1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 92 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Amazon today unveiled Dash Buttons, an easy way for customers to【C1 】_select bulk goods 【C2】_ an internet-connected button, and yes
2、terday 【C3】_ Home Services, an on-demand installation and handyman service. Combined, they show that the e-commerce giant has a clear understanding of how the Internet-of-things will 【C4】_ its business. And it isn t going to be shy about capitalizing on connectivity to build its bottom line. Dash Bu
3、ttons are an adaptation of Amazons 【 C5】_ -controlled Dash ordering system that lets people speak to order new【C6】_items.So 【C7】_ Amazon has is a retrofit strategy for connecting smart appliances to its e-commerce operations and a future-facing strategy for the coming flood of 【C8】 _ devices. And al
4、l of this is geared around making buying products from Amazon as easy as possible.The 【C9 】_ of one-button tasks are appealing,【C10】_it could lead to a【C11】_of packages ending up at peoples doors if Amazon doesnt try to【C12 】_waste on its end, by grouping shipments together when possible. People on
5、Twitter seem mostly【C13】_about pets and small children playing with the Dash Buttons and ordering multiples of their Kraft Macaroni and Cheese boxes, although Amazon notes that【C14】_the button is pressed more than once, the order doesnt go【C15 】_on the second time, and youll get a smartphone notific
6、ation about it.Amazon also recently launched Home Services, following up on last years opening of a home automation e-store devoted to connected gadgets for the homemany of which require a【C16】_in staller. So now Amazon can sell these devices along with the person who can install them. It also is【C1
7、7】_on maintenance, via a network of service providers that it can call 【C18】_ for its network of suppliers or for its own planned connected home play.With Dash, its【C19 】_an offensive play to【C20】_up more sales as devices come online. With Amazon Home Services, its making a defensive play as other l
8、arge companies try to become more vertically integrated.1 【C1 】（A）choose（B） buy（C） order（D）get2 【C2 】（A）via（B） on（C） around（D）at3 【C3 】（A）published（B） launched（C） announced（D）released4 【C4 】（A）benefit（B） influence（C） harm（D）threaten5 【C5 】（A）numeral（B） sound（C） gesture（D）voice6 【C6 】（A）food（B） groce
9、ry（C） digit（D）automation7 【C7 】（A）that（B） which（C） what（D）when8 【C8 】（A）connected（B） personal（C） automatic（D）electronic9 【C9 】（A）uncertainty（B） complexity（C） creativity（D）simplicity10 【C10 】（A）and（B） so（C） although（D）because11 【C11 】（A）pile（B） mess（C） pack（D）group12 【C12 】（A）minimize（B） decrease（C）
10、stop（D）control13 【C13 】（A）careful（B） curious（C） concerned（D）sympathetic14 【C14 】（A）when（B） though（C） unless（D）if15 【C15 】（A）down（B） through（C） off（D）out16 【C16 】（A）professional（B） special（C） specific（D）amateur17 【C17 】（A）attending（B） emphasizing（C） focusing（D）commenting18 【C18 】（A）at（B） for（C） in（D）
11、on19 【C19 】（A）applying（B） making（C） taking（D）getting20 【C20 】（A）rise（B） make（C） ring（D）putPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorists s
12、mart-phone is the climax of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.On the one side, you have the United States government s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass mur
13、derers phone. The action stems from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the F.B.I. unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, Calif, in December.In the other corner is the world s most valuable company, whose chief executive,
14、 Timothy D. Cook, has said he will appeal the court s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhone
15、s for any government intruder, anywhere.There will probably be months of legal tussling, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor.Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies
16、 hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public s collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data.Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced
17、 to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what s to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively, before a suspected terrorist at tackleaving
18、Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare.Yet it s worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “If theyre anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet theyre
19、rethinking their threat model as we speak,“ said Jonathan Zdziarski, who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.21 In Paragraph 1, “a slow turning of the tables“ probably means_.（A）fighting under the table（B） reversing a situation slowly（C） beating the opponent slowly（D）performing a good drama22
20、 What is the United States government fighting for?（A）The strong legal and security power.（B） The basic rights of the poor.（C） The data in a bad guy s phone.（D）The authority of the federal court.23 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 3-4?（A）Apple is against the courts order.（B
21、） Apple claims it s fighting for most people s benefits.（C） Apple thinks it does matter to protect the data from any government intruder.（D）Apple has got support from the court and the public.24 The reasons for Apple to protect these data exclude_.（A）its business depends on these data（B） it s fatal
22、to unlock these data for Apple（C） every government wants to get these data（D）the unlock of these data will bring Apple into a dilemma25 According to the text, which side will win the fight?（A）Tech companies.（B） The United States government.（C） It s not clear.（D）There is no winner.25 If you watched a
23、 certain swimmers Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4100-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the purple dots actually are signs of “cupping,“ an ancient Chinese healing
24、 practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment.In cupping, practitioners of the healing techniqueor sometimes the athletes themselves place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away f
25、rom the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but its enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have been so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States mens gymnastics te
26、am.Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing soreness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds recovery. Phelps posted an Instagram photo showing himself stretched on a table as his
27、 Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thighs. “Thanks for my cupping today!“ he wrote.While theres no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the treatment, theres not much science to determine whether cupping offers a real physiolo
28、gical benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. “A placebo effect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well,“ said Leonid Kalichman, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. “A patient can f
29、eel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect.“One 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and then focuses on relaxing
30、them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient groups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored higher on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressure was applied to the ar
31、ea. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential benefits of cupping.26 We can learn from the passage that Michael Phelps_.（A）is involved in a bar fight（B） cups himself（C） is a member of US mens 4100-meter relay team（D）and his swimming team members have the pur
32、ple dots on their shoulders27 In cupping, practitioners of the healing technique use the following EXCEPT_.（A）heat（B） a cup（C） a circle（D）an air pump28 Which of the following is NOT the effect of cupping mentioned in the passage?（A）Curing cold.（B） Less soreness.（C） Quick recovery.（D）Avoiding getting
33、 injured.29 It can be inferred that a placebo effect occurs simply because_.（A）it has been proved by science（B） patients have the expectation that it will be helpful（C） patients usually are athletes, coaches and trainers（D）it has an evident physiological effect30 From the study, we know that compare
34、d with progressive muscle relaxation(PMR), cupping_.（A）has more potential benefits for health（B） needs more time of treatment（C） is more popular among people（D）is more effective for people with chronic neck pain30 When it comes to Barbie s body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thursday, M
35、attel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles.The move is about more than just making Barbie look differe
36、nt. While Barbie was once Mattels powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie back to
37、Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website.But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-year-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Executives h
38、ave been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie s in-store sales began picking up last year.The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and games in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-specific to
39、ys. Even Lego, the world s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to pick u
40、p on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation.Barbie s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companies conf
41、orm to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes.And some parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes(a racecar for a son, a princess doll
42、 for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its childrens Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or girls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, has bani
43、shed gender distinctions for its toys.31 According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to_.（A）make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles（B） cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toys（C） let a wider range of p
44、eople who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie again（D）let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie32 What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbie s change?（A）It s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.（B） The change of makeup may not m
45、ake Barbie popular again.（C） Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.（D）Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.33 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（A）Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.（B） Lego will offer girl
46、s more career-oriented toys.（C） Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.（D）Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.34 According to the passage, parents and many health experts_.（A）complain that there are too many dolls and models（B） think that an ext
47、remely thin body type is comfortable（C） force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporations（D）hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes35 The introduction of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that_.（A）they try to help kids build self-confidence（B） there is no basi
48、s for some parents concerns（C） they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the start（D）there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail stores35 Many of the tech industrys biggest companies, like Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft, are jockeying to become the leader for ar
49、tificial intelligence(A.I.). In the industrys term, the companies are engaged in a “platform war.“A platform, in technology, is essentially a piece of software that other companies build on and that consumers cannot do without. Become the platform and huge profits will follow. Microsoft dominated personal computers because its Windows software became the center of the consumer software world
