1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 62 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Parenthood isnt a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-
2、child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】_can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】 _theyre young or unmarried.Thats according to a new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】_that motherhood is【C4】 _costly in
3、terms of professional career advancement. “In particular, it is often【C5】_that the only way for young women to【C6】_a challenging career is to remain childless,“ they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market arrives at a somewhat less【C7 】_picture: We do not observe a family gap in research prod
4、uctivity among female academic economists.【C8 】_, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported.The authors in early 2012【C9】_about 10, 000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform,【C10】_the academics answers with their pu
5、blication records. They gauged an economists productivity【 C11】_looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal【C12】_. Among their findings:Mothers of at least two children are,【C13】_, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】_than childles
6、s women. Fathers of【C15】_two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child.Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】_productivity while the children ar
7、e 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average,【C17】_the equivalent of four years of research【C18】_by the time her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a【C19 】_relationship do not have any drop in rese
8、arch productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third【C20】_the same period.1 【C1 】（A）in principle（B） in turn（C） in addition（D）in particular2 【C2 】（A）when（B） if（C） because（D）unless3 【C3 】（A）foundation（B） tradition（C） conviction（D）pheno
9、menon4 【C4 】（A）extremely（B） largely（C） obviously（D）oppositely5 【C5 】（A）insisted（B） argued（C） judged（D）concluded6 【C6 】（A）make（B） choose（C） take（D）engage7 【C7 】（A）ideal（B） desirable（C） dreary（D）agreeable8 【C8 】（A）Therefore（B） Moreover（C） Otherwise（D）However9 【C9 】（A）collected（B） claimed（C） investigat
10、ed（D）surveyed10 【C10 】（A）matching（B） comparing（C） classifying（D）lining11 【C11 】（A）with（B） from（C） by（D）in12 【C12 】（A）size（B） name（C） quantity（D）quality13 【C13 】（A）for example（B） on average（C） in principle（D）above all14 【C14 】（A）productive（B） successful（C） laborious（D）effective15 【C15 】（A）smart（B） na
11、ughty（C） at least（D）at best16 【C16 】（A）increase（B） lower（C） affect（D）promote17 【C17 】（A）loses（B） gains（C） influences（D）changes18 【C18 】（A）papers（B） results（C） work（D）output19 【C19 】（A）flexible（B） stable（C） balanced（D）variable20 【C20 】（A）over（B） for（C） among（D）toPart ADirections: Read the following f
12、our texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 What sort of glass you drink from predicts how fast you drink. “Would you like that in a straight or a jug, sir?“ was once a common response to Britishers request for a pint in a pub. Like the Lilliputians in Gul
13、livers Travels, who argued whether a boiled egg should be opened at the pointed or the rounded end, beer drinkers were adamant that only from their preferred shape of glass did their drinks taste best.Straight-sided glassessometimes with a bulge a little below the liphave largely won the day. Jugs e
14、quipped with handles are now rare. But that is probably because straight glasses are easier for bar staff to collect and stack. The shape of a beer glass does, nevertheless, matter. For a group of researchers at the University of Bristol have shown that it can regulate how quickly someone drinks.Ang
15、ela Attwood and her colleagues asked 160 undergraduates80 women and 80 mento do one of four things: drink beer out of a straight glass; drink beer out of a flutea tall narrow wineglass; or drink lemonade from one of these two sorts of glass. To complicate matters further, some of the glasses were fu
16、ll whereas others were half-full. What Dr. Attwood and her team were really interested in was how quickly the various drinks would be drunk.The answer was that a full straight glass of beer was polished off in 11 minutes, on average. A full flute, by contrast, was finished off in seven, which was al
17、so the amount of time it took to drink a full glass of lemonade, regardless of the type of vessel. If a glass started half-full, however, neither its shape nor its contents mattered. It was drunk in an average of five minutes.Though beer flutes are not common in British pubs, her observation that th
18、e shape of a glass can affect how fast it is drunk from bears investigation. Both health campaigners and breweries would be interested in the results, though they would probably draw opposite conclusions about what is the best-shaped glass in which to serve a bevvy.21 According to the first two para
19、graphs, which of the following is true?（A）Beer drinkers also care about the shape and angle when opening a boiled egg.（B） People prefer to use a glass with a handle when drinking beer.（C） It is hard for jug lovers and their fellow-drinkers to collect jugs.（D）Straight glasses are popular in recent ye
20、ars.22 Judging from the context, the word “stack“(Para. 2)most probably means_.（A）pile（B） store（C） clean（D）preserve23 How long did it take to drink a full flute of lemonade?（A）Four minutes.（B） Five minutes.（C） Seven minutes.（D）Eleven minutes.24 What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（A）The volunteers
21、 spent less time in drinking beer out of a jug.（B） Whether a glass was full or half-full makes no difference to drinking speed.（C） It took the volunteer five minutes to drink wine out of a straight glass.（D）If a glass was full of lemonade, its shape matters.25 Which of the following can best summari
22、ze the main idea of this text?（A）The beer in the best-shaped glass tastes best.（B） What sort of glass can affect the speed of drinking.（C） The shape and the contents of a glass matter.（D）Angela Attwood offers us a research about glasses.25 Bill Gates was 20 years old. Steve Jobs was 21. Warren BufTe
23、tt was 26. Ralph Lauren was 28. Estee Lauder was 29.These now iconic names were all 20-somethings when they started their companies that would throw them, and their enterprises, into some of the biggest successes ever known. Consider this: many of the truly remarkable innovations of the latest gener
24、ationa list that includes Google, Face-book and Twitterwere all founded by people under 30. The number of people in their mid-20s disrupting entire industries, taking on jobs usually reserved for people twice their age and doing it in the glare of millions of social media “followers“ seems to be gro
25、wing very rapidly.So what is it about that youthful decade after those awkward teenage years that inspires such shoot-for-the-moon success? Does age really have something to do with it? It does. Young people bring fresh eyes to confronting problems and challenges that others have given up on. 20-som
26、ething entrepreneurs see no boundaries and see no limits. And they can make change happen. Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal, has another, colder theory that may explain it: Ultimately, its about money.In other words, it s the young people who have nothing to lose, with no mortgage and, frankly,
27、 with nothing to do on a Friday night except work, who are the ones often willing to take the biggest risks. Sure, they are talented. But it s their persistence and zeal, the desire to stay up until 6 a.m. chugging Red Bull, that is the difference between being a salaried employee and an entrepreneu
28、r.That s not to say that most 20-somethings are finding success. Theyre not. The latest crop of ueber-successful young entrepreneurs, designers and authors are far, far from the norm. In truth, unemployment for workers age 16 to 24 is double the national average.One of the biggest challenges facing
29、this next generationand one that may prevent more visionary entrepreneurs from succeedingis the staggering rise in the level of debt college students have been left with. If Peter Thiel s theory is right, it is going to be harder and harder for young people to take big risks because they will be cru
30、shed with obligations before they even begin.If youre over 29 years old and still havent made your world-changing mark, dont despair. Some older people have had big breakthroughs, too. Thomas Edison didnt invent the phonograph until he was 30.26 The first paragraph is used to show_.（A）various famous
31、 men（B） the age of founders（C） the success of enterprises（D）the success of 20-somethings27 Which of the following statements cannot explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?（A）20-something entrepreneurs can drive change.（B） 20-something entrepreneurs have new perspectives.（C） 20-something entr
32、epreneurs do not need to worry about money.（D）20-something entrepreneurs believe there is no obstacle that they cant hurdle.28 All of the following are differences between being salaried employees and entrepreneurs EXCEPT_.（A）their zeal（B） their talent（C） their persistence（D）their desire to stay up2
33、9 The biggest challenge that may stop more visionary entrepreneurs from succeeding is that_.（A）they are confronted with increasing obligations（B） their debts run up alarmingly and very unsteadily（C） they have more mortgage than other college students（D）they have far less wealth than their parents di
34、d at the same age30 With regard to 20-somethings success, we can learn from the text that_.（A）they succeed because of having money（B） older people can hardly make breakthroughs（C） it is uncommon among most young people（D）it is common in the field of information science and technology30 A paper in th
35、e Lancet, shamelessly timed to coincide with the Olympic games, compares countries rates of physical activity. The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is the most complete portrait yet of the worlds busy bees and couch potatoes.It suggests that ne
36、arly a third of adults are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired to create a world in which the flexing of muscles is more and more an option rather
37、than a necessity.But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr. Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. In all, they were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world s population. They considered sufficient physi
38、cal activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, 20 minutes of vigorous exercise three days a week, or some combination of the two. There are common themes in different places.Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are les
39、s active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Iraq and Finland, for example, move more than their male countrymen.Six Americans in ten are sufficiently active by Dr. Hallal s definition
40、, compared with fewer than four in ten Britons. In an accompanying analysis of people s habits, Dr. Hallal found equally wide differences. In South-East Asia fewer than a quarter sit for at least four hours each day; in Europe 64% do. And even neighbors may differ. Only 2% of Swiss walk to work, whe
41、reas 23% of Germans do so. These high rates of inactivity are worrying.Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while eschewing it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it to be beneficial, while
42、over-exercising would use up scarce calories to little advantage. But that no longer pertains. According to another paper in the Lancet, insufficient activity these days has nearly the same effect on life expectancy as smoking.31 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first t
43、wo paragraphs?（A）The paper in the Lancet was published when the Olympic games began.（B） Pedro Hallal did a research about diligent and lazy people around.（C） It is surprising that people find the rates of exercise have dropped.（D）After the industrial revolution, people gradually choose to exercise.3
44、2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Dr. Hallal and his colleagues as part of ways of sufficient physical activity?（A）Do exercise less than an hour everyday.（B） Do moderate exercise 30 minutes, five days a week.（C） Do vigorous exercise 20 minutes, three days a week.（D）A combination of B and
45、C.33 From the findings of the study, we learn that_.（A）people in poor countries are more inactive than those in wealthy ones（B） young people move less than the aged（C） the rates of inactive among women tend to be higher than those of men（D）in Finland, women exercise more than men in the country34 Th
46、e comparison of rates of Swiss and Germans walk to work is used to illustrate_.（A）the wide differences even in neighboring countries（B） the different analyses of people s habits（C） the high rates of inactivity in two countries（D）the worrying about their differences35 It can be inferred from the pass
47、age that the Lancet is a journal on_.（A）evolution（B） medicine（C） economy（D）sports35 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that Americas Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette man
48、ufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity.Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a
49、 record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether.New technologies such as e-cigarettes
