1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 102 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 With the usual flood of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries, there comes a multicultural work force. Along with this diversity comes resentme
2、nt felt by natives in the marketplace. Feelings of antagonism surface when accents are strong or foreign languages are used that some workers cannot understand. There is now a clash of forces in the workplace; the battle is centered around English-only policies. A growing number of workers are alleg
3、ing discrimination on the basis of language.The federal law prohibiting job discrimination comes under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964(Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. National-origin discrimination makes it illeg
4、al to discriminate against an individual because of birthplace, ancestry, culture or linguistic characteristics common to a specific ethnic group. A rule requiring that employees speak only English on the job may violate Title VII unless an employer shows that the requirement is necessary for conduc
5、ting the business. If the employer believes such a rule is necessary, employees must be informed of when English is required and the consequences for violating the rule.Donna Fernandez, language rights attorney at the Employment Law Center of San Francisco, finds that language discrimination is very
6、 prevalent in the workplace. Fernandez states that the biases may include “English-only policies when the employees primary language is other than English“ or “some people may be treated differently because they speak with an accent.“It is illegal for an employer to discriminate against an employee
7、because of language. However, the increase in language discrimination suits indicates that employers are treating employees speaking with an accent or in a foreign language differently. “Many companies dont know they are breaking the law with the English-only policies,“ says Fernandez. The law in th
8、is area is still developing and many courts consider these policies to be a form of discrimination on the basis of race or national origin.(National origin refers to the country that a person, or that persons ancestors, came from.)Employees can challenge a speak-English-only policy if: the rule is a
9、pplied to employees who speak no English; they have difficulty speaking English; or the policy creates, or is part of, a work environment that is hostile toward national origin minority employees. An employer must show some “business necessity“ for the policy. Even if there is a business need, the p
10、olicy is still illegal if there are less discriminatory alternatives to the policy.Sibylle Gruber, assistant professor of English at Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Ariz., finds that employees may feel they are viewed as less intelligent if they cannot speak English perfectly. “Workers may m
11、iss out on promotions to positions of authority if they cant express themselves or communicate clearly,“ says Gruber. Often, there are subtle prejudices against some accents more than others. Speaking with a French or British accent is less frowned upon than a Spanish or Vietnamese accent. By not pr
12、omoting employees because of an accent or language bias, a ghetto effect is created in the work force, keeping certain accents and immigrants in low-level positions.1 The first paragraph tells us that_.（A）with the increased flow of immigrant workers, the number of language discrimination cases has i
13、ncreased also（B） immigrant workers may feel resentful towards workers with native English skills（C） native English speakers may feel hostile towards co-workers who use other languages on the job（D）in a culturally diverse workforce, some tension between different groups is inevitable2 From the text w
14、e learn that national origin discrimination legislation makes it illegal to_.（A）treat a worker with hostility because of their economic background（B） discriminate against a job applicant because of their parents religious practices（C） enforce English-only policies at work or school（D）terminate a wor
15、kers employment because he speaks with an accent3 According to the author, language discrimination lawsuits are_.（A）widespread in todays workplace（B） a surprise to most companies involved（C） growing in number（D）indicative of the need to develop stronger laws4 This text is mainly about_.（A）increased
16、tension between native workers and immigrant workers（B） language discrimination in the workplace（C） legal repercussions of English-only policies at work（D）challenges that face immigrant workers5 The last paragraph implies that immigrant workers may face biases in job promotions because_.（A）their use
17、 of languages other than English antagonizes fellow workers（B） they are made to feel less intelligent than native workers（C） management-level positions tend to give to employees with good English skills（D）workers who cannot express themselves clearly are rarely promoted5 Never mind the tsunami devas
18、tation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than befo
19、re disaster struck.“This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange,“ said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. “It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity.“It is still
20、too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.“Tourism and travel no
21、w seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort,“ said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, “It was almost as if people who stayed away after
22、 the bomb attack then decided to come back twice.“Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left mor
23、e than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002.
24、Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number
25、 of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the
26、 island in larger numbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends 600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden.6 The examples that the author has listed in the text exclude_.（A）London suicide bombing（B） earthquake in Sri
27、 Lanka（C） Bali bombings（D）tsunami devastation in Thailand7 On which of the following would Ufi Ibrahim most probably agree?（A）The notion that any publicity is good publicity has gained currency.（B） The main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination.（C） After some event, tourism ten
28、ds to recover soon rather than collapsing.（D）Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination.8 Which of the following is true in Bali bombings case?（A）Visitors to Bali bounced back immediately after the bombings.（B） The Swedes who died in the bombings outnumber any other nationalities.（C） Jus
29、t in 2 years, the number of Australian visitors to Bali has reached its peak.（D）Not all the victims in the bombings are westerners.9 The text intends to tell us that_.（A）the apparent threats to travelers have increased（B） travelers are seeking destinations that are perceived as more dangerous（C） Des
30、pite disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home（D）increasing disasters should capture our enough attention on climate change10 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）After Disaster, Tourisms Quick Rally（B） Climate Change and Last Years
31、Disasters（C） People Are No Longer Afraid（D）Inclination For Dangerous Destination10 For many years, colleges and universities across the United States have sought to increase the numbers of African American, Hispanic and Native American students who pursue scientific careers. Yet the College Board re
32、ported in 1999 that underrepresentation of minority students had become even “more intractable“.African Americans now constitute 12 percent of the U.S. population yet earned only one percent of the doctorates in 1997. Hispanics make up 11 percent of the population but earned 0.9 percent of the 1997
33、doctorates. Although the numbers of African American and Hispanic students earning bachelors degrees in 19961997 hit an all-time high, there was a decline in those entering graduate school, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Native Americans also remain underrepres
34、ented in the sciences.Despite the best of intentions, many programs designed to prepare minority undergraduates for advanced scientific training have had uneven results. Some have been unclear about whether their goal is to produce scientists or just to help minority students graduate. Others have b
35、een inadequately funded or lacked institutional commitment; many have never been evaluated rigorously.Some programs do succeed in helping minority students graduate and pursue scientific careers. Examples include programs at Xavier University of Louisiana, the University of California, Berkeley, and
36、 the University of Maryland, Baltimore County(UMBC). Although different in important respects, these programs share key features, such as clearly articulated objectives, strong institutional commitment, effective mentors and an emphasis on building community among participants.All are being carried
37、out in a legal environment that has become increasingly complex. The University of California, for example, now operates under a state law that forbids using state funds for special programs for minority students. In other states, court cases have led colleges and universities to redesign or even dr
38、op such programs. HHMI has assisted thousands of minority students through its undergraduate biological sciences education program by awarding more than $476 million to 232 colleges and universities. In 1998, it began requiring its grantees to certify that they are complying with all relevant laws i
39、n the conduct of these programs.Eugene Cota-Robles, cochair of the task force that commissioned the College Board report, says colleges and universities must do more to help minority students become scientific leaders. “Up to now, everyone working on the pipeline approach has been thinking that brin
40、ging more students into college would solve the problem,“ he says. Cota-Robles, a professor emeritus of biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, calls for more effort to help minority students move beyond the bachelors degree.11 The word “intractable“(line 4, para. 1)most likely means “_
41、“.（A）disturbing（B） unfavorable（C） infuriating（D）insoluble12 The number of African-American and Hispanic students entering graduate programs in science_.（A）was at an all-time high in 19961997（B） is about the same as those earning undergraduate degrees in science（C） is not proportional to their repres
42、entation in the population（D）is comparable to figures for Native American students13 According to the text, most programs intended to help minority students pursue further scientific training_.（A）are not properly evaluated（B） struggle with insufficiency（C） have mixed results（D）are surprisingly succe
43、ssful14 We can infer from the fifth paragraph that_.（A）the University of California program is run in violation of federal law（B） in 1998, the HHMI awarded significantly fewer grants than it had in the past（C） legal battles have forced the closure of some programs designed to help minority students（
44、D）the HHMI has supported thousands of students through individual scholarships15 This text is mainly about_.（A）the status of minorities in scientific research（B） efforts to help underrepresented minority students pursue careers in science（C） legal obstacles to minority students completing graduate s
45、tudies in science（D）government efforts to increase minority representation in science15 Throughout the twentieth century, from 1900 onwards, people have dreamt of the technological advances that the advent of the new millennium would bring. They envisioned a world of flying cars, where high-tech gad
46、gets were a part of every aspect of life. The year 2000 has now come and gone and, while flying cars are still left to the realm of the imagination, the infusion of technology into all areas of life has indeed become a reality.Leading the technological change is the ever-present computer. In the Uni
47、ted States, fully one-half of all households are connected to the Internet, and the pace is rapidly increasing, with 700 more households becoming connected every hour. The computer industry has produced over one million new jobs, spurring rapid, unprecedented growth in economic output and prosperity
48、. The growing effects of computers on business go even deeper, however. In 1999, 27% of companies monitored their employees, email activities in some form, and by 2000 the number had grown to 38.2%, indicating the growing importance of electronic communication in business. The younger generations ar
49、e becoming indoctrinated into the computer culture as well: In the United States alone, 424 million educational CD-ROMs were purchased, making computers and other forms of high-technology integral elements in the education system.In 1990, 20% of the average companys business investment expenditures consisted of computers and other high-tech equipment; By 1998 the figure had grown to 40% of total business investment expenditures, and the figure is only expected to grow in the future. The technological revolution
