C） longing（D）searching14 【C14 】（A）producing（B） cultivating（C） farming（D）nourishing15 【C15 】（A）anything（B） something（C） everything（D）nothing16 【C16 】（A）lines（B） channels（C） paths（D）currents17 【C17 】（
9、A）account（B） measure（C） estimate（D）evaluate18 【C18 】（A）aside（B） away（C） up（D）out19 【C19 】（A）reservation（B） retreat（C） replacement（D）recovery20 【C20 】（A）from（B） through（C） upon（D）ontoPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 po
10、ints)20 The Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday that it is trying to track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.The focus of the FDA investigation is pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urb
11、ana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: One is a cow gene that increases milk production in the sow. The other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants
12、 or animals actually trigger human illness, but critics warn that potential side effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes, but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they do
13、nt get into the food supply.The FDA, in a quickly arranged news conference Wednesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY, said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker, who in turn sells to processing plants.Both the FDA and the u
14、niversity say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the investigation follows action by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500 000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vacci
15、ne for pigs.Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a burgeoning area of scientific research. “This is a small incident, but its incident like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence, “ says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacture
16、rs of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to whom we export are going to look at this. “The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadnt inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that di
17、d were put back into the study. Those that didnt were sold to the pig broker. “Any pig whos tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market, “says Charles Zukoski, vice chancellor for research.But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the universit
18、ys agreement with the FDA, the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA approval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food.The FDA is respo
19、nsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.21 The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from_.（A）Europe（B） an American research organization（C） a meat processing plant（D）an animal farm22 The purpose of
20、the transgenic engineering research is to_.（A）get pigs of larger size in a shorter time（B） make sows produce more milk（C） make cows produce more milk（D）make pigs grow more lean meat23 The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois_.（A）was criticized by the FDA（B） is in great trouble（C） is r
21、equired by the FDA to call back the sold piglets（D）may have to pay the penalty24 The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets_.（A）may have side effects on consumers（B） may be harmful to consumers（C） are safe to consumers（D）may cause human illness25 It can be inferred from this passage that_.（A）
22、all the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering（B） part of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering（C） none of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering（D）half of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering25 For more than two decades, U. S. courts have been
23、limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity
24、. It has been a divisive issue across the U. S. , as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies
25、 have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs m
26、otive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well“ , says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrol
27、lment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal as
28、sistance to colleges sued for trying them. “ Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says, a forum member.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universitieswhich educate three-quarters of all
29、U. S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.26 U. S. court restrict
30、ions on affirmative action signifies that_.（A）minorities no longer hold the once favored status（B） the quality of American colleges has improved（C） racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice（D）the minority is on an equal footing with the majority27 What has been a divisive issue across the Uni
31、ted States?（A）Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.（B） Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.（C） Whether racism exists in American college admission.（D）Whether racial intolerance should be punished.28 CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more mi
32、nority students because they_.（A）think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education（B） want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation（C） want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers（D）think it their duty to help develop education of the cou
33、ntry29 The major tactic the forum uses is to_.（A）battle the racial preferences in court（B） support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism（C） strive to settle this political debate nationwide（D）find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions30 If the 10% rule is applied, _.（A）the best white h
34、igh school students can get into colleges（B） public universities can get excellent students（C） students from poor rural families can go to colleges（D）good minority students can get into public universities30 The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U. S. economy, accordin
35、g to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues,
36、there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same
37、 period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U. S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age
38、 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work,
39、any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Am
40、ericans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k)and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that
41、 baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardl
42、ess of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65 ; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the e
43、arly retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.31 According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is_.（A）constructive（B） significant（C）
44、 inconclusive（D）detrimental32 The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may（A）do harm to younger generations（B） end up with few or no benefits（C） give play to their potentials（D）shed light on social trends33 The second paragraph is written chiefly
45、to show that_.（A）there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future（B） baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output（C） government policies concerning older people are out-dated（D）older workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits34 When mentioning “the ongoing stock mark
46、et on Wall Street“ , the author_.（A）is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers are entitled（B） is calling for the government to take countermeasures against labor shortage（C） is refuting a notion about experienced workers early retirement（D）is justifying the ineffectiveness of fede
47、ral tax and benefit policies35 Towards the issue, what the author is most concerned about will be_.（A）to advocate radically reforming government policies（B） to take into account the benefits upon retirement（C） to put in practice what Hudson researchers believe in（D）to prolong the practicability of o
48、lder experienced employees35 Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing the
49、ories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited“ at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege Universi
