1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 79 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Amazon today unveiled Dash Buttons, an easy way for customers to【C1 】_select bulk goods【C2】_an internet-connected button, and yeste
2、rday【C3】_Home Services, an on-demand installation and handyman service. Combined, they show that the e-commerce giant has a clear understanding of how the Internet-of-things will【C4】_its business. And it isnt going to be shy about capitalizing on connectivity to build its bottom line. Dash Buttons a
3、re an adaptation of Amazon s【 C5】_-controlled Dash ordering system that lets people speak to order new【C6】_items.So【C7】_Amazon has is a retrofit strategy for connecting smart appliances to its e-commerce operations and a future-facing strategy for the coming flood of【C8】_devices. And all of this is
4、geared around making buying products from Amazon as easy as possible. The【C9 】_of one-button tasks are appealing,【C10】_it could lead to a【C11 】_of packages ending up at peoples doors if Amazon doesnt try to【C12 】_waste on its end, by grouping shipments together when possible. People on Twitter seem
5、mostly【C13】_about pets and small children playing with the Dash Buttons and ordering multiples of their Kraft Macaroni and Cheese boxes, although Amazon notes that【C14】_the button is pressed more than once, the order doesn t go【C15】_on the second time, and youll get a smartphone notification about i
6、t.Amazon also recently launched Home Services, following up on last year s opening of a home automation e-store devoted to connected gadgets for the homemany of which require a【C16】_installer. So now Amazon can sell these devices along with the person who can install them. It also is【C17】_on mainten
7、ance, via a network of service providers that it can call【C18】_for its network of suppliers or for its own planned connected home play.With Dash, its【C19 】_an offensive play to【C20】_up more sales as devices come online. With Amazon Home Services, it s making a defensive play as other large companies
8、 try to become more vertically integrated.1 【C1 】（A）choose（B） buy（C） order（D）get2 【C2 】（A）via（B） on（C） around（D）at3 【C3 】（A）published（B） launched（C） announced（D）released4 【C4 】（A）benefit（B） influence（C） harm（D）threaten5 【C5 】（A）numeral（B） sound（C） gesture（D）voice6 【C6 】（A）food（B） grocery（C） digit（D）
9、automation7 【C7 】（A）that（B） which（C） what（D）when8 【C8 】（A）connected（B） personal（C） automatic（D）electronic9 【C9 】（A）uncertainty（B） complexity（C） creativity（D）simplicity10 【C10 】（A）and（B） so（C） although（D）because11 【C11 】（A）pile（B） mess（C） pack（D）group12 【C12 】（A）minimize（B） decrease（C） stop（D）control
10、13 【C13 】（A）careful（B） curious（C） concerned（D）sympathetic14 【C14 】（A）when（B） though（C） unless（D）if15 【C15 】（A）down（B） through（C） off（D）out16 【C16 】（A）professional（B） special（C） specific（D）amateur17 【C17 】（A）attending（B） emphasizing（C） focusing（D）commenting18 【C18 】（A）at（B） for（C） in（D）on19 【C19 】（A）
11、applying（B） making（C） taking（D）getting20 【C20 】（A）rise（B） make（C） ring（D）putPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Women are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, em
12、pathic to our children s needs and intuitive of our partners intentions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, m
13、emory, hearing and observing emotions in others.These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Womens emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under consta
14、nt pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear being called hysterical.The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans ar
15、e on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended. Sales of an tidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and theyve recently been outpaced by an antipsychotic, Abilify, that is the No. 1
16、seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones.At least one in four women in America now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, the
17、se drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they aren t necessary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a me
18、dical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism.Obviously, there are situations where psychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who dont really need these drugs are trying to
19、medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.21 Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men in that women_.（A）are born to be sensitive to envir
20、onments（B） have more brain s capacity for expressing functions（C） have the basic skills to survive（D）are more sensitive to language22 The phrase “mesh with“(Para. 2)probably means_.（A）account for（B） agree with（C） cater for（D）deal with23 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（A）
21、The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage of women s fear.（B） Nowadays, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.（C） Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.（D）Abilify is the best-selling drug in the United States.24 According to the passage
22、, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（A）Doctors in other fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.（B） More and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.（C） This drugs greatly improve women s lives.（D）Women are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.25 It can be
23、inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）psychiatric medications are not important（B） many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychiatric medications（C） many people need psychiatric medications for excitement（D）human beings need some outdoor and social activities25 What if someone came up wit
24、h a new technology product that was hailed as a breakthrough with the potential to rival the smartphone, but then didnt make it available to 85 per cent of possible buyers? That is what Apple is about to do with the launch of its Watch. It will start collecting orders online from Friday and release
25、the device in nine countries in two weeks.For something that carries with it the best hope yet for a new “wearables“ computing platform, the Watch risks being hamstrung. Only a subset of Apple s existing customers will end up owning one. That is because it is yoked to the iPhone(which is used by onl
26、y one in six smartphone owners): Watch gets its connectivity from the iPhone, and the only apps that work on it are extensions of the ones that are carried by Apple s App Store for use on its own mobile devices.Platforms, by contrast, benefit from network effects as other tech companies add compleme
27、ntary products and services, such as apps, which in turn draw more users. Jobs finally bowed to the power of the platform idea with the App Store for Apple s mobile devices. But, according to US management professors David Yoffle and Michael Cusumano, the mix he exhibited is still evident at Apple a
28、nd could result in the tech group squandering a lead in the post-smartphone computing platform.The picture is not black and white. It is probably better to think of the Watch as an extension of an existing tech platform, rather than a product with no platform aspirations at all. It will, after all,
29、run stripped-down apps from third parties. As such, it represents a first, cautious play in a new market where there are likely to be rethinks along the way.The first iterations of these products didnt set the world on fire. Apple sold fewer than 1 million iPods in the first year and only about 6 mi
30、llion iPhones. Watch 1.0 should at least do much better than that. Most analysts are predicting sales of 20-40 million in the first year. But this could still represent a missed opportunity if Apple cedes a dominant market share in wearables to Google s Android, as. it has in smartphones.26 What pro
31、blem is Apple Watch about to deal with?（A）It cant surpass the previous classical products.（B） It can t be obtained by many potential customers.（C） It can only be got by online.（D）It can only be sold in nine countries.27 Apple Watch risks being hamstrung because it_.（A）is binded to the iPhone（B） has
32、been given high expectations（C） needs to get its connectivity to the mobile phone（D）can be only obtained from Apple s App store28 According to David Yoffie and Michael Cusumano,_.（A）Jobs doesnt accept the power of the platform idea（B） Jobs complicated attitude has no influence on his company（C） Appl
33、e may lose its leading position in the post-smartphone computing platform（D）Jobs doesn t think platforms can benefit from network effects29 The first sentence “The picture is not black and white“ in Paragraph 4 means_.（A）the picture is colorful（B） the situation is obvious（C） right and wrong is obvio
34、us（D）the thing is not absolute30 It can be concluded from the last paragraph that_.（A）Apple Watch can t attract many people（B） Apple Watch wont sell well（C） its hard for analysts to estimate the sales volume of Apple Watch（D）Apple should learn a lesson from what it has done in smartphone market30 La
35、st week I had lunch with a man who used to be one of the most senior bankers in the UK. The trouble with business today, he complained over coffee, was that there was no common sense any more. Such sense, he insisted, had always been uncommonbut now was extinct.The reason common sense is squashed in
36、 this way is insecurity. Most people in business live in fear of being found out, and sounding clever seems a safer bet than being understood. As more people try to sound clever, the standard gets tougher, and before long formerly sensible people start talking absolute rot. Recently I read an interv
37、iew with a senior manager at Amazon in which he explained the secret to his hiring success: “Your bar raiser should also run the debrief after every hiring loop.“The next enemy of common sense is self-importance, which not only makes business people lose the plot at work, but at home too. On LinkedI
38、n the other day a former chief operating officer of eBay boasted that he was so busy he bought a house without even looking at it properly, and that his wife once delivered clean underwear to the office after he had worked all night. A five-year old could have told him that this is no way to live, a
39、nd that if you are caught without clean underpants, or end up buying a house having hardly looked at it, it is better to keep quiet.Human weakness is not the only destroyer of common sense; the corporate machine does so equally powerfully. Departments such as HR and PR routinely eliminate any lurkin
40、g pools of rationality, while interdepartmental rivalries, budgets and regulations of any kind all tend to ensure that few things are ever done sensibly.The only way of safeguarding common sense in business is to grow your own, and become an entrepreneur. A couple of months ago I helped judge a comp
41、etition for new businesses. One of the winners made charging points for electric cars; another had developed a sort of Netflix for magazines. Both were good ideas, with good business plans and founders who spoke lucidly about what they were doing. I dont know if either will succeed. But I do know th
42、at if they do, their good sense will be under attack.31 The common sense is squashed because_.（A）the common sense has been extincted（B） most people in business lack security（C） most people in business want to be smarter（D）the interview is becoming increasingly stricter32 The case of “a former chief
43、operating officer of eBay“ demonstrated that self-importance will make people_.（A）lose their senses（B） love to boast（C） waste money（D）wear unclean underpants33 It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that_.（A）human weakness is the only factor to destroy common sense（B） the corporate machine is also an im
44、portant destroyer of commom sense（C） HR and PR are key departments to protect rationality（D）the proper interdepartmental rivalries is good for the company34 The right way to safeguard common sense in business is to_.（A）develop oneself in a company（B） work hard to be a great businessman（C） start one
45、s own business（D）have enough inventive ideas35 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The importance of common sense.（B） How to develop the common sense of the company?（C） The common sense is extincting in business.（D）Why is common sense destroyed in business?35 Psychologists have known for a century t
46、hat individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were s
47、elected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning.Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its ge
48、nerality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task
49、did well on the others, too, In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others.We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how
