1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 83 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 As I type these lines, my daughter, Harriet, who is 14, is on her iPhone skipping among no fewer than eight social media sites. My
2、son, Penn, who is 15, will be asleep for hours yet. He was【C1】_all night with a friend playing two video games, in a jag fueled by his favorite foodlike【C2 】_.I like that my kids are comfortable and alert in the wired world. But increasingly I am【C3】_for them. Its more【C4】_every day that screens hav
3、e gradually stolen them from themselves. My wife, Cree, and I have【C5】_them to drift quite distantly into the online world, and we fear our casualness has been a【C6】_.Each summer Cree and I resolve to【C7】_things back. This is【C8】_we draft rules for a new school year, strictures like: no laptops in b
4、edrooms during the week; homework before screen time; no electronics after 10 p.m These rules invariably begin to【C9 】_by Day 3. By Day 4, there is pleading, and the discreet slamming of doors. By Day 8, no one is sure what the【C10】_are anymore. Were back where we started, and plump with fear.This y
5、ear it【C11】_to me we needed help. So I sat down with a new book that【C12】_assistance, and understanding. It is The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age, whose primary【C13】_, Catherine Steiner-Adair, is a clinical psychologist who teaches at Harvard Medical
6、 School. Her book is【C14 】_on thousands of interviews, and it can be eloquent about the need to ration our children s computer time. Here the author has pinned me. I like to think I m a good father, perhaps even casually【C15】_in my better moments,【C16】_there is zero doubt that, without my iPhone in
7、my palm, I feel I lose something since Im fairly【C17】_. I must change my life a bit.Cree and I are still hammering out our kids computer rules. We are trying to【C18 】_in mind that we re not our kids best friends; we re their【 C19】_. And we are【C20】_if theres an app for fortitude.1 【C1 】（A）out（B） awa
8、ken（C） away（D）up2 【C2 】（A）objects（B） substances（C） things（D）materials3 【C3 】（A）disappointed（B） satisfied（C） terrified（D）worried4 【C4 】（A）common（B） serious（C） negative（D）apparent5 【C5 】（A）stopped（B） allowed（C） suggested（D）admitted6 【C6 】（A）habit（B） failure（C） fortune（D）disaster7 【C7 】（A）rein（B） pay（C
9、） return（D）keep8 【C8 】（A）when（B） what（C） where（D）because9 【C9 】（A）work（B） pause（C） cease（D）crack10 【C10 】（A）electronics（B） punishments（C） rules（D）concerns11 【C11 】（A）occurred（B） took（C） left（D）seemed12 【C12 】（A）applies（B） relates（C） offers（D）features13 【C13 】（A）character（B） author（C） partner（D）edito
10、r14 【C14 】（A）written（B） identified（C） based（D）put15 【C15 】（A）inferior（B） superb（C） nice（D）playful16 【C16 】（A）and（B） besides（C） but（D）as17 【C17 】（A）confused（B） regretable（C） lonely（D）obsessive18 【C18 】（A）put（B） remember（C） stay（D）keep19 【C19 】（A）relatives（B） parents（C） companions（D）enemies20 【C20 】（A
11、）wondering（B） thinking（C） guessing（D）hopingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Some chief executives say they are unplugging as best they can, when they can. Baratunde Thurston, CEO of humor company Cultivated
12、Wit, braved a 25-day Internet detox last year and now settles for what he calls “micro-disconnecting“. For example, not checking Twitter at a meeting. And Spencer Rascoff, the CEO of online real estate center Zillow, turns off his company email for a 24-hour stretch every week.Internet sabbaticals i
13、s popular recently, but those at the helm of companies arent usually able to completely cut the wire. Still, many CEOs say they want to find a balance, suspecting it might actually help their work.“I am constantly thinking about Zillow, even when Im sleeping,“ Mr. Rascoff says. “Without technology,
14、I can think about it more thoughtfully without interruptions.“ Leslie Perlow, a Harvard Business School professor, says time away from technology can make people more creative, innovative and productive. “Everybody is bombarded all the time these days,“ she says. “The more senior you are, the more y
15、ou perceive, there s nobody but me.“Jim Moffatt, CEO of Deloitte Consulting LLP, finds that occasionally turning out helps him cut through the “fog“ and “clutter“ of the day-to-day grind, making it easier to solve big problems. While “recharging“ on a recent summer vacation he caught a movie with hi
16、s 14 year-old son. As the credits rolled, he had an epiphany about who the elusive, missing employee should be for a team he was putting together. During fireworks this past Fourth of July, he mapped out global strategy in his head.Recent research from the University of Glasgow and UK-based Modeuro
17、Consulting showed that executive email habits can be contagious; when the leadership team at a London-based power company decreased their email output, employees followed suit.Mr. Moffatt says one of the reasons he s so public about his unplugging is to show his employees that it is important to hav
18、e a life outside of work. Plus, his occasional absences give colleagues the chance to exercise more power. “It sends a pretty strong signal to your team: I don t have to be there all the time,“ he says.Handing over the reins does occasionally come with growing pains. Mr. Thurston of Cultivated Wit e
19、schewed everything from work email to Facebook to Instagram last December and found it to be a “humbling“ experience.21 The author mentions Baratunde Thurston and Spencer Rascoff to show that_.（A）some chief executives are favorable to be alone（B） micro-disconnecting is a hard time for executives（C）
20、Internet detox enjoys its popularity recently（D）CEOs are able to completely cut the wire22 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 3-4?（A）Without technology, Mr. Rascoff thinks more thoughtfully.（B） Without technology, Leslie Perlow thinks people work more efficiently.（C） Jim Moff
21、att finds occasionally unplugging helps him easier to solve problems.（D）Jim Moffatt s case shows time away from work helps make global strategies.23 The reasons that Mr. Moffatt is public about his unplugging exclude_.（A）it can offer an opportunity to test the loyalty of his employees（B） it is vital
22、 to show his employees having a life out of work（C） employees are offered opportunities to exercise more power（D）it can send a message that sometimes he can be absent24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）it s difficult for Mr. Thurston to turn off Internet（B） Facebook and Instagram
23、are indispensable tools in work（C） it s painful sometimes to delegate power（D）keeping away from Internet makes people humble25 The most appropriate title for this text could be_.（A）The Reflections of CEOs（B） At Work: Unplugging Can Help（C） Unplugging Encourages to Think Independently（D）Stay Away fro
24、m High Technology25 Much of continental Europe is in poor shape. True, the aggregate wealth of people is little changed and the social capital in museums, parks and other amenities is still intact. Yet, in the western part, the economy is failing society. Inclusion of ethnic minorities and youth in
25、the economy is more lacking than ever. Among those who do participate, fewer are prospering. It is a measure of the decline that, in almost every country, the growth of wage rates has steadily slowed since 1995. What has gone wrong?European economists speak of a loss of competitiveness in southern E
26、urope. They suggest that output and employment are down, relative to the past trend, because wages leapt ahead of productivity, making labour too expensive and forcing employers to cut back. Taking this perspective, some German economists argue that wages need to fall in the affected economies. Othe
27、rs argue instead for monetary stimulusfor instance, asset purchases by central banksto raise prices and make current wage rates affordable.Economists of a classical bent lay a large part of the decline of employment, and thus lagging output, to a contraction of labour supply. And they lay that contr
28、action largely to outbreaks of fiscal profligacyas happened in Europe from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Disciples of Keynes, who focus on aggregate demand, view any increase in household wealth as raising employment because they say it adds to consumer demand. They say Europe needs a lot more fis
29、cal “profligacy“ if it is to bring unemployment down. Some evidence favours the classics.Yet both sides of this debate miss the critical force at work. The main cause of Europe s deep fallthe losses of inclusion, job satisfaction and wage growthis the devastating slowdown of productivity that began
30、in the late 1990s and struck large swathes of the continent. It holds down the growth of wages rates and it depresses employment.That slowdown resulted from narrowing innovation. Even in the postwar years, innovation in Europe was feeble by past standards. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, m
31、uch of Europe is still suffering a slump on top of its post-1990s fall. The slump will pass but the fall will not be easily overcome. The continent is losing its best talent. It needs to fight for an economic life worth living.26 That the growth of wage rates has steadily slowed indicates that_.（A）l
32、ess and less ethnic minorities and youth participate in the economy（B） the economy in Europe is on the decline（C） the wages in Europe are low（D）the prospering participants in the economy are declining27 In European economists opinion, southern Europe lose competitiveness because_.（A）the output and e
33、mployment are losing balance（B） the wages in affected economies are too low（C） the increase of wages goes beyond that of productivity（D）monetary stimulus can t make current wage rates affordable28 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（A）The outbreaks of fiscal profligacy are r
34、egarded as the cause of labour-supplys contraction.（B） Disciples of Keynes attach more importance to aggregate demand.（C） More fiscal “profligacy“ is helpful to bring unemployment down.（D）There is no evidence to support the opinions of classics.29 The critical factor of Europe s deep fall neglected
35、by both sides of the debate is_.（A）the rapid slowdown of productivity（B） the decline of wage growth（C） the depression of employment（D）the decrease of job satisfaction30 What is the passage mainly about?（A）Economists opinions on the decline of Europe.（B） Narrowing innovation: responsible for the decl
36、ine of Europe.（C） The development trend of European countries.（D）The troubles of European countries.30 There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent rea
37、ding; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day.The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were v
38、ery young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth.“A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,“ said Maggie McG
39、uire, the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the report, 41 percent of frequent readers ages 6 to 10 were read aloud to at home, while only 13 percent of infr
40、equent readers were being read to.Of course, children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots of books and parents who like to read. So while parents who read to their children later in elementary school may encourage those children to become frequent readers on their own, su
41、ch behavior can also result from “a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families,“ said Timothy Shanahan, a past president of the International Reading Association.There is not yet strong research that connects reading aloud at older ages to improved reading comprehension. But
42、some literacy experts said that when parents or teachers read aloud to children even after they can read themselves, the children can hear more complex words or stories than they might tackle themselves.“Its this idea of marinating children in higher-level vocabulary,“ said Pam Allyn, founder of Lit
43、World.Org, a nonprofit group that works to increase literacy among young people. “The read-aloud can really lift the child.“ Other literacy experts say the real value of reading to children is helping to develop background knowledge in all kinds of topics as well as exposure to sophisticated languag
44、e.31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）the younger children and the older children have the same reading patterns（B） for the younger children, being read aloud regularly is good to their school days（C） for the older children, having time to read independently is very important（D）f
45、or the older children, having restricted online time is good to develop reading habits32 The phrase “tapered off“(Para. 2)probably means_.（A）stopped halfway（B） declined gradually（C） turned off（D）read occasionally33 The author mentions “ the report“ in Paragraph 3 to show that_.（A）reading aloud throu
46、gh elementary school is related to children s reading habits（B） Maggie McGuire s viewpoint is wrong（C） many parents think that children read independently is the best thing（D）there is little difference between frequent readers and infrequent readers34 Which of the following is NOT true according to
47、Paragraphs 4-5?（A）Children who like to read are usually influenced by parents.（B） The family atmosphere is crucial to children s reading behavior.（C） No obvious evidence proves reading aloud at older ages can strengthen reading comprehension.（D）Some literacy experts believe there is no significance
48、to read aloud for older children.35 Pam Allyn argues that the advantage of read-aloud is that_.（A）it can enlarge children s vocabulary（B） it can really improve children s reading ability（C） it s helpful to enrich children s knowledge（D）it s beneficial for children to understand sophisticated languag
49、e35 Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performance. This debate swings back and forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hintsmore tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their bestat where the
