1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 91 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in
2、 and 【 C1】_ itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 【C2】_ mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the 【C3】_ act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available.Even when you arent feeling happy, smile can help【C4】_your mood. Da
3、rwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 【C5】_ expressions can influence our【C6】_experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 【C7 】_ Darwin s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them.Smilin
4、g more may actually【C8】_your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 【C9 】_ heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】_smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】_years to your life.People who smile more tend to b
5、e more 【C12 】_, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】_. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the【C14】_likely divorce was l
6、ater in life.【C15】_, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced.When Mother Teresa said “Every time you smile at someone, it is . a【C16】_to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study【 C17】 _by Hewlett Packard found that seeing anothers smil
7、e stimulated the heart and【C18】_more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19 】_viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimi
8、cry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20 】_when someone else is smiling.1 【C1 】（A）on（B） with（C） by（D）of2 【C2 】（A）impressed（B） improved（C） important（D）imposed3 【C3 】（A）pure（B） easy（C） simple（D）brief4 【C4 】（A）sack（B） shift（C） sl
9、ip（D）switch5 【C5 】（A）facial（B） superficial（C） external（D）inner6 【C6 】（A）inward（B） outward（C） emotional（D）explicit7 【C7 】（A）formalized（B） declared（C） implemented（D）validated8 【C8 】（A）execute（B） expand（C） examine（D）expect9 【C9 】（A）accelerating（B） decreasing（C） facilitating（D）increasing10 【C10 】（A）lead
10、ing（B） adding（C） contributing（D）resorting11 【C11 】（A）a little（B） little（C） few（D）a few12 【C12 】（A）optimistic（B） dispassionate（C） severe（D）cautious13 【C13 】（A）career（B） lifespan（C） marriage（D）friendship14 【C14 】（A）more（B） worse（C） less（D）better15 【C15 】（A）Consequently（B） Moreover（C） Conversely（D）Othe
11、rwise16 【C16 】（A）gift（B） regard（C） wish（D）grace17 【C17 】（A）discovered（B） converted（C） prepared（D）conducted18 【C18 】（A）stomach（B） brain（C） mindset（D）desire19 【C19 】（A）yet（B） when（C） though（D）unless20 【C20 】（A）sneer（B） blink（C） frown（D）breathePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the
12、 questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poo
13、r countries by reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year.Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims h
14、as crumbled. Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM)corn. Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argumen
15、t against GM crops one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM maize.There
16、is now no serious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050
17、. This will require doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear.If the Green revolution had never happene
18、d, and yields had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to disea
19、ses and pests, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming, such as grains that fix their own nitrogen.Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to preve
20、nt smallpox inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of obscurantism and unscientific belief.21 The phrase “contributes to“(Para. 1)probably means_.（A）brings to（B） leads to（C） results from（D）introduces into22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the actions of environmentalist
21、s are reasonable（B） many studies have found the bad effects of GM crops（C） the study has aroused fierce arguments about GM crops（D）the French bans all GM crops23 In 2050, one of the biggest challenges of mankind is_.（A）to provide food for at least 9 billion people（B） to develop more cultivable land（
22、C） to produce treble food on roughly the same area of land（D）to prevent droughts and floods24 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（A）GM crops boost the output.（B） GM crops are helpful to the wild habitat.（C） GM crops are more resistant to various disasters（D）GM crops could va
23、stly increase the productivity of farming.25 What is the authors attitude toward genetically modified crops?（A）Critical.（B） Supportive.（C） Disinterested.（D）Ambiguous.25 What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that people with student l
24、oans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses.The correlation makes sense. People normally have only a certain amount of “debt capacity“. When students use up
25、their “debt capacity“ on student loans, they cant commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneurs personal debt capacity in financing a start-up business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged via bankruptcy, can have lasting effects later in life and may impact the ability of
26、future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, “if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, youre going to harm the economy,“ said Brent Ambrose, a professor of risk management at Pennsylvania State University.Student loan
27、 debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been steeper for people with a history of student loan debt and has continued even as the h
28、ousing market has recovered.Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 study by Jesse Rothstein of the University of California, Berkeley, and Cecilia Elena Rou
29、se of Princeton.They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogether.Before the new policy started in the early 2000s, students were more likely to cho
30、ose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector.In many cases, the choices that student borrowers make are just common sense, based on the financial realities they face. If societ
31、y wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.26 Which of the following is NOT true about “debt capacity“?（A）People with student loans, generally speaking, have almost used up their “debt capacity“.（B） All the pe
32、ople have a certain amount of “debt capacity“ no matter they have loans or not.（C） For those people who took student loans, their “debt capacity“ are weaker than others.（D）Entrepreneurs “debt capacity“ should be stronger since it is crucial in financing situation.27 The quotation in Paragraph 2 impl
33、ies that_.（A）job opportunities are disappearing in high speed（B） economic development can be held back by student loans（C） small business survival is insignificant and meaningless（D）more and more commercial opportunities have been created28 We can infer from Rothstein and Elena s research that_.（A）w
34、ith lots of student loans, people will repress their desires of homeownership（B） without student loans, college graduates prefer to choose high-reward jobs（C） without the burden of paying back loans, people will get more freedom of job choice（D）although many colleges have financial capacity to suppo
35、rt students, they refuse to do so29 Be a person with student loans, one would like to_.（A）run his / her own business（B） invest in real estate（C） dedicate to public welfare（D）become a high-paid employee30 Whats the focus of the passage?（A）A recent research about student debt.（B） The ripple effects of
36、 student debt.（C） Rules of applying loans in colleges.（D）Career choice of contemporary youth.30 Nationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The over-50s control 80% of Britain s wealth, and like to spend it on houses and high-street shopping. The young “generation re
37、nt“, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liable to shop online.People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 restaurant spending by those aged 65-74 increased by 33%, while the un-der-30s spent 18% less. And while the young still strug
38、gle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older entrepreneurs. Pensioners also support the working population by volunteering: some 100 retirees in Christchurch help out
39、as business mentors.Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster, and greatly prefer to cluster in London. Even supposed meccas like Manchester are ageing: clubs in that city are becoming members-only. Towns that aim too youn
40、g, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed La Senzas(a lingerie chain)and struggling tattoo parlours.Companies often lag behind local authorities in working this out. They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic: heft of the oldwho
41、 are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing reckons Britain could be on the verge of a marketing surge directed at the grey pound, “similar to what we saw with the pink“. The window will not remain open forever:
42、 soon the baby boomers will start to ail, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement.Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the towns that draw them are likely to grow more and more pleasant. Decent restaurants and nice shops spring up in the favoured haunt
43、s of the old, just as they do in the trendy, revamped boroughs of London. Latimer House, a Christchurch furniture store full of retro clothing and 1940s music, would not look out of place in Hackney. Improved high streets then entice customers of all ages.Indeed, gentrification and gerontification c
44、an look remarkably similar. Old folk and young hip-sters are similarly fond of vinyl and typewriters, and wander about in outsized spectacles. Some people never lose their edge.31 The ageing population can be locally a boon in Britain in that_.（A）old folks hold 80% of Britain s wealth（B） older peopl
45、e spend more money on high-street shopping（C） older people tend to buy big houses than rent houses（D）the elderly like shopping online32 Compared with the under-30s, older people_.（A）have stronger purchasing power（B） retire earlier during the financial crisis（C） are liable to be entrepreneurs（D）make
46、more money by working as business mentors33 We can learn that most small towns and cities_.（A）easily capture a cluster of young professionals（B） attract high concentrations of youth to local clubs（C） should change the position that aims too young（D）vigorously develop tattoo parlous34 According to Ca
47、royln Freeman of Revelation Marketing,_.（A）the old stick with products they learned to love in their youth（B） the baby boomers also favour pink as we see（C） the grey market will not grow forever（D）Britain will have a marketing surge aiming at old folks35 It can be inferred that Hackney is a borough_
48、.（A）with retro style（B） with trendy atmosphere（C） playing 1940s music（D）mainly selling furniture35 “Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission t
49、o Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.Ive been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the
