1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 71 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on t
2、he skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2 You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special s
3、kill of their own, they build up their theories.3 It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, applicat
4、ion and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.4 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.5 Arguing from the view that
5、humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.6 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the vari
6、ous branches of historical inquiry.7 In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.8 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population
7、explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.9 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such
8、as attention and memory.10 It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.11 We thus easily get into great difficulties f
9、rom the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.12 Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today s yo
10、ung people, it naturally follows that today s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.13 Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.14 The quick adoption of th
11、e scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.15 We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.16 Consequently, most of
12、the world s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.17 As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of
13、 scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves.18 In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more res
14、istant to quakes.19 For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and selfawareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.20 But for many, the fact that poor peopl
15、e are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.21 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform
16、 of a five- star general.22 Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.23 The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engine
17、ering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school.24 Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.25 Though unemployed
18、longer when seeking work, older women job hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women.26 The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural“ as well as
19、language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not i-dentical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.27 It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that pos
20、es the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.28 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps
21、 other benefits.29 It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.30 T
22、his eye on the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
23、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 71 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 这些预言在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实，取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适用性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。【试题解析】 Howperformance 为主语从句，depends upon 为谓语动词。with which 引导一个定语从句，修饰 skill and wisdom，which 指
24、 skill and wisdom。在本句中 it 指代 information 这一词。【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，而且从某种意义上来说，他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律，用自己的某种专长，建立起他们的理论。【试题解析】 本句是一个由三个 that 引导的宾语从句构成的主从复合句。 it 为形式宾语，代替三个真正的宾语从句，句中有许多介词短语作状语。【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 我认为时机已成熟。就业部和教育部应同大学携起手来，修正我们的教育制度，合理有效地利用学生的才能、勤奋和刻苦。而现在学生的
25、这些才能和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的证书、文凭和学位上。【试题解析】 It seems to me that 为主系表结构，that 实际上引导一个宾语从句。其中 which 引导定语从句修饰 system；being 为分词短语作定语修饰 wealth；最后一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰前面的三个名词。【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。【试题解析】 本句属于比较结构，含有一个比较结构 not so muchas“与其说不如说”。they say 为插入语。through the insights
26、 of great men of genius 和because of more ordinary things 为两个状语。like improved techniques and tools为介词短语作定语，修饰 things。【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 这类极端主义者认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题，因为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同。【试题解析】 现在分词短语 Arguing作原因状语，里面又有一个 that 从句作the view 的同位语，逗号后面的 that 从句是一个宾语从句。【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 所谓方法论是指一般历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各具体领
27、域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。【试题解析】 本题属于复合结构。句子框架是 There is no agreement。whetheror引导的名词从句是 agreement 的同位语。在这个同位语从句中，methodology 后面跟着两个并列谓语，即 refers toor(refers)to。peculiar to historical work 和 appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry 都是形容词短语，分别修饰 concepts 和 research techniques。【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案
28、】 在很大程度上由于女权主义运动的缘故，近年来史学家们将大量的注意力投向更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。【试题解析】 本句结构为：介词短语+主句；主句中有一个局部倒装现象，即将more accurately 提前。【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 由于人口猛增或因现代交通方式的便利而带来的大量人口流动引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。【试题解析】 本题属于简单句。句子框架是 stresses may occur because ofor problems arising from。arising from“ 由引起”，在句中作定语修饰problems。Additional soc
29、ial stresses 不必逐字翻译，可转译成“对社会造成新的压力”。themselves 指 mass migration movements。因此破折号后译成“使这种流动相对容易”。【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 研究学者已经证实，当人们用脑时，大脑中会发生生化反应，使其在注意力和记忆力这样的认知领域运作效率更高。【试题解析】 句子主干：Researchers have established that ；第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 when 引导时间状语从句；第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰changes，it 指代 brain。【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 区
30、分有机体与其周围环境，把作用于有机体的力分为内在的和生物的与外在的和环境的，这似乎非常简单。【试题解析】 句子主干：It seems simple enough toand to；It 为形式主语，两个并列的动词不定式短语作真正的主语；acting on an organism 是分词短语作定语修饰 forces；介词 into 后接两个并列成分 those that，that 从句为定语从句；翻译时可以先译真正主语，后译形式主语部分。【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 有时，我们必须把文化看作人类的一部分，有时，则把它看作环境的一部分，因此很容易陷入困境。【试题解析】 句子主干：We ge
31、t into difficulties from；viewing 后接两个并列的介词短语 as，as【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 既然对英语水平下降的关注并不被看成是每一代都有的现象，而被看成是现在年轻人特有的新现象，很自然，接下来就是责备今天的英语教师没有做好工作。【试题解析】 句子主干：Since(原因状语从句 )，it follows that(主句)；从句中 notbut rather意为“不是而是”；主句中 that 引导宾语从句。【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 假如你违背常规，在电梯中盯着一个陌生人，你会令别人极不舒服，而你自己可能也觉得有点不自在。【试题解析】 句子
32、主句：you will makeand you are likely to feel；从句是省略了 if 的条件状语从句 Should you break the rule，并导致主谓倒装。【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 这一提议很快得到通过，(不是)与其说是出于国家立法者对劳动者的尊敬，(而是) 不如说是因为害怕激起他们的愤怒。【试题解析】 句子主干：The adoption may have indicated less aboutthan about；句中比较结构 lessthan作动词 indicated 的宾语。【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 给我们留下印象最深的是：即便
33、没有告诉那些病人他们的病情有多严重，他们也很清楚其可能的后果。【试题解析】 句子主干：We were impressed by the fact that；that 从句为 fact的同位语，其中 who 引导定语从句修饰 patients。【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 因此，世界上大多数冰箱并不在热带，虽然在那儿它们也许会被证明有用，而是在温度适宜、从气候上看几乎不需要冰箱的富裕国家。【试题解析】 句子主干：most of thefridges are to be found，not inbut in；where they mightprove useful 是定语从句修饰 trop
34、ics，where they are climatically almost unnecessary 是定语从句修饰 wealthy countries，with mild temperatures 是介词短语作定语修饰 wealthy countries。【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 随着机器人的智能提高到与人的智力匹敌的地步，再加上它们的制造费用随规模效益而下降，我们也许可以用机器人来开拓边远地区，其实首先是利用它们对环境的忍耐力，而那些环境对我们自己是有害的。【试题解析】 句子主干：Asand aswe may use them to；两个 as 引导的从句并列作状语；first
35、 on earth through their ability to是介词短语作状语；harmful to ourselves 形容词短语作定语修饰 environments。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 此外，在过去 20 年中对洛杉矶的建设规定所作的修改加强了该城建筑和公路的抗震能力，使其抗震性更强。【试题解析】 句子主干changeshave strengthened the citys building and highways，；madeto the construction codes 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 changes；making them more resi
36、stant toquakes 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明前面的句子。【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 因为所有这些原因，有效率地阅读报纸，也就是说从中得到你需要的信息而不浪费时间，这就要求你改进和应用阅读方法时既要有技巧又要有自觉性。【试题解析】 句子主干：reading newspapersdemands skill and self-wareness； which 引导非限定性定语从句修饰前面的 reading newspapers efficiently；as 引导时间状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 但是对许多人来说，穷人们能够不依靠政府的帮助而养活自己，并且
37、过得和依靠政府的救助时一样好，这本身就是伟大的胜利。【试题解析】 句子主干：the fact thatisa victory；thatwith it 从句是：fact的同位语，其中有一个比较结构 as wellas，it 指代 government aid。【知识模块】 翻译21 【正确答案】 美国人为他们的多样化和个性而自豪，然而没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与推崇的了无论是电梯操作员的制服还是五星上将的制服。【试题解析】 句子主干：Americans are proud of，yet，whether；yet 引导并列句，表转折，其中 few 表示否定，“很少的”，“不多的”；whether 引
38、导状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译22 【正确答案】 最后，别人会给予我们重要的支持，即经济的帮助、物质资源和所需的服务所有这些帮助我们解决和处理问题，从而减轻我们的压力。【试题解析】 句子主干：other people may give us support；破折号之间的部分是 support 的同位语；that 引导定语从句修饰 support。【知识模块】 翻译23 【正确答案】 我没有成为典型的成功学生，这是因为兼顾文科与工科并不像我在上高中时设想的那样容易。【试题解析】 句子主干：The reality thatis that；that has blocked是定语从句修饰 realit
39、y；thatengineering 是表语从句，其中包括 asas 引导的比较状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译24 【正确答案】 回收利用也通过创造就业机会刺激地方经济的发展并减少某些企业的污染和能源成本问题，这些企业可以用从回收品中提炼的原材料生产再生产品。【试题解析】 句子主干：Recycling stimulatesand trims ；that 引导定语从句修饰 industries。两个 by 引导的介词短语作方式状语。【知识模块】 翻译25 【正确答案】 尽管老年妇女找工作用时较长，但是她们拥有一份工作后会干得更久而且缺勤率较低，工作表现无异于男性或年轻女性，甚至还要好，并且更值得信赖
40、，更好学。【试题解析】 句子主干：older women job hunt，hold，perform，areand are；though 引导让步状语，其中省略了 they are；主句中谓语由五个部分并列组成。【知识模块】 翻译26 【正确答案】 关键是这三本辞典都有独特的“文化” 内容和语言学习内容，虽说如此，它们在处理文化因素的方式上却各不相同，这样，要想直截了当地对三者进行比较就不是容易的事情。【试题解析】 第一句主干：the fact is that；第二句主干：the wayis not，identical；that being said 是分词独立主格结构，作让步状语； in w
41、hich 引导定语从句修饰 the way；makingdifficult 是分词短语作状语，其中 difficult 作宾补，between the three 作状语，位置提前。【知识模块】 翻译27 【正确答案】 计算机解决问题和做出决策的能力显示了它的最大潜力，同时，这种能力也为人们预测它对社会的影响带来了最大的困难。【试题解析】 句子主干：It isthat representsand that poses。本句为强调句型，强调主语 thecapacity ofmaking decisions。【知识模块】 翻译28 【正确答案】 与其他违法者不一样的是，计算机罪犯有时逃脱了惩罚，他
42、们不但要求免于起诉，而且还要求给予好的推荐以及或许还有其他方面的好处。其他形式的违法者要么必须逃离到国外，要么畏罪自杀或者进监狱。【试题解析】 主句为 computer criminals escape punishment,其前面为介词短语带一个非限定性定语从句一起作状语，其后面为一分词短语作伴随状语。其中 not only thatbut also that引导两个并列句，作 demand 的宾语。【知识模块】 翻译29 【正确答案】 重要的是，当说话者想再次与听众进行目光交流时，听众此刻要注视着说话者，否则，说话者会以为听众对自己的话不感兴趣，因此他要么会停顿一下，直到目光重新再交流，要
43、么就会结束谈话。【试题解析】 句子主干：It is important that：if they are，the speak assumes thatand eitheror。It 为形式主语，that they be为真正的主语；be looking at 为虚拟语气；when the speaker 为定语从句修饰 moment; if they are为条件状语从句，主句为 the speaker assumes that。【知识模块】 翻译30 【正确答案】 这种着眼于顾客的方法就称之为营销概念，简单地说就是生产商和经销商不是旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品，而是首先努力获悉顾客想买什么，然后再生产这些可用于购买的商品。【试题解析】 句子主干：approach is known as；which means为非限定性定语从句修饰 marketconcept；thatpurchase 为 means 的宾语从句，其中，从句中的主干为 the makers and the dealers endeavor to find out【知识模块】 翻译
