1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 60 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but【C1】_shes worried
2、about what she calls “my rolling mental blackouts. “ “I try to remember something and I just blank out,“ she says.You may【 C2】_about these lapses, calling them “ senior moments “ or blaming “ early Alzheimers(老年痴呆症)“. Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the【C3 】 _you remember? Well, so
3、rt of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age【C4】_problems that are not necessarily age-related.“ When a teenager cant find her keys, she thinks its because shes distracted or disorganized,“ says Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her【C5】_. “ In fact, the 70-year-old may have been【C6】_things for de
4、cades.In healthy people, memory doesnt worsen as【C7】 _as many of us think. “As we【C8 】_, the memory mechanism isnt【C9 】_,“ says psychologist Fergus Craik. “Its just inefficient.The brains processing【C10】_slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly【C11】_Recent research suggests that nerve
5、cells lose efficiency and【C12】_theres less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, “Its not clear that less activity is【C13】_.A beginning athlete is winded(气喘吁吁)more easily than a【C14 】_athlete. In the same way,【C15】_the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.Ther
6、e are【C16】_you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it【C17】_effort. Margaret Sewell says; “Were a quick-fix culture, but you have to【C18】_to keep your brain【C19】_shape. Its like having a good body. You cant go to the gym once a year【C20】_expect to stay in top form.
7、 “1 【C1 】（A）almost（B） seldom（C） already（D）never2 【C2 】（A）joke（B） laugh（C） blame（D）criticize3 【C3 】（A）much（B） little（C） more（D）less4 【C4 】（A）since（B） for（C） by（D）because5 【C5 】（A）memory（B） mind（C） trouble（D）health6 【C6 】（A）disorganizing（B） misplacing（C） putting（D）finding7 【C7 】（A）swiftly（B） frequentl
8、y（C） timely（D）quickly8 【C8 】（A）mature（B） advance（C） age（D）grow9 【C9 】（A）broken（B） poor（C） perfect（D）working10 【C10 】（A）pattern（B） time（C） space（D）information11 【C11 】（A）why（B） how（C） what（D）when12 【C12 】（A）since（B） hence（C） that（D）although13 【C13 】（A）irregular（B） better（C） normal（D）worse14 【C14 】（A）
9、famous（B） senior（C） popular（D）trained15 【C15 】（A）as（B） till（C） though（D）yet16 【C16 】（A）stages（B） steps（C） advantages（D）purposes17 【C17 】（A）makes（B） takes（C） does（D）spends18 【C18 】（A）rest（B） come（C） work（D）study19 【C19 】（A）to（B） for（C） on（D）in20 【C20 】（A）so（B） or（C） and（D）ifPart ADirections: Read the
10、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 When next year s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face : Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost(教务长)of Yale , wholl become Oxf
11、ord s vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, an
12、d like so many businesses, it s gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of C
13、olorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university s budget. “We didn t do any global consideration,“ says Patricia Hayes, the board s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and po
14、litical activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents; fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U. S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universitie
15、s, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In
16、 the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003 , when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale
17、 s financial position. “Of course, fund-raising isn t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fr
18、esh perspective on established practices.21 What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?（A）Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U. S.（B） A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.（C） American universities are enrolling more int
19、ernational students.（D）University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.22 What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?（A）The political correctness.（B） Their ability to raise funds.（C） Their fame in academic circles.（D）Their adminis
20、trative experience.23 What do we learn about European universities from the passage?（A）The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.（B） Their operation is under strict government supervision.（C） They are strengthening their position by globalization.（D）Most of their revenues come from the
21、government.24 Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because_.（A）she was known to be good at raising money（B） she could help strengthen its ties with Yale（C） she knew how to attract students overseas（D）she had boosted Yale s academic status25 In what way do top-
22、level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?（A）They can enhance the universitys image.（B） They will bring with them more international faculty.（C） They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.（D）They can set up new academic disciplines.25 Throughout this long, tens
23、e election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would
24、have the world s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered s
25、ingle mothers who can t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married , alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obam
26、a. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It won t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is k
27、nown about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what
28、 they d like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise(沉着), confiden
29、ce and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that s been around for far too long.26 Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?（A）She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.（B） She will present to the world a new image of African-Ame
30、rican women.（C） She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.（D）She serves as a role model for African women.27 What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?（A）They are victims of family violence.（B） They are of an inferior social group.（C） They use
31、 quite a lot of body language.（D）They live on charity and social welfare.28 What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?（A）Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.（B） How Michelle should behave as a public figure.（C） How proud they are to have a black woman in
32、 the White House.（D）What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.29 What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?（A）However many fans she has, she should remain modest.（B） She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.（C） However hard she tries, she cant ex
33、pect to please everybody.（D）She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.30 What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?（A）Help change the prevailing view about black women.（B） Help her husband in the task of changing America.（C） Outshine previous First Lady.（D）Full
34、y display her fine qualities.30 There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console the
35、mselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends(红利).A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium(额外收益)to skill“or the amount college graduates earned that s greater than what high-school graduates earn
36、eddecreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance(报复)since the 1980s. In 2005 , the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50 900, 62% more than the $31 500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.There s no question th
37、at going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University(tuition, room and board $49 260 in 2007-2008)yield a 40% greater retu
38、rn than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student($ 35 542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student($17 380)there? Not likely.No, in this consumerist age,
39、 most buyers aren t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer productlike a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search
40、 for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences(such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-bio
41、logy program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students(or, more accurately, their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product l
42、ike a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world s hottest consumer trend, maybe it s best to characterize it as a hybrid(混合动力汽车): an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.31 What s the opinion of economists about going to college?（A）Hu
43、ge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.（B） It doesnt pay to run into debt to receive a college education.（C） College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.（D）Going to college doesnt necessarily bring the expected returns.32 The two Harvard economists note in their
44、 study that, for much of the 20th century,_.（A）enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities（B） the labor market preferred high-school graduates to college graduates（C） competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today（D）the gap between the earning
45、s of college and high-school graduates narrowed33 Students who attend an in-state college or university can_.（A）save more on tuition（B） receive a better education（C） take more liberal-arts courses（D）avoid traveling long distances34 In this consumerist age, most parents_.（A）regard college education a
46、s a wise investment（B） place a premium on the prestige of the college（C） think it crucial to send their children to college（D）consider college education a consumer product35 What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?（A）Their employment prospects after graduation.（B） A sati
47、sfying experience within their budgets.（C） Its facilities and learning environment.（D）Its ranking among similar institutions.35 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undou
48、btedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, becau
49、se building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this
