1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 93 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For ex
2、ample, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known.Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people s【C2】_of the real autho
3、r【C3 】_their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 【C5】 _ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societi
4、es where their 【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 【C8 】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many
5、 countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_seeing him face to face.The anonymity in【C13】_situations is how
6、ever not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to【C17 】 _their feeling more th
7、an their real intention.Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【 C18】_that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【 C19】_the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Adverti
8、sement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_reasons.1 【C1 】（A）strange（B） ordinary（C） ridiculous（D）famous2 【C2 】（A）preconception（B） worship（C） admiration（D）discrimination3 【C3 】（A）color（B） destroy（C） distinguish（D）prefer4 【C4 】（A）show（B） conceal（C） cancel（
9、D）distain5 【C5 】（A）funny（B） unbiased（C） fresh（D）straight6 【C6 】（A）surprising（B） common（C） acknowledged（D）unbelievable7 【C7 】（A）religion（B） belief（C） idea（D）synagogue8 【C8 】（A）possession（B） honor（C） privacy（D）reputation9 【C9 】（A）require（B） disperse（C） reveal（D）get10 【C10 】（A）countries（B） files（C） reg
10、ions（D）cases11 【C11 】（A）cleaned（B） put（C） designed（D）automated12 【C12 】（A）before（B） after（C） with（D）without13 【C13 】（A）confessional（B） church（C） other（D）private14 【C14 】（A）casual（B） serious（C） medium（D）temporary15 【C15 】（A）beg（B） plead（C） appeal（D）require16 【C16 】（A）police（B） confessor（C） boss（D）pri
11、est17 【C17 】（A）keep（B） leak（C） intensify（D）express18 【C18 】（A）insulting（B） important（C） forgivable（D）proud19 【C19 】（A）of（B） among（C） on（D）within20 【C20 】（A）unknown（B） striking（C） obvious（D）intimatePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
12、 C or D. (40 points)20 How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges.In
13、fact, as Christine L. Cotton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted.
14、 Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests.And yet its a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieg
15、ed Paris in 1870, fell in love with Londons vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us l
16、ight!“ Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter.The more serious side of Corton s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly win
17、d meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there
18、 was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning“ didnt do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel.It wasnt until what cam
19、e to be known as the “Great Killer Fog“ of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in it
20、s infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade.Corton s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual
21、 and enlightening experience.21 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（A）The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn s child.（B） King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn s idea.（C） The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.（D）
22、It wasnt until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.22 The word “grime“(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to_.（A）fog（B） dirt（C） frost（D）paint23 Which of the following would be most heavily affected by Londons pollution according to Corton s b
23、ook?（A）rich dwellers in the east.（B） the underclass in the west.（C） East London s slum dwellers.（D）servants of furnace owners.24 The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that_.（A）Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality（B） The British press was also playing a big role（C） It was a long way
24、 for Clean Air Act to be passed（D）reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage25 There were plane trees everywhere in London because they_.（A）could resist fog and haze（B） were related to social history（C） contained a wealth of eccentric detail（D）were shiny and beautified the
25、environment25 In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New
26、York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow.A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the res
27、taurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter.The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, becau
28、se its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimu
29、m wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “its not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwa
30、shers and other kitchen workers.The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregular
31、ities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry.Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he
32、also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said
33、. “It may not be the perfect system, but it s our system. It s an American system.“26 According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（A）1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.（B） Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitalit
34、y Group will be removed.（C） All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.（D）There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.27 By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will_.（A）reduce ti
35、ps（B） decrease prices（C） explain that prices include “hospitality“（D）provide blank lines for tips on checks28 Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（A）Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.（B） Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract c
36、ulinary talents.（C） The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.（D）Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.29 It is unfair that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT_.（A）their service（B） the weather（C） race and age（D）their customers moods30 The authors
37、attitude towards tips elimination seems to be_.（A）favorable（B） skeptical（C） uncertain（D）objective30 Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif youre lucky! and if y
38、oure very lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way?It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of infor
39、mation in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand.Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a bet
40、ter job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in
41、the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, th
42、an what the satisficers got.Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fac
43、t, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted.Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesnt buy more happiness, as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or
44、 she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.31 What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（A）Graduates arent well-prepared for jobs when freshing
45、out of colleges.（B） Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.（C） Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.（D）Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.32 According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（A）Maximizers can
46、get something of value from outside information.（B） Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.（C） Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.（D）The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.33 The word “contortions“(Para. 3
47、)most probably refers to_.（A）choices（B） occupations（C） opportunities（D）distortions34 The passage conveys that higher pay_.（A）brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficers（B） encourages maximizers seek perfection（C） makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offer（D）helps maximiz
48、ers develop a sense of self-worth35 Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（A）Higher Pay: Be Happier or Unhappy（B） First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting（C） Sources of Information: Outside or at Hand（D）Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer35 Ellen Pao spent the last few years sp
49、otlighting the technology industrys lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gomez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort t
