1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 49 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the informat
2、ion superhighway to outer space. “The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet.“ Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1 500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tan
3、gled web of the Internet.【F1】Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming
4、 closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today.【F2】We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways.“Cerf said.Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending
5、the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: “We need dreams like this. But I dont know any Martian whom Id like to communicate with through the Internet.“Cerf has been working with NASAs Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratorythe people be
6、hind the recent Mars expeditionto design what he calls an “interplanetary Internet protocol“.【F3】He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay. “This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next
7、 few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now,“ Cerf told the conference, “If we use domain names like Earth or Mars . jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community.“ He added, “【F4】The idea is to take the interplanetary Inter
8、net design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission.“He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. “The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I dont know where were going to
9、have to put it but my guess is that well be going out there some time,“ Cerf said, “【F5】If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the sameit started as pure research but now
10、 it is commercialized.“1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 【F1】For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intol
11、erance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle rac
12、e preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.【F2】Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan
13、essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs motive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well“, says one CEO of a company that owns nine telev
14、ision stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid.【F3
15、】And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them.“Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says a forum member.One of the more controversial methods
16、 advocated is the so-called 10% rule.【F4 】The idea is for public universitieswhich educate three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class.【F5】Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even
17、if they wouldn t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 【F1】One meaning of the Greek word “dran“ is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to acco
18、mplish some purpose. In tragedy his attempt is, in personal terms at least, unsuccessful; in comedy it is successful; in the problem play final accomplishment is often either ambiguous or doubtful.【F2】This action, from the beginning to the end of a movement toward a purposed goal, must also have a m
19、iddle; it must proceed through a number of steps, the succession of incidents which make up the plot. Because the dramatist is concerned with the meaning and logic of events rather than with their casual relationship in time, he will probably select his material and order it on a basis of the operat
20、ion, in human affairs, of laws of cause and effect. It is in this causal relationship of incidents that the element of conflict, present in virtually all plays, appears.The central figure of the playthe protagonistencounters difficulties; his purpose or purposes conflict with events or circumstances
21、, with purposes of other characters in the play, or with cross-purposes which exist within his own thoughts and desires. These difficulties threaten the protagonists accomplishment.【F3】In other words, they present complications, and his success or failure in dealing with these complications determin
22、es the outcome.【F4 】Normally, complications build through the play in order of increasing difficulty: one complication may be added to another, or one may grow out of the solution of a preceding one. At some point in this chain of complication and solution, achieved or attempted, the protagonist per
23、forms an act or makes a decision which irrevocably commits him to a further course, points toward certain general consequences.【F5】This point is usually called the crisis; the complications and solutions which follow work out the logical steps from crisis to final resolution, or denouement.11 【F1】12
24、 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars.【F1】Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms o
25、f pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School
26、Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.【F2
27、】Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy.“Continuing along this path,“ says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“Intellect is resented a
28、s a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic
29、and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.【F3 】Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and
30、 rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children, “【 F4】We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoid
31、s being civilizedgoing to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind.【F5】 Intelligence seeks to g
32、rasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostilit
33、y to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.“16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 49 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 塞尔夫
34、相信很快就可能在绕其他星球比如火星的太空探险中，把实时科学数据传送到因特网上。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 我们将需要星际网关，在这些网关之间会有协议传送数据。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 他相信尽管在干扰和滞后性方面还存在特殊问题，宇航员们仍希望利用因特网。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 其整体构想是利用星际因特网的设计，并使其成为火星探险的基础设施。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 如果你想想 100 年后，在 50 年内纯粹作为研究项目的东西在 100年后完全有可能商业化。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 二十多年来，美国法院一直在限制大学
35、及其他领域里肯定性行动法案的实施。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 如今，约 24 家公司的行政总裁已经决定带头加入这场政治上很具争议的辩论之中。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 为了反击评论家们在法庭上质疑这些策略的非难，这个组织声称它将给予那些由于尝试采取这些策略而被起诉的大学法律援助。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 这项办法将用在培养了美国四分之三的大学毕业生的公立大学中，这些大学将录取在高中毕业班排名前 10的学生。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 即使在现行的全州范围的排名制度下，很多大学并不会减少招收的人数，但这种方法可以使大学招收到一般城市学校中名列前茅的少数
36、民族学生。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 希腊词语“dran”的一个含义是“ 实现” ，而这个含义正是进一步了解戏剧结构的关键所在。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 从戏剧的开始到实现某个有意识的目的的结束，这个情节必定有一个中间过渡。它必须经历几个步骤，即构成这个情节的一系列的事件。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 换句话说，它们使事件变得复杂，而主人公能否成功地处理这些复杂事件决定了戏剧最终的结局。 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 一般而言，戏剧中的复杂事件是按照其困难的程度逐渐累积起来的：一个困难事件也许累加到另一个困难事件之上，或者在前一个困
37、难事件解决之后出现。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 这个点通常被称为危机，接下来出现的复杂问题和解决方法构成了从危机到最后解决危机，即结局的逻辑步骤。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 即使学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 如果不能批判地思考、不能捍卫自己的思想、不能理解他人的思想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。 【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 实用性、常识以及与生俱有的智力这些素质一直被认为比书本里学到的任何东西都高贵。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却什么都不懂。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才智是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、批判和想象。 【知识模块】 翻译
