1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 56 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow , comin
2、g【C1 】_gently , blowing gleefully in a high wind , all the while【C2 】_down a treacherous carpet,freezes the windows,【C3】_the view. The might of automated man is【C4】_. The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go【C5 】_nothing. One minute the road feels【C6】_, and the next
3、the driver is sliding over it, light as a【C7】_, in a panic , wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up【C8】_the rear are going to do. The trucks are like【C9】_when you have to pass them,not at sixty or seventy【C10 】_you do when the road is dry,but at twenty-five and thirty.【C11 】_their engines
4、 sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and【C12】_of ice spray from beneath the wheels,obscure the windshield, and rattle【C13】_your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of【C14】_for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch【C15 】_inch you move up,past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the cab, the
5、 front wheels, all【C16】_too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue, 【C17】_to cut over sharply would send you into a slip,【C18】_in front of the vehicle. At last, there is【C19】_enough, and you creep back over, in front of the truck now, but【C20 】_the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.1
6、 【C1 】（A）up（B） off（C） down（D）on2 【C2 】（A）lies（B） lays（C） settles（D）sends3 【C3 】（A）blocks（B） strikes（C） puffs（D）cancels4 【C4 】（A）muted（B） discovered（C） doubled（D）undervalued5 【C5 】（A）for（B） with（C） into（D）from6 【C6 】（A）comfortable（B） weak（C） risky（D）firm7 【C7 】（A）loaf（B） feather（C） leaf（D）fog8 【C8 】（
7、A）beneath（B） from（C） under（D）beyond9 【C9 】（A）dwarfs（B） giants（C） patients（D）princesses10 【C10 】（A）what（B） since（C） as（D）that11 【C11 】（A）So（B） But（C） Or（D）Then12 【C12 】（A）flakes（B） flocks（C） chips（D）cakes13 【C13 】（A）onto（B） against（C） off（D）along14 【C14 】（A）snow（B） earth（C） room（D）ice15 【C15 】（A）by（B
8、） after（C） for（D）with16 【C16 】（A）climbing（B） crawling（C） winding（D）sliding17 【C17 】（A）meanwhile（B） unless（C） whereas（D）for18 【C18 】（A）sheer（B） mostly（C） rarely（D）right19 【C19 】（A）might（B） distance（C） air（D）power20 【C20 】（A）with（B） like（C） inside（D）uponPart ADirections: Read the following four texts.
9、 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for t
10、he first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still b
11、e tough to find. “ Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you re doing and what your customers are used to, “ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But s
12、ome popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapt-ability, and the abil
13、ity to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “ I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,“ says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes l
14、iterature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,“ says Scheetz.26 Wh
15、at kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?（A）Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.（B） People with an MBA degree from top universities.（C） People with formal schooling plus work experience.（D）People with special training in engineering.27 By saying “. but the impact of a degre
16、e washes out after five years“(Para. 3), the author means_.（A）most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation（B） an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions（C） MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as they are now（D）in five years people will forg
17、et about the degree the MBA graduates have got28 According to Scheetzs statement(Para. 4), companies prefer_.（A）people who have a strategic mind（B） people who are talented in fine arts（C） people who are ambitious and aggressive（D）people who have received training in mechanics29 David Birch claims th
18、at he only hires liberal-arts people because（A）they are more capable of handling changing situations（B） they can stick to established ways of solving problems（C） they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields（D）they have attended special programs in management30 Which of the followin
19、g statements does the author support?（A）Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.（B） Formal schooling is less important than job training.（C） On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.（D）Generalists will outdo specialists in management.30 For hundreds of millions of years,
20、turtles(海龟)have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings(幼龟)down to the water s edge lest they become disoriented by he
21、adlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting sites on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.But Nature
22、is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads(红海龟), which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest
23、, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “ threatened“ to “endangered“meaning the
24、y are in danger of disappearing without additional help.Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land(as egg-laying females, as eggs
25、 and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,“ says Griffin. Trawlers(which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and long-line fishers(which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)ta
26、ke a heavy toll(损失)on turtles.Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by developme
27、nt and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs(恐龙 )will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much
28、affection.31 We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（A）human activities have changed the way turtles survive（B） efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out（C） government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction（D）marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles repr
29、oduction32 What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness“(Line 1 , Para. 2)?（A）Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.（B） Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.（C） The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.（D）The
30、 turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.33 What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?（A）Their inadequate food supply.（B） Unregulated commercial fishing.（C） Their lower reproductive ability.（D）Contamination of sea water.34 How does
31、 global warming affect the survival of turtles?（A）It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.（B） The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.（C） The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.（D）It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach tempera
32、ture.35 The last sentence of the passage is meant to_.（A）persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles（B） stress that even the most ugly species should be protected（C） call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival（D）warn our descendants about the extinction of species35 While
33、 still catching up to men in some fields of modern life, women appear to be far ahead in at least one undesirable aspect. “ Women are particularly liable to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. “ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York s
34、Veteran s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone(荷尔蒙)somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female
35、rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities“ for stress. “It s not necessarily that women dont cope as well. It s just that they hav
36、e so much more to cope with. “ says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s, “ she observes, “ it s just that they re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the se
37、xes. “ I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
38、 situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a l
39、ot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. “ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “ It s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and
40、 pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to
41、diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.36 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（A）Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.（B） Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.（C） Women are more experienced than men in c
42、oping with stress.（D）Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.37 Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women_.（A）need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress（B） have limited capacity for tolerating stress（C） are more capable of avoiding stress（D）are exposed to more stress38 Ac
43、cording to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_.（A）domestic and temporary（B） irregular and violent（C） durable and frequent（D）trivial and random39 The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “(Para. 5)shows that_.（A）Alvarez cared about nothing but making money（B） Alvarez s salary
44、barely covered her household expenses（C） Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs（D）Alvarez paid practically everything by check40 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Strain of Stress: No Way Out?（B） Response to Stress: Gender Difference（C） Stress Analysis; What Chemicals
45、 Say?（D）Gender Inequality; Women Under Stress40 Most people may drink only two liters of water a day, but they consume about 3 000 if the water that goes into their food is taken into account. The rich gulp down far more, since they tend to eat more meat, which takes far more water to produce than g
46、rains. So as the world s population grows and incomes rise, farmers will need a great deal more water to keep everyone fed; 2 000 more cubic kilometers a year by 2030, according to the International Water Management Institute(IWMI). Yet in many farming regions, water is scarce and likely to get scar
47、cer as global warming worsens. The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis, argues Colin Chartres, IWMIs director-general. The solution, Mr. Chartres and others contend, is more efficient use of water or, as the sloganeers put it, “more crop per drop“. Some 1. 2 billion people li
48、ve in places that are short of water. Farming accounts for roughly 70% of human water consumption. So when water starts to run out, farming tends to offer the best potential for thrift. But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consu
49、merseven though the value they create from the water is often less than households or industry would be willing to pay for it. The pressing need is to make water go further. Antoine Frerot, the head of the water division of Veolia Environment, promotes recycling of city wastewater to be used in industry or agriculture. This costs less and cuts pollution. Yet as Mr. Frerot himself concedes, there are many even cheaper ways
