1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 99 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 As I type these lines, my daughter, Harriet, who is 14, is on her iPhone skipping among no fewer than eight social media sites. My
2、son, Penn, who is 15, will be asleep for hours yet. He was 【C1】_ all night with a friend playing two video games, in a jag fueled by his favorite foodlike【C2】_ .I like that my kids are comfortable and alert in the wired world. But increasingly I am【C3】_ for them. It s more【C4】_ every day that screen
3、s have gradually stolen them from themselves. My wife, Cree, and I have【C5】_ them to drift quite distantly into the online world, and we fear our casualness has been a 【C6】 _. Each summer Cree and I resolve to【C7】_ things back. This is【C8】_ we draft rules for a new school year, strictures like: no l
4、aptops in bedrooms during the week; homework before screen time; no electronics after 10 p.m These rules invariably begin to【C9】_ by Day 3. By Day 4, there is pleading, and the discreet slamming of doors. By Day 8, no one is sure what the【C10】_ are anymore. Were back where we started, and plump with
5、 fear.This year it【C11】_ to me we needed help. So I sat down with a new book that【C12】_ assistance, and understanding. It is The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age, whose primary【C13】_, Catherine Steiner-Adair, is a clinical psychologist who teaches at H
6、arvard Medical School. Her book is【C14 】_ on thousands of interviews, and it can be eloquent about the need to ration our childrens computer time. Here the author has pinned me. I like to think I m a good father, perhaps even casually【C15】_ in my better moments, 【C16】_ there is zero doubt that, with
7、out my iPhone in my palm, I feel I lose something since Im fairly【C17 】_.I must change my life a bit.Cree and I are still hammering out our kids computer rules. We are trying to【C18 】_ in mind that were not our kids best friends; were their【 C19】_. And we are【C20】_ if theres an app for fortitude. 1
8、【C1 】（A）out（B） awaken（C） away（D）up2 【C2 】（A）objects（B） substances（C） things（D）materials3 【C3 】（A）disappointed（B） satisfied（C） terrified（D）worried4 【C4 】（A）common（B） serious（C） negative（D）apparent5 【C5 】（A）stopped（B） allowed（C） suggested（D）admitted6 【C6 】（A）habit（B） failure（C） fortune（D）disaster7 【C7
9、 】（A）rein（B） pay（C） return（D）keep8 【C8 】（A）when（B） what（C） where（D）because9 【C9 】（A）work（B） pause（C） cease（D）crack10 【C10 】（A）electronics（B） punishments（C） rules（D）concerns11 【C11 】（A）occurred（B） took（C） left（D）seemed12 【C12 】（A）applies（B） relates（C） offers（D）features13 【C13 】（A）character（B） author（
10、C） partner（D）editor14 【C14 】（A）written（B） identified（C） based（D）put15 【C15 】（A）inferior（B） superb（C） nice（D）playful16 【C16 】（A）and（B） besides（C） but（D）as17 【C17 】（A）confused（B） regretable（C） lonely（D）obsessive18 【C18 】（A）put（B） remember（C） stay（D）keep19 【C19 】（A）relatives（B） parents（C） companions（D）
11、enemies20 【C20 】（A）wondering（B） thinking（C） guessing（D）hopingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 I can tap my smartphone and a cab will arrive almost immediately. Another tap will tell me the latest news, value
12、 my share portfolio or give me route directions to my next meeting. As a result, I do not need to stand on a street corner vainly trying to hail a taxi to the theatre, lose myself in London streets. The changes that have occurred in the past decade have, from an economic perspective, increased at vi
13、rtually no cost the efficiency of household production.The data framework within which economic analysis is conducted is largely the product of the second world war. In the 1930s American economist Simon Kuznets began to elaborate a system of national accounts. That work was given impetus when the w
14、ar led governments to take control of important sectors of economic activity. It was soon realized that this required far better data than had previously existed, which in turn raised the challenge of how best to structure such information.Household productionwomens work as homemakersdid not have mu
15、ch of a look-in; that was not the front line against fascism. The joke about the man who reduced national income by marrying his housekeeper, so that a market transaction became part of household production, was once a mandatory part of every introductory course on national income accounting but has
16、 succumbed to political correctness.Technological advance has always enhanced household as well as business efficiency. Our domestic productivity has benefited from washing machines, vacuum cleaners and central heating, and before that from electric light and automobiles. But at least these things w
17、ere partially accounted for: from an economic perspective a car is a faster and cheaper horse. Statisticians in principle incorporated these improvements in the efficiency of consumer goods into their measurement of productivity, though in practice they did not try very hard.But the technological ad
18、vances of the past decade seem to have increased the efficiency of households, rather than the efficiency of businesses, to an unusual extent. An ereader in the pocket replaces a roomful of books, and all the worlds music is streamed to my computer. We look at aggregate statistics and worry about th
19、e slowdown in growth and productivity. But the evidence of our eyes seems to tell a different story.21 It can be implied from the first paragraph that_.（A）a new smartphone is created（B） the new smartphone has changed people s life（C） there are many changes in the past decade（D）economically speaking,
20、 the changes have improved the efficiency of household production22 Creating the system of national accounts was given impetus when_.（A）governments controlled the important sectors of economic activity during the war（B） people realized this demanded far better data（C） it began to raise the challenge
21、 of how best to structure such information（D）it needed more data than before23 The phrase “succumbed to“ is closest in meaning to_.（A）turned to（B） submitted to（C） gave up（D）sent out24 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（A）Technological advance has always improved the busines
22、s efficiency.（B） Our domestic productivity has benefited from technological advance.（C） Statisticians in practice tried very hard as they did in principle.（D）In principle, the statisticians should consider these improvements in the efficiency of consumer goods when they measure productivity.25 Accor
23、ding to the last paragraph, the author believes_.（A）the technological advances have an unusual effect on people s life（B） the technological advances bring treats to real stores（C） we dont need to be worried about the slowdown in growth and productivity（D）the evidence in life seems to be disadvantage
24、ous25 Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitars twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists l
25、ike Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firms international chief. Music by famous artists works better th
26、an the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013.Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate onl
27、ine shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games.Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed t
28、o be hazardous for shoppers wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensi
29、ve bottles than those hearing pop.EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling trainthought to be pleasant but not overly seductiveto help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by t
30、urning up the Chopin. “Classical music does seem to be the way to go“ if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the studys author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London.Few traditional shops are likely
31、 to use that tactic. H when the leadership team at a London-based power company decreased their email output, employees followed suit.Mr. Moffatt says one of the reasons hes so public about his unplugging is to show his employees that it is important to have a life outside of work. Plus, his occasio
32、nal absences give colleagues the chance to exercise more power. “It sends a pretty strong signal to your team: I don t have to be there all the time,“ he says.Handing over the reins does occasionally come with growing pains. Mr. Thurston of Cultivated Wit eschewed everything from work email to Faceb
33、ook to Instagram last December and found it to be a “humbling“ experience.36 The author mentions Baratunde Thurston and Spencer Rascoff to show that_.（A）some chief executives are favorable to be alone（B） micro-disconnecting is a hard time for executives（C） Internet detox enjoys its popularity recent
34、ly（D）CEOs are able to completely cut the wire37 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 3-4?（A）Without technology, Mr. Rascoff thinks more thoughtfully.（B） Without technology, Leslie Perlow thinks people work more efficiently.（C） Jim Moffatt finds occasionally unplugging helps him
35、 easier to solve problems.（D）Jim Moffatts case shows time away from work helps make global strategies.38 The reasons that Mr. Moffatt is public about his unplugging exclude_.（A）it can offer an opportunity to test the loyalty of his employees（B） it is vital to show his employees having a life out of
36、work（C） employees are offered opportunities to exercise more power（D）it can send a message that sometimes he can be absent39 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）its difficult for Mr. Thurston to turn off Internet（B） Facebook and Instagram are indispensable tools in work（C） its painfu
37、l sometimes to delegate power（D）keeping away from Internet makes people humble40 The most appropriate title for this text could be_.（A）The Reflections of CEOs（B） At Work: Unplugging Can Help（C） Unplugging Encourages to Think Independently（D）Stay Away from High TechnologyPart B (10 points) 40 A Learn
38、 How to Recognize Your Soul MateB Take Religion SeriouslyC Consider Marrying YoungD Learn to Read RegularlyE Watch “Groundhog Day“ RepeatedlyF Eventually Stop Fretting about Fame and FortuneG Cultivate the Habit of Watching MoviesA few years ago, I took it upon myself to start writing tips for the y
39、oung staff where I work about how to avoid doing things that would make their supervisors write them off. At that point, I had to deal with a reality: When it comes to a life filled with deep and lasting satisfactions, most of the cliches are true. How could I make them sound fresh to a new generati
40、on? Heres how I tried.【R1 】_The age of marriage for college graduates has been increasing for decades, and this cultural shift has been a good thing. But should you assume that marriage is still out of the question when youre 25? Im not suggesting that you decide ahead of time that you will get marr
41、ied in your 20s. Im just pointing out that you shouldnt exclude the possibility. If you get married in your 20s, it is likely to be a startup.What are the advantages of a startup marriage? For one thing, you will both have memories of your life together when it was all still up in the air. Youll hav
42、e fun remembering the years when you went from being scared newcomers to the point at which you realized you were going to make it.【R2 】_Marry someone with similar tastes and preferences. Which tastes and preferences? The ones that will affect life almost every day.It is absolutely crucial that you
43、really, really like your spouse. You hear it all the time from people who are in great marriages: “Im married to my best friend.“ They are being literal. A good working definition of “soul mate“ is “your closest friend, to whom you are also sexually attracted.“【R3 】_One of my assumptions about you i
44、s that you are ambitiousmeaning that you hope to become famous, rich or both, and intend to devote intense energy over the next few decades to pursuing those dreams. That is as it should be.But suppose you arrive at age 40, and you enjoy your work, have found your soul mate, are raising a couple of
45、terrific kidsand recognize that you will probably never become either rich or famous. At that point, it is important to know fame and wealth do accomplish something: They cure ambition anxiety. But thats all. It isnt much.【R4 】_Start by jarring yourself out of unreflective atheism or agnosticism. A
46、good way to do that is to read about contemporary cosmology. That reading wont lead you to religion, but it may stop you from being unreflective.Start reading religious literature. The past hundred years have produced excellent and accessible work, much of it written by people who came to adulthood
47、as uninvolved in religion as you are.【R5 】_Without the slightest bit of preaching, The movie “Groundhog Day“ shows the bumpy, unplanned evolution of his protagonist from a jerk to a fully realized human beinga person who has learned to experience deep, lasting and justified satisfaction with life ev
48、en though he has only one day to work with.You could learn the same truths by studying Aristotles “Ethics“ carefully, but watching “Groundhog Day“ repeatedly is a lot more fun.41 【R1 】42 【R2 】43 【R3 】44 【R4 】45 【R5 】Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underline
49、d segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 Exercise has innumerable health benefits, but losing weight may not be among them. A provocative new study shows that a substantial number of people who take up an exercise regimen wind up heavier afterward than they were at the start, with the weight gain due mostly to extra fat, not muscle.But the study also finds, for the
