1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 12 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 如何充分利用上大学的时间1986 年英译汉及详解It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do
2、afterwards.【F1】If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.【F2 】If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to
3、learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.【F3】Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.【F4】Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration
4、 of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadnt taken a
5、degree in Modern Languages, I shouldnt have ended up as an interpreter, but its too late now. I couldnt go back and begin all over again.“【F5】There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of ones time at university.【F6】This is the case of the student who excels in a p
6、articular branch of learning.【F7 】He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.【F8】It therefore becomes more and mor
7、e important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, a
8、nd on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】6 【F6】7 【F7】8 【F8】8 花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求2013 年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made
9、them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1 】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all
10、their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,“ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A
11、 sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of
12、 mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment.【F3 】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the
13、inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demorali
14、zation of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem
15、to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】It i
16、s this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.9 【F1】10 【F2】11 【F3】12 【
17、F4】13 【F5】13 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取2010 年英译汉及详解One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are en
18、titled to continuance.When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1 】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidenc
19、e to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as
20、 a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing
21、the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless“ species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminat
22、e them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of tree have been “read out of the party“ by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-comme
23、rcial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is tak
24、en for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, fa
25、lsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.14 【F1】15 【F2】16 【F3】17 【F4】18 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 12 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 如果想一想那些
26、为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：条件状语从句和 it 作形式主语的用法。 主句为 it is not hard to see，其中 it 为形式主语，不定式结构 to see为真正的主语。该句为主从复合句。句首为 if 引导的条件状语从句， how difficult it isabilities为 see 的宾语从句。其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构 to select the course，过去分词短语 most suited to his interestsand a
27、bilities 作后置定语，修饰先行词 the course。翻译该从句时应将真正的主语内容译出。 2 【正确答案】 如果一个学生读大学是为了获得对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了拓宽思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，大学是对他有好处的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：不定式作状语的译法。 本句是一个简单的主从复合句。句首为 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句为 he will undoubtedly benefit。条件句的主干为 If a student goes to university，三个并列的不定式结构作目的状语：to acquire，toenlarge，and to learn。
28、3 【正确答案】 学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对于规定他做的事有独立的见解。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：tooto结构的用法。 除了用于“too+形容词或副词+to do sth”外，也可用于 “too+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+to do sth”。句末为较长的不定式结构 to allow作结果状语。almosphere 和不定式之间插入的介词短语 with its time tables and disciplines 作状语，根据语义，可以译为汉语的原因状语。 4 【正确答案】 我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些不偏重于某一个课程的“全面发
29、展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和介词短语的译法。 exploration 意为“探测，探索”，这里根据与 academic studies 的搭配，译为“钻研”；all rounder意为“多面手”，根据上下文译为“全面发展的学生”。该句的插入语部分 I believe可放在句子最前面，从而看成“主谓句+宾语从句”的句型，译为：我认为。宾语从句的主干是 Most students would profit by，介词短语 by a year ofstudies 做方式状语，修饰 profit，译为 “通过经过”。句末
30、especially those是从句主语的补语，翻译时可提前跟在主语后。 5 【正确答案】 当然，关于一个人怎样最好地利用大学时间，还有另外一个方面。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：there be 句型。 该句的主干为 There is another side，介词短语 to the question作后置定语，修饰名词 side。其中question 后跟有介词短语 of how to make the best use of ones time at university 作后置定语，说明其具体内容。6 【正确答案】 某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。【试题解析】 本句考查的重
31、点是：表语从句。 该句的主干是 This is the case of the student，who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 student。7 【正确答案】 他一毕业马上就被自己选择的大学录取，再花三四年时间，以优异的成绩获得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切几乎一无所知。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：现在分词和 of 引导宾语从句的译法。 该句的主干为 He is immediately accepted by，and spends his three or four years becoming，其中谓语部分为 and 连接的两个动词短语，前一个是被动语态 is accepte
32、d by，后一个是 spend time doing sth的结构。分词结构 emerging with a firstclass Honour Degree and very little knowledge of作结果状语，由于该部分较长，可单独译成一句。句末名词从句 what the rest of the world is all about 作介词 of 的宾语。8 【正确答案】 因此，有一个问题愈显重要，那就是如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详细的信息和更多的指导。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：形式主语和条件状语从句。 该句的主干是 It
33、therefore becomes more and more important that，其中 it 为形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语。主语从句中嵌套了 if 条件状语从句，主语从句的主干为 there will have to be muchmore detailed information。由于主语从句较长，可以先单独译成一句话。 9 【正确答案】 然而当人们看到那些由无家可归者创建的花园的照片时，人们感到深深地震撼。因为这些花园尽管风格各异，却表现出在装饰和创造性表达之外的多种其他基本需求。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：时间状语从句和 it 作形式主语。 本句的主干为 it
34、strikes one thatthese gardens speak of various other fundamental urges。其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句。句首是 when 引导的时间状语从句。beyond 后的 that 指代的是上文的 diversity。for all 在句中是“尽管”的意思。one 在这里是不定代词，可以译为“人们”，因此本句译为“人们感到深深地震撼”。 10 【正确答案】 一处安静的圣地，不论多么简陋粗糙，终究是人类特有的需求。与此相反，栖身之所则是动物特有的需求。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是让步状语从句和定语从句的
35、译法。 本句的主干为：A sacred place of peaceis a distinctly human need。主谓之间插入了一个 however引导的让步状语从句。as opposed to shelter 后为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 shelter。crude 是“粗糙”的意思，因此句子可以译为“或许可能是简陋的”，可以将 however 移到句首。 11 【正确答案】 无家可归者的花园实际上是“无家之园” ，它将形态引入城市环境之中，在此环境中该形态原本不存在，或严格说来是无法辨识的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是定语从句。 本句的主干是 The ga
36、rdens of the homelessintroduce from into an urban environment。其中，where 引导的是修饰environment 的定语从句，在句子中作地点状语。which are in effect homeless gardens 也是一个定语从句，修饰限定前面的“The gardens of the homeless”。 12 【正确答案】 我们大多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态，并常将此归因于一些心理状况，直到有一天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到这种萎靡状态像变魔术般消失了。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语和时间状语从句。 本句的主干为：mo
37、st of us give into a demoralization of spirit。which we usually blame on somepsychological conditions 紧跟 spirit 之后，是定语从句。until 引导的是时间状语从句，其中 as if 是“好像，正如”的意思。 13 【正确答案】 正是由于这种对自然界或含蓄或明确的参照，才充分证明了用“花园”一词来描述这些人造景观是合理的，虽然这个词在这里是一种灵活的用法。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是强调句。 本句为强调句强调的部分是主语 this implicit or explicit refere
38、nce to nature。主句的谓语部分是 justifies the use of word garden，though in a“liberated“sense 作状语，to describe these synthetic Constructions 作定语，修饰 the use of word garden。 14 【正确答案】 科学家们迅速来救驾，但拿出的证据明显不可靠，其大意是：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。 本句的中心句是 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distin
39、ctly shaky evidence，后面的 that 引导了一个同位语从句。后面 if 引导的条件状语从句是修饰 that 从句的。 15 【正确答案】 但是我们至少近乎承认：不管鸟类对我们有没有经济价值，生存下去都是它们的固有权利。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：介词短语的译法。 此句的主干是 we have drawn near the point。这里有一个介词短语 of admitting that，这是修饰 point的定语。这里 that 从句做 admit 的宾语从句。regardless of 引导让步状语。 16 【正确答案】 有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健
40、康，或者说它们只是捕食“ 没有价值” 的物种。曾经生物学家有点滥用了这条证据。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。 本句的主干是 tilme was，when。这里的 when 引导的是表语从句。Time was when 是一个固定短语，意为“从前，曾经”。这里两个并列同位语从句的翻译也要格外注意，要把语序调整到中文的语序。 17 【正确答案】 在生态林业较为发达的欧洲，人们认为那些非经济树种是当地森林群落的组成部分，因而理应受到保护。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：主动语态和被动语态的转换。 本句的主干是the noncommercial tree species are reco
41、gnized as members of the native forestcommunity，这里的“are recognized”是被动语态，处理被动语态时候注意翻译技巧中主被动的转化。本句的开头是 where 引导的定语从句，to be preserved 用来修饰 non-commercial tree species。within reason 的意思是“合情合理，在情理之中”。 18 【正确答案】 这一体系往往忽视并最终消灭很多陆地生物群落的物种，它们缺乏商业价值，但对整个生物群落的健康运行却至关重要。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句的主干是 It tends to ignore many elements，句中的两个 that 引导的从句在语义上构成转折关系，结构上属于两个并列的定语从句，修饰 the land community。本句还有插入语、定语从句以及代词，在处理翻译时应注意正常的语序。
