1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 46 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 He is three years senior to me.2 This type of computer is superior to that type.3 There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer
2、than exists in the public mind today.4 There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of.5 What we are doing today is more than donating some money.6 Their action was more than justified.7 He is more brave than wise.8 The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.9 He has no
3、 more than five dollars on him.10 He has not more than five dollars on him.11 Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.12 Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked by rapid change an
4、d growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.13 But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life“, the
5、time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.14 There is a general support for the argument Democrats are beginning to make that priority should be given to improving the ability of the government to prevent the smuggling of weapons of mass destruction into the entr
6、y and to respond effectively should such an attack occur.15 It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.16 People were afraid to leave their houses, for althoug
7、h the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.17 The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third gen
8、eration after the energetic founders.18 In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the mi-crocosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw infere
9、nces by analogy from one to the other.19 And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.20 In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be mo
10、st precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.21 This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.22 Why does cream go bad faster than bu
11、tter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.23 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in built person
12、alities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.24 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a so
13、rt of special training.25 It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter(后者)is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former(前者).考研英语（翻译）模拟试
14、卷 46 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 他比我大三岁。【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 这种电脑比那种电脑要高级。【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 人们不应该像现在这样担心害怕患上癌症。【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案
15、】 他们的行动是完全有理由的。【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 他有勇无谋。【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 他身上仅有 5 美元。【试题解析】 (强调少)【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 他身上带的钱不超过 5 美元。【试题解析】 (强调数额少于 5 美元)【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。【试题解析】 主句为 only recently has literature focused on the role of a f
16、ather；Although引导让步状语从句：only 放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为 literature。【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 电视，这项以更新变革快为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步人一个新时代，一个极为先进尖端和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。【试题解析】 主句为 television is moving into a new era其中 the most和marked by为插入语作定语修饰 television。an era of 是前面的 new era 的同位语；which 引导非限定性定语从句修饰 era。【知识模块】 翻
17、译13 【正确答案】 可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质“预期寿命” ，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。【试题解析】 全句为并列复合句。第一个 it 为形式主语， that 引导着主语从句；第二个 it 也是形式主语代替后面的不定式；the time是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而 time 后面的句子是它的定语从句。句子的层次较多，翻译时需要作必要的调整。【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 人们普遍支持民主党人开始提出的主张，即政府应当优先考虑提高其预防有人把
18、大规模杀伤性武器走私到国内的能力。同时，假如出现类似的袭击，还应当提高政府做出有效应对的能力。【试题解析】 本句的结构为 there be 句型加上三个从句。其中 Democrats为定语从句修饰 argument；that 引导同位语从句说明 argument 的具体内容；should such an attack occur 为虚拟语气，省略了引导词 if，并引起句子倒装。另外，to improving 为介词短语修饰 priority；to prevent 为不定式短语修饰 ability。【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提
19、供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。总之，这个显得越来越重要了。【试题解析】 句子主干为 It becomes important，it 形式主语代替 that 从句；if引导条件状语从句作插入语，翻译时一般要将其提到句首。【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。【试题解析】 此句是由 for 引导的一个并列复合句，共有三层含义，但位置比较特殊。其中结果在前，原因在后，让步从句在句中。翻译时必须按照汉语习惯顺序作必要的调整。【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 这一变化适应了新时代技
20、术的要求，防止了效率下降，而效率下降已使许多老家族公司破产，因为第二、三代继承人已不像公司创立者那样精力充沛。【试题解析】 该句主干为“The change metand prevented。”“that” 后边引导的是一定语从句，作后置定语，修饰“the decline in efficiency”；介词短语“in the second and third generation，”作状语修饰“spoiled”。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 在中世纪，广泛采用类推法的各种论点，这些论点基于下述观念，即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构，整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现，因此，有可能通过类推法做
21、出由此及彼的推断。【试题解析】 句子的主干为 use was made of arguments from analogy。on the belief 是介词短语，作状语。belief 后面有两个以 that 引导的同位语从句：that the universestructure 和 that the microcosmic of parts。so that 引导的是一个状语从句，表结果。【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 而且大量事实证明，自我感观一旦改变，其他一些与新的自我感观相一致的事情就可以轻而易举且毫不费力地完成。【试题解析】 主句为 experiments have shown；
22、动词 shown 后面是一个主从复合句。连词 once 引导的是宾语从句中的状语从句。宾语从句的主句是 other thingsstrain。consistentof self 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 other things，它使宾语从句的主语和系动词分隔开。without strain 是介词短语作状语，意为“毫不费力地”，翻译时要根据汉语习惯将隔开的部分还原出来。【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 一般说来，当要测定的特征能被十分精确地界定时，测试的效果就最佳；反之，如果所要测定和预测的东西得不到明确的界定，那么测试的效果就最差。【试题解析】 本句是由 and 连接的并列结构，每个并
23、列结构中各有一个 when 引导的时间状语从句。在第二个时间状语从句中有一个 what 引导的主语从句。【知识模块】 翻译21 【正确答案】 这是历史上首次出现的一个给人以希望的世界。在这个世界上会诞生一个没有贫困、没有暴力的社会。【试题解析】 句中的定语从句 out of which grows the hope是完全倒装句。主语the hope of a society 和定语 where there will befear 较长，置于动词 grows 之后。由于限制性定语从句 out of which grows thehopeof a society 与主句关系紧密，所以采用融合法将
24、This is the worldof a society 译成一个单句。 where 引导的定语从句太长，可用后置法译成一个单句。【知识模块】 翻译22 【正确答案】 为什么奶酪会比黄油更容易变质?一些研究者认为他们已经找到了答案，并将其归结为食物的构成，不是化学成分这一发现能使有些加工食品不再使用化学防腐剂。【试题解析】 句子主干researchers thinkand it comes down；破折号后面的部分是 answer 的同位语；that could help是 finding 的定语从句。【知识模块】 翻译23 【正确答案】 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置
25、的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，那时数字化时代就来到了。【试题解析】 句子主干为：Children will play with dolls，computerswill be regarded as workmatesrelaxation will be in front of smell television，and digital age will have arrived。其中 equippedwith personality chips 是作定语的分词短语，修饰 dolls。【知识模块】 翻译24 【正确答案】 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。【试题解析】 本句结构为形式主语 it 引导两个由 that 引导的并列主语。【知识模块】 翻译25 【正确答案】 这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理和工作方法上存在多少差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更为精密的仪器，因而在计量上必然比前者准确得多。【试题解析】 本句为 it 引导的一表语从句，表语从句为 not thatbut that 连接的并列复合句，句中后置修饰语较多。【知识模块】 翻译
