1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 28 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 智力测验的初衷及价值1992 年英译汉及详解Intelligence at best is an assumptive constructthe meaning of the word has never been clear.【F1 】There is more agreement on the k
2、inds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An
3、intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed toit was not designed for such purp
4、oses.【F2】To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.【F3】Now since the assessment of intelligence is
5、 a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid“ or “fair“ comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one s best, the knowledge r
6、equired for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.【F4】The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and t
7、he value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test
8、 that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence“.【F5】On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as th
9、e others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 如何充分利用上大学的时间1986 年英译汉及详解It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are goi
10、ng to do afterwards.【F1】If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.【F2 】If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his idea
11、s and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.【F3】Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.【F4】Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such ex
12、ploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadnt
13、 taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldnt have ended up as an interpreter, but its too late now. I couldnt go back and begin all over again.“【F5】There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of ones time at university.【F6】This is the case of the student who exce
14、ls in a particular branch of learning.【F7 】He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.【F8】It therefore becomes mor
15、e and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own s
16、ubject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】11 【F6】12 【F7】13 【F8】13 放慢生活节奏：怎样从里到外生活得更平和、更简单2016 年英译汉及详解Mental health is our birthright.【F1】We dont have to learn
17、how to be healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never
18、 leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.【F2】Our mental health doesnt really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being re
19、stored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteemconfidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our livesthe ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that
20、 things will work out. Its a form of innate or unlearned optimism.【F3】Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problem
21、s, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or rai
22、sing a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.【F4】Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult d
23、ecisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of inte
24、lligent thought.【F5 】As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.14 【F1】15 【F2】16 【F3】17 【F4】18 【F5】18 花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求2013 年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the i
25、ndividuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1 】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strike
26、s one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,“ to borrow a phrase fr
27、om T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Com
28、posure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment.【F3 】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure
29、to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us
30、give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the comp
31、ositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the na
32、tural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.19 【
33、F1】20 【F2】21 【F3】22 【F4】23 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 28 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 人们对智力这个词所指的各种表现意见比较一致而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的看法。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：morethan的译法。 比较的双方是 the agreement on the kinds of behavi
34、our referred to by the terms 和 the agreement onhow to interpret or classify them。其中，referred to by the term 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 behaviour。how to interpret or classify them 为带疑问词的不定式结构，作介词 on 的宾语。 2 【正确答案】 批评智力测试不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能测风速一样。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：不定式的译法。 To criticize it for such failure为句子的主语，is 为句子的
35、谓语。criticizefor直译为“因为批评”，为了更符合汉语的表达习惯可译为“批评的”。it 指上文提到的 intelligence test；such failure 指上文提到的 the failure to measure characterartistic abilities：be comparable to 表示类比，可译为 “类似于，犹如” 。 3 【正确答案】 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的” 或“公平的”比较。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和定语从句的译法。 本句是一个较为复杂的复合句。主句的
36、主干为 we must be sure that，that the scaleprovides acomparison 为 be sure 后接的宾语从句，with which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the scale。原因状语从句的主语是 the assessment of intelligence，谓语是 is，表语是 a comparative matter。 4 【正确答案】 如果从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：固定搭配和定语从句的译法。 本句主干为 The first two must be equal
37、for all，ifbe made 为条件状语从句。 who are beingcompared 为定语从句，修饰先行词 all。be equal for“对是一样的，平等的”；in terms of“就而言根据”。 5 【正确答案】 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定把握的，但前提是必须两个假定成立：这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：only if 引导的条件状语从句的译法。 本句主干为such a conclusion can be drawnbut only ifand only if 为两个
38、并列条件句，表示主句成立必须满足这两个前提。两个条件从句中又分别嵌套了定语从句 with whom he is beingcompared 和 which they possessed，修饰先行词 the others 和information。其中 on the whole 意为“总的来说”；draw a conclusion 意为“得出结论”；with a certain degree of confidence 作状语，意为 “有一定程度的信心”，在本句中可译为“有一定把握”。在第一个 only if 条件句中，有the sameas结构，表示“和一样，和相同”。 6 【正确答案】 如果
39、想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：条件状语从句和 it 作形式主语的用法。 主句为 it is not hard to see，其中 it 为形式主语，不定式结构 to see为真正的主语。该句为主从复合句。句首为 if 引导的条件状语从句， how difficult it isabilities为 see 的宾语从句。其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构 to select the course，过去分词短语 most suited to his interests
40、and abilities 作后置定语，修饰先行词 the course。翻译该从句时应将真正的主语内容译出。 7 【正确答案】 如果一个学生读大学是为了获得对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了拓宽思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，大学是对他有好处的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：不定式作状语的译法。 本句是一个简单的主从复合句。句首为 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句为 he will undoubtedly benefit。条件句的主干为 If a student goes to university，三个并列的不定式结构作目的状语：to acquire，toenlarge，and to le
41、arn。 8 【正确答案】 学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对于规定他做的事有独立的见解。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：tooto结构的用法。 除了用于“too+形容词或副词+to do sth”外，也可用于 “too+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+to do sth”。句末为较长的不定式结构 to allow作结果状语。almosphere 和不定式之间插入的介词短语 with its time tables and disciplines 作状语，根据语义，可以译为汉语的原因状语。 9 【正确答案】 我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些不偏重于某一个课程
42、的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和介词短语的译法。 exploration 意为“探测，探索”，这里根据与 academic studies 的搭配，译为“钻研”；all rounder意为“多面手”，根据上下文译为“全面发展的学生”。该句的插入语部分 I believe可放在句子最前面，从而看成“主谓句+宾语从句”的句型，译为：我认为。宾语从句的主干是 Most students would profit by，介词短语 by a year ofstudies 做方式状语，修饰 profit，译为 “通过经过
43、”。句末 especially those是从句主语的补语，翻译时可提前跟在主语后。 10 【正确答案】 当然，关于一个人怎样最好地利用大学时间，还有另外一个方面。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：there be 句型。 该句的主干为 There is another side，介词短语 to the question作后置定语，修饰名词 side。其中question 后跟有介词短语 of how to make the best use of ones time at university 作后置定语，说明其具体内容。11 【正确答案】 某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。【试题解析】
44、 本句考查的重点是：表语从句。 该句的主干是 This is the case of the student，who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 student。12 【正确答案】 他一毕业马上就被自己选择的大学录取，再花三四年时间，以优异的成绩获得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切几乎一无所知。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：现在分词和 of 引导宾语从句的译法。 该句的主干为 He is immediately accepted by，and spends his three or four years becoming，其中谓语部分为 and 连接的两个动词短语，前一个是被动语态 is
45、 accepted by，后一个是 spend time doing sth的结构。分词结构 emerging with a firstclass Honour Degree and very little knowledge of作结果状语，由于该部分较长，可单独译成一句。句末名词从句 what the rest of the world is all about 作介词 of 的宾语。13 【正确答案】 因此，有一个问题愈显重要，那就是如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详细的信息和更多的指导。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：形式主语和条件状语从句。 该
46、句的主干是 It therefore becomes more and more important that，其中 it 为形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语。主语从句中嵌套了 if 条件状语从句，主语从句的主干为 there will have to be muchmore detailed information。由于主语从句较长，可以先单独译成一句话。 14 【正确答案】 我们的心理健康不是学来的；它是我们生来就有的，正如同我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复断骨一样。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句。第一个分句的主干为：we dont have to learn；第二个分句的主
47、干为：it is built into us in the same way。其中 that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 way。build into 意为“使成为的一部分”，is built into us 即“是我们的一部分”，可灵活译为“我们生来就有的”。15 【正确答案】 心理健康并没有真的离开；宛如云朵后面的太阳，它虽然可能暂离我们的视线，但完全能在转瞬之间重现。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：代词和过去分词的翻译。本句由两个分句构成，分号前为第一个分句，是简单句；分号后为第二个分句，是一个由 but 连接的并列句，句中的 it 指代 our mental health，like th
48、e sun behind a cloud 作状语，表示类比。hidden from view 意为“在视线之外”，活译为“暂离的视线”；in an instant 译为“转瞬之间”。16 【正确答案】 健康的心理让我们在他人遇到困难时心怀同情，遭受苦痛时心怀善意，不论他们是谁(我们)都会心怀无条件的爱。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：条件状语从句和让步状语从句。整句是一个复合句，主干是 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathywith kindnessand with unconditional love。两个 if 引导条件状语
49、从句，no matter 引导让步状语从句，修饰第三个并列分句。with kindness if they are in pain，and with unconditional love no matter who they are 后为省略结构，完整形式为(Mental health allows us to view others)with kindness if they are in pain，(and mental health allows us to view others)with unconditional love no matter who they are。英文中的三个 with 要翻译成排比句式，以便再现原文的形式美， with 为介词，转译为动词“心怀”。17 【正确答案】 尽管心理健康是我们生活的万能良药，但它又再寻常不过，因为你会发现，它一直在那里引领你完成所有艰难的抉择。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：让步状语从句和原因状语从句。句子主干是 it is perfectly ordinary。Although mental health is the cureall fo
