1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 22 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 能源危机及影响1991 年英译汉及详解The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be
2、with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.【F1】The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at
3、 the present rate of use.【F2】New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance
4、 cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the worlds population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pa
5、ss six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.【F3】The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estima
6、te supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy mil
7、lion, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.【F4】This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
8、It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be
9、increasing use of flavouring additives.【F5】Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food“.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 男性从事“ 女性” 职业1988 年英译汉及详解Seated behind
10、the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firms newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The company was pleased:【F1】Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David
11、 King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.【F2】Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they havent attracted
12、the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, s
13、ocial work and elementary education. But today no job seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.【F3】These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can dobut they also produce some undeniable problems for th
14、e men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “womens fields“? All kinds.【F4 】“I dont know of any definite answers Id be comfortable with,“ explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont,
15、 for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.【F5】“I found that work very interesting.“ he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical. I wasnt really inte
16、rested in becoming a doctor.“ Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.【F6】In other words, men enter “female“ jobs out of the same consideration for personal intere
17、st and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people
18、with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue. Most men dont want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers. Put simply, these are not
19、generally considered very masculine jobs.【F7】To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,“ recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say A nurse, they laugh at me. I just smile and say, You know, there are female doctors, too.“ Sti
20、ll, there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses. Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.【F8】Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and womenor when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise e
21、yebrows? Its probably comingbut not very soon.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】11 【F6】12 【F7】13 【F8】13 城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题1987 年英译汉及详解Have there always been cities?【F1 】Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primiti
22、ve economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of mans social existence.【F2 】Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor
23、and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment.【 F3】It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been t
24、he areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity.【F4】In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new
25、one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large s
26、uburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town“ and the slums.Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreem
27、ent as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them.【F5】But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communicat
28、ion have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will.【F6】And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this,
29、 however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry?It is probably true to say that most peop
30、le prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do.【F7】To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at l
31、east for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved.【F8 】From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on
32、specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned conceptthe idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.14 【F1】15 【F2】16 【F3】17 【F4】18 【F5】19 【F6】20 【F7】21 【F8】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 22 答案与解析Part CDirectio
33、ns: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 意想不到的是石油供应可能随时会被突然切断；不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需 30 年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：并列句的处理，短语、被动句的译法。 本句由两个并列分句组成：The supply of oil can be shut off，and，the oil wells will all run dry。第一个分句中 unexpe
34、ctedly 和 at any time 为 shut off 的状语；第二个分句中 in thirty years or so 和 atthe present rate of use 为 run dry 的状语。run dry 相当于 become dry。 well 意为“井”。in any case“无论如何”是修饰整个第二个分句的状语。 2 【正确答案】 必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源廉价而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：嵌套式定语从句、嵌套式并列结构的译法。 本句主干是 but 连接的并列分句。在第一个分句中还嵌入一个 and
35、连接的并列句。that will everrestorepast 为定语从句，修饰名词 situation。此定语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句 we have had in thetimes past，修饰先行词 sense。对于此类“从句套从句”的复杂句，翻译时需根据语法分析理清句中各部分的关系，然后用地道的汉语表达进行翻译。切忌过分直译造成修饰成分的堆积，从而使得表达混乱。 3 【正确答案】 食品供应的增加将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：非限制性定语从句的译法。 本句主干为 The food supply will no
36、t increase。其中 enough to结构做结果状语，译为“足以”。whichfood 为非限制性定语从句，句中 which 指代整个主句的内容，因此可以用“这”来重复翻译前文的内容。 4 【正确答案】 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式使投人少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：状语从句中嵌套定语从句的译法。 本句主干为：This will be particularly true。since 引导原因状语从句，其主干是 energy pinch willmake it difficult t
37、o，其中不定式结构 to continue agriculture in the是 it 指代的真正内容。fashion 是动词 make 的真实宾语。high yields 修饰先行词fashion。 5 【正确答案】 除非人类意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品” 。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：时间状语从句、定语从句的译法。 此句的主干为：People will have to accept more“unnatural food”。句首 Until such time asfor all 为时间状语从句，其中 where
38、for all 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the point，where 相当于 in which(thepoint)，译为“到这样的程度”。 6 【正确答案】 显然，他是个对自己的仪表相当自信的人。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：who 引导的定语从句。 该句的主干是 this is a person，who 引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰 person，所以句子主干可译为“他是个的人”。副词 Clearly 放句首，译为“显然，明显地”。take pride in 译为“以为傲”，considerable 是形容词，修饰 pride，意为“相当大的，相当多的”。 7 【正确答案】 正像卡车司
39、机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：主从复合句。 该句的主干为 all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women，主干的前面是 Just as 引导的方式状语从句，译为“正像，正如”。从句和主句的结构是并列的，automatically本意为“自动地，机械地”，在这里和从句中的 necessarily 意思相同，译为“不一定”。 8 【正确答案】 这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女分工的看法，但不可否认，这也给那些进人原先以妇女为主的行业
40、的男性带来一些问题。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：but 连接的两个并列分句。 前一个分句的主干是 These changes are helping to influence some of the longstanding traditions名词短语 the types of work 后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)men and women can do。后一个分句的主干是 they also produce some undeniable problems for the men， who 引导的定语从句作后置定语修饰名词 men。其中 undeniable 意为“不可否
41、认的，无可争辩的”，dominate 意为“在占主要地位”。 9 【正确答案】 我还没有听到任何使我感到满意的确切答案。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：省略关系代词的定语从句。 该句的主干是 I dont know of any definite answers，名词 answers 后接有定语从句 Id becomfortable with，其前省略关系代词 that。其中 definite 译为“确切的，一定的”，be comfortable with 译为 “感到满意的”。本句较为简单，考生容易拿分。 10 【正确答案】 他回忆说：“我觉得医务工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去从事某
42、种医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。我对成为医生不是太感兴趣。”【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：主从复合句。 该句是主从复合句，recalled 引导的宾语从句由直接引语构成，recalled 译为“回忆说”。该从句是 and 连接的两个并列分句：I found that work very interesting andit iust seemed natural for me to。第二个分句中含有 when 引导的时间状语从句，其中 go out of the service 专指“退役”。最后一个独立的句子结构简单，较好翻译。11 【正确答案】 换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的” 工作，其动机
43、是同任何找工作干的人一样既出于个人兴趣，也出于经济需要的考虑。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：介词短语作状语和定语从句。 该句的主干为men enter“female”jobs，介词短语 out of the same consideration for personal interestand economic necessity作状语，表示“出于原因”。that 引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰名词 personal interest and economic necessity。其中 in other words 译为“换句话说”，motivate 是动词，意为“刺激，使有动机”，在这里可
44、以转换为名词词性，译为“动机”。12 【正确答案】 选择这类工作是会惹人嘲笑的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：动词短语和定语从句。 该句的主干为 their work histories differ in most respects from，and they are。其中 workhistories译为“工作经历”；in most respects 是插入语，意为“大多数情况”；differ from意为“与不同”。and 连接的另一个句子中含有 whom 引导的定语从句，with 提前，be in contact with sb意为“与某人接触，与某人有联系”。13 【正确答案】 我们
45、能否预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时，人们不会再感到吃惊。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：when 引导的定语从句。 该句的主干为 Can we anticipate a day，后面是两个 when 引导的从句作后置定语，修饰 a day，具体说明什么样的一天，其中第二个由破折号和并列连词 or 连接。在第一个定语从句中，even 是形容词，意为“平均的，均匀的”；在第二个定语从句中，raise eyebrows 意为“惊讶，吃惊，引人侧目”。 14 【正确答案】 对我们来说，生活中要是缺乏广大的城市区域似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是相对近期才发展起来的
46、。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：but 连接的两个并列分句的译法。 前一个分句的主干是：Lifemay seem inconceivable，其中，介词短语 without large urban areas 作 Life 的后置定语，inconceivable 可译为“不可思议的，不可想象的”。后一个分句是一个主系表结构，表语中心语是名词 development，翻译时可以活译为动词词性。 15 【正确答案】 从历史的角度来看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：which 引导的定语从句的译法。 开头的副词Historically 考生易机械地翻译成“历史地
47、”，在这里可以灵活地加以修饰，译为“从历史的角度来看”。本句的主干为 city life has always been among the elements而elements form acivilization，所以可以合并为 city life has always been among a civilization，即 “城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分”。 16 【正确答案】 如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学、医院、大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会有。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：it 作形式主语。 该句的主干为 It is virtually impossible to im
48、agine that，其中 it 为形式主语，不定式结构 toimagine that是真正的主语，that 引导的从句作 imagine 的宾语。 virtually 译为“事实上，实际上”，可以独立出来，放在译文的句首，come into being 译为“出现，存在，形成”，without cities to support 作状语，翻译成汉语时，放在主干的前面。 17 【正确答案】 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：that 引导的宾语从句和 where 引导的定语从句。however 一词表明本句与上文之间的转折关系。该句的主干为 p
49、eople have begun to become awarethat， that 引导宾语从句。从句的主干为 cities are also areas，在该从句中嵌套了一个由 where 引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 areas。a concentration of 译为“ 的集中、聚集”。 18 【正确答案】 但是，一个最主要的分歧在于，像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：of 引导的介词短语做后置定语。 该句的主干为 But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question，其中 concern 是及物动词，译为“涉及，关系到”。question 由 of 引导的介词短语修饰，说明是什么样的问题。最后是 whether or not 引导的宾语从句作介词 of 的宾语。preserve 是及物动词，译为“保持，保护，维持”。19 【正确答案】 同时也有人反对说，文化方面的进步，始终是以城市为中心向外辐射的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句和定语从句。 该句的主干为 And there is also the objection，that 引导
