1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 89 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 At the very end of 2013 , as other newspapers warned of a terrible flood of migrants, The Economist invited Bulgarians and Romanian
2、s to come and work in Britain. So we are【 C1】_to report that, since working restrictions imposed when the two countries【C2】_the EU were lifted on January 1st, rather few seem to have【C3】_our offer. Official figures published on May 14th【C4】_that the number of Romanian-and Bulgarian-born people worki
3、ng in Britain【C5】_fell between December and March, from 144,000 to 140,000.The figure is an estimate【C6 】_a large survey and is not certain, says Carlos Vargas-Silva, of the Migration Observatory at Oxford University.【C7】_it does at least suggest there has been no spectacular【C8】_of migrants. That f
4、its with more evidence. On January 1st a group of journalists gamely conquered their hangovers and flocked to Luton Airport to【C9】_new arrivals. They found【C10】_a handful.The number of Bulgarians and Romanians moving to Britain was always likely to undershoot【 C11】_Partly this is【C12】_forecasts were
5、 so inflated: media outlets and politicians reported the combined population of the two【C13】_every single citizen would【C14】_sticks and come to Britain. But mostly it is because, as Ion Jinga, Romanias ambassador to Britain,【C15】_, by January most of the Romanians and Bulgarians who wanted to move h
6、ad already done so.Between 2007, when Romania and Bulgaria joined the European Union, and March, the number of people from those countries【C16】_in Britain increased five-fold. Even before labour-market controls were lifted, skilled migrants were able to get work permits【C17】_unskilled ones could be【
7、C18】_Data from the Labour Force Survey analysed in February found that 59% of Romanian and Bulgarians in Britain were self-employed at the end of last year, compared with 14% of the British-born【 C19】_Men have had no trouble【C20】 _grey-market jobs on building sites, suggests Mr. Vargas-Silva.1 【C1 】
8、（A）glad（B） sad（C） calm（D）excited2 【C2 】（A）joined（B） joined in（C） entered for（D）accessed3 【C3 】（A）taken away（B） taken for（C） taken up（D）taken off4 【C4 】（A）imply（B） suggest（C） propose（D）protest5 【C5 】（A）definitely（B） really（C） absolutely（D）actually6 【C6 】（A）relied on（B） rooted in（C） based on（D）stemmed
9、 from7 【C7 】（A）But（B） And（C） So（D）As8 【C8 】（A）decay（B） hover（C） merge（D）surge9 【C9 】（A）review（B） interview（C） inspect（D）introspect10 【C10 】（A）barely（B） hardly（C） mostly（D）partly11 【C11 】（A）targets（B） perspectives（C） expectations（D）hopes12 【C12 】（A）if（B） unless（C） lest（D）because13 【C13 】（A）as though（
10、B） even though（C） only if（D）if only14 【C14 】（A）down（B） up（C） of（D）for15 【C15 】（A）puts out（B） turns out（C） points out（D）comes out16 【C16 】（A）living（B） studying（C） travelling（D）working17 【C17 】（A）when（B） while（C） since（D）though18 【C18 】（A）self-employed（B） unemployed（C） unoccupied（D）self-helped19 【C19
11、】（A）peoples（B） corporation（C） population（D）characters20 【C20 】（A）requiring（B） inquiring（C） consulting（D）gettingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 “ It cant be that every annual salary negotiation makes it a st
12、rain just to begin the school year,“ said President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner during a speech to Congress on March 1st. Yes it can.Strikes this week delayed the start of classes in 19 of Argentinas 24 districts, after provincial unions and governments failed to reach agreements about wage rises
13、. Negotiations between the national government and federal unions, which are meant to set a minimum benchmark for the provinces, also foundered. With some unions demanding more than 40% hikes, the national government and Buenos Airess provincial government, the most influential negotiators, offered
14、increases of just 22% and 25.5% this year respectively. The unions called the proposals “a provocation“.Tension had been expected. The teachers unions want salary rises above Argentinas galloping inflation rate. Since the start of the year the government has devalued the Argentine peso by over 20%,
15、causing inflation expectations to spike. According to Eduardo Levy Yeyati of Elypsis, a consultancy, prices are expected to jump by 32% this year. And now that the government has started publishing more realistic data, it cannot simply pretend the problem of rising prices does not exist.The teachers
16、 unions have a strong hand. In December provincial police squeezed 35%- 100% pay increases out of their employers. Public-sector employees are not fearful of losing their jobs. Strikes give unions the power to cause widespread chaos.But the government cannot afford to concede too much ground. The ne
17、gotiations with the teachers will set a precedent for salary talks with other unions scheduled for later this month and April. To ensure that inflation does not continue to accelerate, the authorities need to curb real wages. Budgetary considerations also play their part. According to Economia & Reg
18、iones, a research group, if the provinces were to grant 30% raises to their 2m employees, that would double their collective fiscal deficit.That may nonetheless be what happens. In the five jurisdictions that were able to reach accords , the teachers and the provinces agreed to increases of around 3
19、0%. That wouldnt do much to bring down inflation, but it would at least help keep it from skyrocketing. And it would mean the school year can begin.21 According to Paragraph 2, people went on strike because _.（A）the government refused to raise their salary（B） local unions demand of wage rise was not
20、 met（C） unions and schools could not reach agreements（D）the nation could not set a standard for the provinces22 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?（A）The teachers unions want a wage rise of 20%.（B） Argentinas prices of commodities are rising fast.（C） The same peso may not a
21、fford the same goods this year.（D）The relation between the government and the unions is tense.23 The government cannot compromise too much to the teachers unions because _.（A）the negotiations are ineffective（B） the strike is actually under control（C） it will set an example for other unions（D）the tea
22、chers unions will demand more24 It can be concluded from the last two paragraphs that_.（A）wage rises may lead to financial issues（B） 30% raises will not influence the finance（C） most teachers are not satisfied with the result（D）the raises will make peoples life totally different25 The underlined wor
23、d“skyrocketing“(Line 3, Para. 6)most probably means _.（A）flying（B） shaking（C） declining（D）surging25 Military drones already fly frequent missions and civilian operations using unmanned aircraft are coming. Drivcrlcss cars are clocking up thousands of test miles. So why not let remote-controlled ship
24、s set sail without a crew? Indeed, the maritime industry has started to think about what would be required to launch a latter-day Marie Celeste.Ships, like aircraft and cars, are increasingly controlled by electronic systems, which makes automation easier. The bridges of some modern vessels are now
25、more likely to contain computer screens and joysticks than engine telegraphs and a giant ships wheel. The latest supply ships serving the offshore oil and gas industry in the North Sea, for instance, use dynamic positioning systems which collect data from satellites, gyrocompasses, and wind and moti
26、on sensors to automatically hold their position when transferring cargo to and from platforms, even in the heaviest of swells.However, as is also the case with pilotless aircraft and driverless cars, it is not so much a technological challenge that has to be overcome before autonomous ships can set
27、sail, but regulatory and safety concerns. As in the air and on the road, robust control systems will be needed to conform to existing regulations.The maritime industry is interested in crewless ships for two reasons. The first is safety. Most accidents at sea are the result of human error, just as t
28、hey are in cars and planes. So, if human operators are replaced by sophisticated sensors and computer systems, autonomous vessels should, in theory, make shipping safer.The second reason is, of course, cost. It is becoming increasingly difficult to sign up competent crew prepared to spend months awa
29、y at sea. Moreover, some voyages are likely to get even longer for ships carrying non-urgent cargo. By some accounts, a 30% reduction in speed by a bulk carrier can save around 50% in fuel. This means slower steaming could provide big savings in fuel costs, but it would be at the expense of increase
30、d expenditure on crew for these longer voyages, both in wages and for the “hotel“ facilities required on board. Removing the crew, though, also removes the need for their accommodation and its associated equipment, like heating and plumbing. And that provides room to carry more cargo.26 In the first
31、 paragraph, unmanned aircraft is mentioned to_.（A）serve as the topic of this text（B） introduce the topic of driverless cars（C） show the development of high-tech（D）introduce the topic of crewless ships27 The biggest challenges for autonomous ships are_.（A）technological problems（B） stable controlling
32、systems（C） rules and security concerns（D）regulations and technologies28 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.（A）ships without crew will soon replace traditional ones（B） most air crashes are caused by operational mistakes（C） erewless ships are favoured just because of safety（D）human hands are more rel
33、iable than computers29 Ships with crew are more costly mainly because of_.（A）pay and accommodation for sailors（B） hotel facilities needed on board（C） expenditure on more fuels（D）heating and plumbing30 The most appropriate title for the text is _.（A）AutomationNo More Surprising（B） Crewless ShipsReady
34、 to Set Sail?（C） AutomationSymbol of the Future（D）Crewless ShipsA New Challenge30 The past five years have been a bad time to be a taxpayer in Europe. Across the continent, governments have relied heavily on tax rises to cut budget deficits, increasing the total burden by almost 5% of GDP in France
35、and Greece. But rather than raise taxes any further, many countries are starting to cut them. The European Commission reckons that the euro zones tax-to-GDP ratio stabilised in 2013 and is now falling.In January France announced plans to cut payroll taxes by 30 billion. This month Italy unveiled inc
36、ome-tax cuts worth 10 billion for those earning less than 25,000 a year. This week Britain proposed tax cuts for most people on low or medium incomes. Ireland and Spain are also planning tax cuts later this year.Lower taxes may be popular, but how are such giveaways being financed? Few countries hav
37、e the scope to borrow much more. The commission has criticised France and Spain for repeatedly missing their deficit-reduction targets, though it is not taking action against them. Italys high level of public debt, which hit 133% of GDP in 2013, has also landed it on the commissions fiscal “watch li
38、st“.Instead, most countries plan to pay for their tax proposals with public-spending cuts. Italy says it will reduce spending by an extra 7 billion this year and save a further 2. 2 billion thanks to lower yields on its debtthough these figures may prove optimistic.The politicians hope that lower ta
39、xes will boost growth. As euro-zone countries cannot devalue or lower their own interest rates, tax cuts are one of the few ways of trimming business costs fast, says Guillaume Menuet at Citigroup. France and Italy both hope to improve their competitiveness by reducing the tax “wedge“ between employ
40、ers costs and what workers actually take home. In 2012 this tax take reached nearly 50% of the payroll bill in France and Italy, against an OECD average of just 36%.Some economists doubt that cutting income tax, Italys approach, is the best way forward. Instead, they favour slashing Europes high emp
41、loyer-paid social security charges, as France proposes to do. This would directly lower labour costs, encouraging companies to hire extra workers as well as to increase their investment. That would also give a welcome boost to growth.31 In the past half decade, Europeans have suffered from_.（A）low i
42、ncome（B） budget deficit（C） heavy revenue（D）family burden32 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that_.（A）all domestic taxes will be cut in France soon（B） tax cut may be a good news to some Britons（C） most people in Italy benefit from the tax cut（D）low-income people neednt pay tax in Ireland3
43、3 France and Spain have been blamed for_.（A）borrowing too much debt（B） failing to pay the loans back（C） planning to cut domestic taxes（D）being unable to reduce their deficit34 According to the last paragraph, some economists_.（A）prefer Italys approach to Frances（B） favour slashing employers salaries
44、（C） agree to reduce the costs of employees（D）reckon that cutting tax is the only way35 The authors attitude towards Frances proposal seems to be _.（A）favourable（B） pessimistic（C） doubtful（D）biased35 To the people of Europe, cuckoos are harbingers of spring. To European birds, though, the cuckoos cal
45、l is less welcomefor cuckoos, notoriously, are parasites of others nests. They lay their eggs in them and leave the hapless foster-parents to do the hard work of bringing up baby.But are those parents always so hapless? How the cuckoo gets away with it has been the subject of much speculation, and s
46、ome biologists think that, at least some of the time, cuckoos may bring subtle benefits which help offset the undoubted costs they impose. And, as a paper just published in Science outlines, for one sort of cuckoo and one sort of surrogate parent, that does appear to be the case.Daniela Canestrari o
47、f Oviedo University, in Spain, and her colleagues looked at relations between great spotted cuckoos and carrion crows. Unlike some nest parasites, great spotted cuckoos do not evict the eggs or young of their hosts. They do, however, compete with them for food. The result is that crows which raise b
48、oth their own and young cuckoos to the point when they can fly fledge fewer of their own chicks than do crows which fledge a clutch without cuckoos. This suggests, as might be expected, that cuckoos are a bad thing.Dr. Canestrari, however, decided to look a little deeper. She suspected that though t
49、heir fledged clutches were smaller, crows with cuckoos in the nest were more likely to fledge at least some young than were unparasitised crows. That might be enough to compensate for the lower number of fledgling per nest.Her idea was that cuckoo nestlings engage in a form of chemical warfare with predators. They certainly secrete a noxious mixture of chemicals. This suggests thes
