1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Enter the information age. Information is the raw material for many of the business activities shaping this new era, (1)_ iron and s
2、teel were the basic commodities in the dawning of the industrial age.The worlds knowledge is said to be doubling (2)_ eight years. This knowledge explosion is (3)_ economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate (4)_ quantities of information is Spawning new products and services, c
3、reating jobs, and widening career opportunities.The information age is (5)_ considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy, (6)_ a product of heavy industry. Certainly, burgeoning information technologies are creating new capabilities (7)_ knowledge-based service spheres. But cha
4、nges just as dramatic are (8)_ industry, giving people the opportunity to do challenging work in exciting new ways.Manufacturing is a full participant in the information age. From design (9)_ production, the manufacturing process has long been in formation-intensive. It always has required exacting
5、communication to describe (10)_ goes into products and how to make them, Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new capability to gather all of this information and (11)_ it to control production.Telecommunications are producing error-free communication between the design office (12)_ t
6、he factory, computer-aided design is enabling engineers to evaluate product performance and manufacturing process (13)_ video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing (14)_ new advances in manufacturing productivity.Just as coal fueled
7、 the transformation to an industrial society, (15)_ microelectronics is powering the rise of the information age. Microelectronic information-management tools are strengthening U.S. industrial capability, (16)_ remains vital to Americas economic well being and national security.More and more manufac
8、turing companies are (17)_ that the wise of information can give them a competitive edge. As companies emphasize (18)_ information management, talented people will continue to find (19)_ to make factories and milks sing with increased productivity.In manufacturing as well as in services, information
9、 technology is a tool to (20)_ human creativity into productivity.（A）as long as（B） so long as（C） just as（D）so far as（A）every（B） each（C） between（D）during（A）taking（B） stimulating（C） sending（D）giving（A）big（B） small（C） few（D）great（A）generally（B） eventually（C） surprisingly（D）finally（A）other than（B） bette
10、r than（C） rather than（D）no more than（A）with（B） in（C） by（D）on（A）transmitting（B） transporting（C） translating（D）transforming（A）in（B） to（C） from（D）with（A）that（B） which（C） what（D）whichever（A）use（B） take（C） make（D）combine（A）by（B） and（C） with（D）in（A）in（B） by（C） over（D）on（A）over（B） off（C） about（D）forward（A）
11、but（B） so（C） although（D）otherwise（A）that（B） where（C） what（D）which（A）wondering（B） suggesting（C） recognizing（D）exposing（A）powerful（B） effective（C） helpful（D）productive（A）events（B） ways（C） things（D）information（A）carry（B） make（C） turn（D）bringPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu
12、estions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 In 1879, Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian School, a remarkable 40-year chapter in this countrys failed social policy regarding Native Americans. Pratts faith could be simply described as: “Kill the Indian, Save the Man!“
13、to eradicate any manifestations of their native culture. When four decades of forcible education ended in 1918, it wasnt clear what Pratts experiment had killed and what it had saved. But there was one indisputably notable legacythe Carlisle football team. In the early 20th century, the Carlisle Ind
14、ians ascended to the pinnacle(顶点) of the collegiate game. In those years, it began to engage all the Ivy football powers on the gridiron(运动场). And from 1911 to 1913, including the season in which the legendary Jim Thorpe returned from the Olympics to score 25 touchdowns, Carlisle had a 38-3 record,
15、including a 27-6 rout of West Point.Washington Post sportswriter Sally Jenkins has produced a fascinating new book, “The Real All Americans“: The Team That Changed a Game, a People, a Nation (Doubleday. $24.95), that examines the Carlisle legend in wonderful detail. At the turn of the century, footb
16、all was exploding on the college scene, particularly at the Ivy elites, where the sons of the gentry could prepare for the rigors of leadership on the gridiron. They preferred their football brutal. Conversely, the Carlisle team was undermanned and seriously undersized.But Carlisle was blessed with
17、gifted athletes and a wizard of a coach, Pop Warner. Because Carlisle couldnt match the brute force of its rivals, Warner created an entirely new brand of football, relying on speed, deception and guile. In that 1903 Harvard game, Carlisle used the hidden ball trick to score on the second-half kicko
18、ff. While the return man pretended to cradle the ball, another player had it tucked into a pocket sewn inside the back of his jersey and ran unmolested 103 yards for a touchdown.Carlisle developed new blocking techniques that compensated for its size disadvantage: the spiral throw that put the long
19、pass, with its premium(优势) on speed, into the offense and a repertoire of fakes; reverses and misdirection that remain a central part of the game. It took brains to concoct the schemes and intelligence to execute them. These innovations did not go unrecognized. After Carlisle trounced Army in 1912,
20、The New York Times hailed the conquerors from Carlisle for playing “the most perfect brand of football ever seen in America“.Still, today this country celebrates football like no other sport. Jenkins does a marvelous job of making an intimate connection between our beloved, modern game and the unlik
21、ely team that, a century ago, helped make it what it is today.21 By saying“ Kill the Indian, Save the Man“, Pratt probably means _.（A）to kill all the Indians in America and save American whites.（B） to remove the Indian culture from Indians without killing them.（C） to eliminate American natives in or
22、der to save the rest of Americans.（D）to indoctrinate Indians with the western culture to protect Americans.22 We can infer from the text that _.（A）the coach of Carlisle comes back from the Olympics.（B） carlisle has a special edge over Ivy football powers.（C） Americans treat football in the same way
23、with other games.（D）carlisle won several champions in the late 20th century collegiate game.23 Why did Carlisle rely on speed, deception and guile?（A）because Carlisle had a higher intelligence than its rivals.（B） because Carlisle was hardly weaker in brute force than its rivals.（C） because its rival
24、s were physically much stronger than Carlisle.（D）because only Carlisle employed a coach who knew various tactics.24 According to the author, the new blocking techniques developed by Carlisle _.（A）helped it to win the champion of 1912.（B） was recognized by the American people.（C） made up for its stro
25、ng physical force.（D）was useless in the 1912 match against Army.25 Which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）Carlisle and Football.（B） An Indisputable Legacy.（C） Hello, Pratt! Hows football?（D）Playing for Keeps.26 The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and
26、 broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “flow to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than t
27、he conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings toget
28、her evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general te
29、xts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about
30、 interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview, which seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. Mo
31、st of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another f
32、amiliar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the unders
33、tanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.26 The key point of the first paragraph is that_（A）generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism（B） import
34、ance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing（C） concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing（D）personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews27 Much research has been done o
35、n interviews in general_（A）so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened（B） though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attention（C） but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected（D）personal experiences and gen
36、eral impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews28 Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,_（A）but most of them wish to stay away from it（B） and many of them hope to be interviewed some day（C） and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it（D）but mos
37、t of them may not have been interviewed in person29 Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?_（A）The patient（B） The physician（C） The journalist（D）The psychologist30 The article is most likely a part of_（A）a news article（B） a journalistic interview（C） a research report（D）a preface31 Living stan
38、dards soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing happiness?Easterlin admits that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happier than poorer people are. But
39、steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in peoples self-assessments of their own happiness. “There has been not improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half centurya period in which real GDP (gross domestic product) per ca
40、pital more than doubled,“ Easterlin reports.The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlins word: “As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to invalidate the expec
41、ted growth in happiness due to higher income.“Money can buy happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if ones amounts get bigger and other people arent getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwaters finding that Americans perception of the income “necessary to get alo
42、ng“ rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capital income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well off is equated with being happy.Easterlins findings challenge psychologist Abraham Maslows “hierarchy of wants“ as a
43、reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as peoples basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlins evidence points to the persistence of materialism.Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our happin
44、ess only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Easterlins view:“The future, then, to which the era of modem economic growth is leading is one of never ending economic growth, a world in which ever growing abundance is matched by ever rising aspir
45、ations, a world in which cultural difference is leveled in the constant race to achieve the good life of material plenty, it is a world founded on belief in science and the power of rational inquiry and in the ultimate capacity of humanity to shape its own destiny. The irony is that in this last res
46、pect the lesson of history appears to be otherwise: that there is no choice. In the end, it is not the triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.“31 Easterlin seems to suggest that（A）the richer people become, the happier they feel.（B） people f
47、eel unhappy just because they are not rich enough.（C） the increase of wealth certainly results in the increase of happiness.（D）the increase of wealth does not necessarily result in the increase of happiness.32 Generally speaking, people（A）feel poor if they have less than many others.（B） feel rich if
48、 they have more than many others.（C） tend to equate being happy with their feeling relatively rich.（D）tend to expect more if they are richer than their neighbors.33 According to the passage, we can tell that（A）Easterlin agreed with Maslow.（B） Easterlins theory contradicts with Maslows.（C） Easterlins
49、 theory is more popular than Maslows.（D）Maslows theory is more popular than Easterlins.34 What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?（A）Peoples pursue of nonmaterial goals will achieve victory.（B） Peoples pursue of material goals outweighs that of spiritual goals.（C） Peoples pursue of material goals will lead people to be humanists.（D）Peoples pursue of nonmaterial goals is something.35 The author organizes the passage by（A
