1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 5 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求2013 年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There
2、 is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1 】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens spea
3、k of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,“ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may
4、be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one
5、s relation to ones environment.【F3 】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take t
6、heir stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on so
7、me psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of
8、materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to natu
9、re that fully justifies the use of word “garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取2010 年英译汉及详解One basic
10、 weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these non-econom
11、ic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1 】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if bi
12、rds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the pr
13、esence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “wo
14、rthless“ species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, t
15、o itself.Some species of tree have been “read out of the party“ by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of na
16、tive forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation
17、 based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the bio
18、tic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义2007 年英译汉及详解The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate pro
19、grams in Canadian universities.【F1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing
20、itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which en
21、courages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2 】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment o
22、n the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist s intellectual prepa
23、ration for his or her career.【F3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a ma
24、jor subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories
25、.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.【F5 】While comment and reaction from law
26、yers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 欧洲的电视媒体2005 年英译汉及详解It is not easy to talk about the r
27、ole of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and ones impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has i
28、t served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.【F2】In Europe, as els
29、ewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, onl
30、y the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.【 F3】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European televisio
31、n networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.【F4】Creating a “European identity“ that respects the different cultures and traditions which go
32、 to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choicethat of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different fr
33、om our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the
34、European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.【F5】In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall“and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity“. A unity of objectives that nonethel
35、ess respect the varied peculiarities of each country.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】20 现代政府依赖专家人才2000 年英译汉及详解Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.【F1】Under modern conditions, t
36、his requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.【F2 】Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and
37、that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research
38、 in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects
39、related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.【F3】Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being
40、 exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,【F4】in t
41、he early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up
42、unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.【F5 】Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by
43、 modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.21 【F1】22 【F2】23 【F3】24 【F4】25 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 5 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the f
44、ollowing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 然而当人们看到那些由无家可归者创建的花园的照片时，人们感到深深地震撼。因为这些花园尽管风格各异，却表现出在装饰和创造性表达之外的多种其他基本需求。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：时间状语从句和 it 作形式主语。 本句的主干为 it strikes one thatthese gardens speak of various other fundamental urges。其中 it 为形式主
45、语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句。句首是 when 引导的时间状语从句。beyond 后的 that 指代的是上文的 diversity。for all 在句中是“尽管”的意思。one 在这里是不定代词，可以译为“人们”，因此本句译为“人们感到深深地震撼”。 2 【正确答案】 一处安静的圣地，不论多么简陋粗糙，终究是人类特有的需求。与此相反，栖身之所则是动物特有的需求。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是让步状语从句和定语从句的译法。 本句的主干为：A sacred place of peaceis a distinctly human need。主谓之间插入了一个 however引导的让
46、步状语从句。as opposed to shelter 后为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 shelter。crude 是“粗糙”的意思，因此句子可以译为“或许可能是简陋的”，可以将 however 移到句首。 3 【正确答案】 无家可归者的花园实际上是“无家之园” ，它将形态引入城市环境之中，在此环境中该形态原本不存在，或严格说来是无法辨识的。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是定语从句。 本句的主干是 The gardens of the homelessintroduce from into an urban environment。其中，where 引导的是修饰enviro
47、nment 的定语从句，在句子中作地点状语。which are in effect homeless gardens 也是一个定语从句，修饰限定前面的“The gardens of the homeless”。 4 【正确答案】 我们大多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态，并常将此归因于一些心理状况，直到有一天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到这种萎靡状态像变魔术般消失了。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语和时间状语从句。 本句的主干为：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit。which we usually blame on somepsycholo
48、gical conditions 紧跟 spirit 之后，是定语从句。until 引导的是时间状语从句，其中 as if 是“好像，正如”的意思。 5 【正确答案】 正是由于这种对自然界或含蓄或明确的参照，才充分证明了用“花园”一词来描述这些人造景观是合理的，虽然这个词在这里是一种灵活的用法。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是强调句。 本句为强调句强调的部分是主语 this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的谓语部分是 justifies the use of word garden，though in a“liberated“sense 作
49、状语，to describe these synthetic Constructions 作定语，修饰 the use of word garden。 6 【正确答案】 科学家们迅速来救驾，但拿出的证据明显不可靠，其大意是：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。 本句的中心句是 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence，后面的 that 引导了一个同位语从句。后面 if 引导的条件状语从句是修饰 that 从句的。 7 【正确答案】 但是我们至少近乎承认：不管鸟类对我们有没有经济价值，生存下去都是它们的固有权利。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：介词短语的译法。 此句的主干是 we have drawn near the point。这里有一个介词短语 of admitting that，这是修饰 point的定语。这里 that 从句做 admit 的宾语从句。regardless of 引导让步状语。 8 【正确答案】 有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们只是捕食“ 没有价值” 的物种。曾经生物学家有点滥用了这条证据。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同
