1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 94 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen repe
2、atedly over the past few months. Not all who【C1】_these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 【C2 】_ have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 【C3】_to prevent another attack.Mental illness usually is not as danger
3、ous or dramatic. 【C4】_ 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are 【C5】_ mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their【C6】_. The Affordable Care Act has significantly increas
4、ed insurance coverage 【C7】_ mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 【C8】_ to insufficient mental-health-care resources.Rep. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more【C9】_than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps
5、 has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The【C10】_would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into mental health services. It would【C11 】_the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that【C12 】_certain medical standards. An
6、d it would【C13 】_states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment.Not everyone is satisfied. Some patients advocates have【C14】_Mr. Murphys approach as coercive and【C15】_to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the system
7、 s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those【C16】_severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that【C17】_the need for more serious treatment.【C18】_, for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states
8、 have good reason to【C19】_them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.【C20】_the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.1 【C1 】（A）grant（B） commit（C） afford（D）award2 【C2 】（A）many（B） few（C） more
9、（D）much3 【C3 】（A）requested（B） demanded（C） failed（D）attempted4 【C4 】（A）Neatly（B） Considerably（C） Nearly（D）Hardly5 【C5 】（A）inevitable（B） necessary（C） certain（D）potential6 【C6 】（A）careers（B） hospitals（C） schools（D）families7 【C7 】（A）for（B） against（C） with（D）without8 【C8 】（A）warning（B） access（C） demand（D
10、）way9 【C9 】（A）preferable（B） ineffective（C） single（D）comprehensive10 【C10 】（A）bill（B） method（C） link（D）law11 【C11 】（A）confirm（B） change（C） refuse（D）hold12 【C12 】（A）have（B） make（C） meet（D）accord13 【C13 】（A）admit（B） push（C） retard（D）command14 【C14 】（A）praised（B） appreciated（C） scolded（D）condemned15 【C1
11、5 】（A）harmful（B） beneficial（C） uncertain（D）considerate16 【C16 】（A）looking into（B） taking on（C） dealing with（D）going through17 【C17 】（A）heads off（B） interferes with（C） takes off（D）copes with18 【C18 】（A）Thus（B） Because（C） However（D）And19 【C19 】（A）invite（B） allow（C） require（D）refute20 【C20 】（A）And（B） B
12、ut（C） Therefore（D）BesidesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without
13、the throb of a synthesiser or a guitars twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers tastes. The idea is to entertain,
14、 and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firms international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013.Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchan
15、dising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers views of the pro
16、ducts on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games.Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to p
17、ay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop.EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and t
18、he sound of a rolling trainthought to be pleasant but not overly seductiveto help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. “Classical music does seem to be the way to go“ if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from y
19、our clientele, says the studys author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London.Few traditional shops are likely to use that tactic. H so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is, to some extent, passed on through DNA. To try to establish just what that
20、extent is, a group of scientists examined over 1, 000 pairs of twins from a huge study on the health of American adolescents. They conclude that about a third of the variation in people s happiness is heritable.But while twin studies are useful for establishing the extent to which a characteristic i
21、s heritable, they do not finger the particular genes at work. One of the researchers, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, of University College, London, and the London School of Economics, has tried to do just that, by picking a popular suspectthe gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, and examining
22、 how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness.Serotonin is involved in mood regulation. Serotonin transporters are crucial to this job. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variantslong and short People have two versions(known as alleles). The adolescents in Dr. De Neve s s
23、tudy were asked to grade themselves from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Dr. De Neve found that those with one long allele were 8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied; those with two long alleles were 17% more likely.Which is interesting. Where the story co
24、uld become controversial is when the ethnic origins of the volunteers are taken into account. All were Americans, but they were asked to classify themselves by race as well. On average, the Asian Americans in the sample had 0.69 long genes, the black Americans had 1.47 and the white Americans had 1.
25、12.There is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among economists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanitys achievements. Future work in this field will be read avidly in those circles. 26 What is implied in “Age has a role, too
26、“ in Paragraph 1?（A）The middle-aged are happier than the old.（B） The middle-aged are happier than the young.（C） The middle-aged are happier than the young and the old.（D）The young and the old are happier than the middle-aged.27 By examining over 1,000 pairs of twins, scientists intend to confirm the
27、 extent of that_.（A）external circumstances govern happiness（B） personality determines happiness（C） genes identify happiness（D）age affects happiness28 Which of the following is the twin studies finding?（A）The tendency to be happy or miserable is passed on through DNA.（B） The happiness of about 330 pa
28、irs of twins is heritable.（C） They establish the extent to which a personality is decisive.（D）They hardly find the serotonin-transporter gene probably functioned.29 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）some have two short alleles, and others have two long ones（B） different races may have dif
29、ferent propensities for happiness（C） the notion that human personality is a blank slate is strengthened（D）those with two short alleles were more likely than those with one long allele30 In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（A）policymakers studies
30、 on happiness（B） every continents levels of happiness（C） another factor that governs happiness（D）humanitys achievement and happiness30 Women are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our children s needs and intuitive of our partners intent
31、ions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others.These are observati
32、ons rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Womens emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to
33、 apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear being called hysterical.The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience
34、 they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended. Sales of antidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and theyve recently been outpaced by an antipsychotic, Ability, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric on
35、es.At least one in four women in America now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they arent nece
36、ssary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism.Obvio
37、usly, there are situations where psychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who dont really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives wi
38、thout nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.31 Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men in that women_.（A）are born to be sensitive to environments（B） have more brain s capacity for expressing functions（C） hav
39、e the basic skills to survive（D）are more sensitive to language32 The phrase “mesh with“(Para. 2)probably means_.（A）account for（B） agree with（C） cater for（D）deal with33 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（A）The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage ofwomens fear.（B） Nowaday
40、s, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.（C） Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.（D）Ability is the best-selling drug in the United States.34 According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（A）Doctors in other fi
41、elds prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.（B） More and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.（C） This drugs greatly improve women s lives.（D）Women are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.35 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）psychiatric medications are n
42、ot important（B） many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychiatric medications（C） many people need psychiatric medications for excitement（D）human beings need some outdoor and social activities35 Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them
43、 as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they
44、are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow s robots will increasingly take on del
45、icate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too
46、powerful and ubiquitous. Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule
47、in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people.A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have alwa
48、ys worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.Two principlesdont let robots hurt or f
49、righten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots b
