1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 50 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 The U.S. Secret Service, which studies “targeted violence“, provides insight on the urgency of the need in its 2002 “Safe School Initiative“ report:【F1】Sch
2、ool attacks, instead of being the random impulsive acts of noisy and cruel fellows, are well-planned events mostly carried out by a single studentwho is not evil but mentally ill. Except for being male, the 41 attackers studied fit no profile of family background, race, ethnicity, or even academic p
3、erformance. Many were A and B students. Few had a history of violent or criminal behavior. But their thoughts were of violence, and their behavior was often frightening.【F2 】They frequently expressed violent themes in their writings, in one instance portraying killing and suicide as solutions to fee
4、lings of despair. The criminals often had telegraphed to other students and teachers to express their depression or desperation and either talked about or had attempted suicide. Feelings of persecution by others were common and led to growing resentment and anger.【F3】Psychiatrists and psychologists
5、recognize that these are red flags demanding medical intervention. Yet one of most striking findings in the report was that the vast majority of these students never had a mental-health evaluation. No wonder only 17 percent were diagnosed with a psychiatric illnessit wasnt looked for. That alone poi
6、nts to a huge mental health gap: If the distress of these students didnt trigger medical attention, its unlikely that less severe struggles that are seen in as many as 15 to 20 percent of other students will do so.【F4】Only recently have we learned that these are neurodevelopmental disorders whose ea
7、rly signs might well be picked up in routine podiatric screening. For example, a classic behavior in a child that can precede psychosis later in life is speaking to almost no one, even family, says Nasrallah.Genes are known to confer vulnerability, but equally important is the environment. Stress or
8、 great disappointment can aggravate symptoms; Connecting with an adult in an ongoing relationship can do the opposite. Interventions like social-skills training combined with talk therapy and targeted medication can make a huge difference.【F5】Early treatment can lessen the frequency and intensity of
9、 psychotic episodes, leaving many patients with only the mildest of symptoms. And the younger the brain, the more malleable is. The ultimate goal is to not only modify evaluation of disease but keep it from arising in the first place. This is achievable, and the path to get there is becoming clear.1
10、 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 【F1】With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instr
11、ument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world
12、.【F2】Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of hig
13、her education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds.【F3 】The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object
14、 was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.【F4】For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness,
15、in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even pr
16、odigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice.【F5】And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the
17、apprentice meant standing still, not rising.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 What accounts for the astounding popularity of Dr. Phil McGraw? Why have so many TV viewers and book buyers embraced this tough warrior of a psychologist who tells them to suck it up and deal with their own problems rather
18、 than complaining and blaming everyone else? Obviously,Oprah Winfrey has a lot to do with it. She made him famous with regular appearances on her show, and is co-producing the new “Dr. Phil“ show thats likely to be the hottest new daytime offering this fall. But we decided to put Dr. Phil on the cov
19、er not just because hes a phenomenon.【F1】We think his success may reflect an interesting shift in the American spirit of time. Could it be that we re finally getting tired of the culture of victimology?This is a tricky subject, because there are very sad real victims among us. Men still abuse women
20、in alarming numbers. Racism and discrimination persist in subtle and not-so-subtle forms.【F2】But these days, almost anyone can find a therapist or lawyer to assure them that their professional relationship or health problems arent their fault. As Marc Peyser tells us in his terrific profile of Dr. P
21、hil, the TV suits were initially afraid audiences would be offended by his stern advice to “get real! “ In fact, viewers thirsted for the tough talk. Privately, we all know we have to take responsibility for decisions we control. It may not be revolutionary advice(and may leave out important factors
22、 like unconscious impulses).【F3】But its still an important message with clear echoing as, a year later, we contemplate the personal lessons of September 11.Back at the livestock farmthe one in Crawford, TexasPresident Bush continued to issue mixed signals on Iraq.【F4 】He finally promised to consult
23、allies and Congress before going to war, and signaled an attack isnt coming right now(“Im a patient man“). But so far there has been little consensus-building, even as the administration talks of “regime change“ and positions troops in the gulf. Bushs team also ridiculed the press for giving so much
24、 coverage to the Iraq issue. Defense Secretary Rumsfeld called it a “frenzy“, and Press Secretary Ari Fleischer dismissed it as “self-inflicted silliness“. But as Michael Hirsh notes in our lead story, much of the debate has been inside the Republican Party,【F5 】where important voices of experience
25、argue Bush needs to prepare domestic and world opinion and think through the global consequences before moving forward. With so much at stake, the media shouldnt pay attention? Now whos being silly?11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 As a young bond trader, Buttonwood was given two pieces of advic
26、e, trading rules of thumb, if you will: that bad economic news is good news for bond markets and that every utterance dropping from the lips of Paul Volcker, the then chairman of the Federal Reserve, and the man who restored the central banks credibility by stomping on runaway inflation, should be r
27、espected than Popes orders. Todays traders are, of course, a more sophisticated bunch. But the advice still seems good, apart from two slight drawbacks. The first is that the well-chosen utterances from the present chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, is of more than passing difficulty.【
28、F1 】The second is that, of late, good news for the economy has not seemed to upset bond investors all that much. For all the cheer that has crackled down the wires, the yield on ten-year bondswhich you would expect to rise on good economic newsis now, at 4.2%, only two-fifths of a percentage point h
29、igher than it was at the start of the year. Pretty much unmoved, in other words.Yet the news from the economic front has been better by far than anyone could have expected. On Tuesday November 25th, revised numbers showed that Americas economy grew by an annual 8.2% in the third quarter, a full perc
30、entage point more than originally thought, driven by the ever-spendthrift American consumer and, for once, corporate investment.【 F2】Just about every other piece of information coming out from special sources shows the same strength. New houses are still being built at a fair clip. Exports are risin
31、g, for all the protectionist crying. Even employment, in what had been mocked as a jobless recovery, increased by 125, 000 or thereabouts in September and October.【F3 】Rising corporate profits, low credit spreads and the biggest-ever rally in the junk-bond market do not, on the face of it, suggest a
32、nything other than a deep and long-lasting recovery. Yet Treasury-bond yields have fallen.If the rosy economic backdrop makes this odd, making it doubly odd is an apparent absence of foreign demand Foreign buyers of Treasuries, especially Asian certral banks, who had been swallowing American governm
33、ent debt like there was no tomorrow, seem to have had second thoughts lately.【F4】In September, according to the latest available figures, foreigners bought only $5-6 billion of Treasuries, compared with $ 25.1 billion the previous month and an average of $38.7 billion in the preceding; four months.【
34、F5】In an effort to keep a lid on the yen s rise, the Japanese central bank is still busy buying dollars and parking the money in government debt. Just about everyboby else seems to have been selling.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 50 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text car
35、efully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 校园暴力袭击并不是那些逞勇斗狠的无赖偶然冲动性的行为，而是经过周密计划的事件。大多数校园暴力袭击是由一名学生独立完成的，他不是什么十恶不赦之徒，只是患有精神疾病。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 他们经常写一些以暴力为主题的内容，例如有人就将杀人或自杀描绘为解决绝望感的方法。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 精神病学家和心理学家都意识到，这些值得人们关注的问题需要医疗手段的介入。 【知识模块】 翻译4
36、 【正确答案】 直到近期我们才了解到，有些精神紊乱的早期症状是可以通过定期的儿科排查而检查出来的。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 早期治疗可以减少精神病发病的频率和强度，使很多病人只呈现非常轻微的症状。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 随着 19 世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展和接踵而至的联邦体制的衰退，一种新的教育观念开始浮现出来。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 教育变成了训练，学生也不再是“准绅士” ，而成了一些寻求更高社会地位的职业学徒。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 那些完成大学学业而获得成功的穷孩子的神话驱使数百万的穷孩子们涌入新的大学校园。 【知识
37、模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 对于那些准绅士来说，美德首先包括高雅的风度和作风，及符合自己身份地位的表现；教育仅仅是达到优雅的一种方式。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 绅士的社会地位已经很高，因此不再渴望更高的社会地位，而学徒却一直奋斗努力向上攀登。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 我们认为他的成功可能反映了美国人时代观念的一个有趣的转变。【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 但现如今，几乎每个人都可以找到治疗师或律师来让他们相信职业关系或健康方面的问题都不是自己造成的。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 但当一年后我们再考虑从“911”事件中所带来的经验教
38、训时，这些建议仍然能够给我们重大的启示。 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 他最后答应卷入战争之前会与国会和盟国磋商，并表示不会立刻发动攻击(他说“ 我是一个有耐心的人 ”)。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 党内一些重要的有经验的人士指出，布什在行动前需要考虑国内和世界舆论以及战争对全球的影响。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 第二，最近经济方面的好消息似乎并没有让债券投资者很不安。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 从特殊渠道传出的消息里，每隔一条就呈现这种强劲的增长势头。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 表面上看，公司利润的上升、信贷息差的降低和迄今为止垃圾债券市场中最大的止跌回升，都在暗示全面的、持久的经济复苏。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 根据最新数据显示，九月份外国买家仅仅购买了 56 亿美国国债，与八月份的 251 亿美元和前四个月平均达到的 387 亿美元相比，实在相形见绌。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 为了努力限制日元的升值，日本中央银行仍在忙于购进美元并且把这些钱转为政府债务。 【知识模块】 翻译
