1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 11 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Relationship Between Dinesaurs and BirdsThe once radical notion that birds descended from dinosaursor may even be dinosaurs, the only living branch o
2、f the family that ruled the earth eons agohas got stronger and stronger since paleontologists first started taking it seriously a couple of decades ago. Remarkable similarities in bone structure between dines and birds were the first clue. Then came evidence, thanks to a series of astonishing discov
3、eries in Chinas Liaoning province over the past five years, that some dinosaurs may have borne feathers. But a few scientists still argued that the link was weak; the bone similarities could be a coincidence, they said. And maybe those primitive structures visible in some fossils were feathers, but
4、maybe not. You had to use your imagination to see them.Not anymore. A spectacularly preserved fossil of a juvenile dinosaur announced by a team of paleontologists from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and New York Citys American Museum of Natural History in the latest issue of Nature, is a
5、bout as good a missing link as anyone could want.“It has things that are undeniably feathers,“ exults Richard Prum, of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum, an expert on the evolution of feathers. “But it is clearly a small, vicious theropod similar to the velo-ciraptors that chased the k
6、ids around the kitchen in Jurassic Park.“The find helps cement the dinosaur-bird connection, but it also casts new light on the mystery of why nature invented feathers in the first place. For the better part of a century, biologists have assumed that these specialized structures evolved for flight,
7、but thats clearly not true. “The feathers on these dinosaurs arent flight-worthy, and the animals couldnt fly,“ says paleontologist Kevin Padian, of the University of California, Berkeley. “Theyre too big, and they dont have wings.“ So what was the original purpose of feathers? Nobody knows for sure
8、; they might have been useful for keeping dines dry. distracting predators or attracting mates, as peacocks do today.But many biologists suspect that feathers originally arose to keep dinosaurs warm. The bone structure of dinosaurs shows that, unlike modem reptiles, they grew as fast as birds and ma
9、mmalswhich dovetails with a growing body of evidence that dines were, in fact, warm-blooded. Says Padian: “They must have had a high basal metabolic rate to grow that fast. And I wouldnt be surprised if they had some sort of skin covering for insulation when they were small.“ Says Norell. “Even baby
10、 tyrannosaurs probably looked like this one.“At the rate feathered dinosaurs are turning up, it shouldnt take long to solidify scientists understanding of precisely how and why feathers first arose and when the first birdlike creature realized they were useful for flight. Meanwhile, kids had better
11、get used to the idea that T-rex may have started life looking an awful lot like Tweety Bird.1 We learn from the beginning of the passage that_.（A）scientists are split as to whether birds descended from dinosaurs（B） the bone similarities between birds and dinosaurs are a coincidence（C） fossils have p
12、roven that birds evolved from dinosaurs（D）the idea that birds are connected with dinosaurs has always been taken seriously2 Speaking of the recently-announced fossil of a juvenile dinosaur, the author implies that _.（A）it shows vividly how dinosaur flies（B） it brings new mystery to paleontologists（C
13、） it further proves the link between birds and dinosaurs（D）it solves the puzzle of birds evolution3 In the view of Kevin Padian, the feathers on those dinosaurs_.（A）were of no practical value（B） were useful for flight（C） could protect dinosaurs from their natural enemy（D）were good for insulation4 Th
14、e original purpose of feather was_.（A）to help dinosaurs fly（B） to keep dinosaurs warm（C） to distract predators（D）a mystery5 We learn from the last paragraph that_.（A）a baby dinosaur looks like a bird（B） T-rex is a kind of dinosaur figure familiar to kids（C） living feathered dinosaurs can still be fo
15、und in certain parts of the world（D）scientists understand precisely how and why feathers first arose5 The Online Autocar Rents TrafficWhen eBay, now the worlds biggest auction website, went online in 1995, many expected it to fail. Why would anyone buy used items from perfect strangers? Two new serv
16、ices WhipCar, which was launched in London on April 21st, and RelayRides, which will start up in Boston, Massachusetts, early this summer will face similar skepticism. Both aim to get car-owners to rent their vehicles to strangers when not using them themselves.At heart, both offerings are online ex
17、changes. Car-owners and drivers register, contact one another through the site and agree to a rental contract. To ensure that both parties are trustworthy, WhipCar asks, among other things, for details of both the rented cars registration and the renters license, and checks them against official dat
18、a. It also provides insurance for the duration of the rental and a replacement car if there is an accident. In addition to these measures, RelayRides only accepts cars that have gone through a safety check and installs a device that allows them to be unlocked with a special card. This way, owners an
19、d renters do not have to meet, as they do with WhipCar.Both firms allow owners to set the price, taking a 15% cut. Even with the insurance premium and other fees added in, the firms expect the rental price to be lower than using a conventional car-rental firm or an urban car-sharing club. WhipCar pr
20、ovides suggestions for the prices different cars might fetch in various neighborhoods. Shortly after the site went live an Audi A4 in central London cost 10 ($ 15) an hour or 41 a day.Will the idea take off? The main hurdle will be car-owners reluctance to share so personal a possession and the requ
21、irement to keep it clean. The firms must also overcome a problem all exchanges face: attracting enough members to make the service useful.Yet cars are expensive, underused assets. On average, a British car is driven for less than an hour a day but costs about 5, 500 a year to owna sum many would lov
22、e to reduce in these straitened times. Drivers, for their part, are ever more willing to share a car. By 2016 some 4. 4 million Americans will he members of a car-sharing club, nearly ten times as many as today, projects Frost some parents are worried that it hurts high-achieving students chances of
23、 getting over the bar, while forcing colleges and universities to rely on perhaps less reliable or easily gauged measures or on standardized tests I ike the ACT or SAT.“It makes it a little more opaque for us on the admissions side, but we fully understand it,“ said Jim Miller, director of admission
24、s at Brown University. “Its conceivable a student could get a B in gym and get knocked down 40 places in rank. So were getting more used to it, and probably half our applicants now come from schools that dont have rank. You just have to ascertain, through student profiles and other means, the streng
25、th of a schedule and student performance relative to other students.“16 From the first paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）the stop of ranking system has proceeded all around the country（B） the Naperville school is the first one that abandoned ranking（C） the purpose of stopping ranking is to create fai
26、r competition（D）many of the schools in America refuse to abandon ranking17 What is the main function of the class ranking system according to the passage?（A）To create a competitive environment for students.（B） To drive all the students to study harder.（C） To realize the purpose of higher education.（
27、D）To help select the best students for colleges.18 According to Dr. Scott Hunter_.（A）fighting between parents and students would cause damage to the students（B） class ranking system will cause damage to students who rank low（C） because of ranking some students dont shine until they enter into adulth
28、ood（D）most of the students who do not rank high might be ignored all their life19 Those who disagree with stopping ranking system think that_.（A）standardized tests would get more and more popular（B） high-achieving students would be affected greatly（C） it would be difficult for colleges to find the b
29、est students（D）ranking system caters to the requirement of higher education20 What does Jim Miller imply by saying “Its conceivable a student could get a B in gym and get knocked down 40 places in rank“ (Line 46, Para. 5)?（A）The scores of a student might be unstable.（B） The stopping of ranking is un
30、derstandable.（C） Gym score is important for ones ranking.（D）Ones ranking may be affected greatly if getting a B.20 The Documentary Film “An Inconvenient Truth“Ever since “An Inconvenient Truth“, Al Gore has been the darling of those who advocate protecting environment, but that movie hardly made him
31、 closer to the animal rights folks. According to them, the most inconvenient truth of all is that raising animals for meat contributes more to global warming than all the sport vehicles combined.Now the biggest animal rights groups have accepted a belief that eating meat is worse for the environment
32、 than driving. They and smaller groups have started advertising campaigns that try to make vegetarianism equal to limiting greenhouse gases. Some opposite idea against this opinion is inevitable , the groups acknowledge, but they do have scientific evidences. In late November, the United Nations Foo
33、d and Agriculture Organization issued a report stating that the livestock business generates more greenhouse gas than all forms of transportation combined.When that report came out, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and other groups expected those environment protectors to immediate
34、ly hop on the “ Go Veggie!“ wagon, but that did not happen. So the animal rights groups began to act. PETA made a model with a driver in a chicken suit and a banner proclaiming meat as the top cause of global warming, and it would soon distribute fly sheets that highlight the impact of eating meat o
35、n global warming.The society is not only concerned with what happens to domestic animals, but also with preventing the death that global warming could cause to polar bears, seals and other wildlife. The global warming has become an animal welfare issue.Some people argued that people like Al Goreor e
36、nvironmental groups with deeper pockets than hishave not stepped up to the plate. “ Al Gore calls global warming a critical risk to humanity, yet it hasnt prompted him to change his diet or even mention avoiding eating meat,“ they complained. And maybe the environment protectors will recognize that
37、its a lot easier to ask people to put in a fluorescent light bulb than to learn to cook with tofu.21 What is the “An Inconvenient Truth“?（A）It is a big lie told by Al Gore.（B） It is a truth which is incredible.（C） It is a movie in which Gore delivers a speech.（D）It is an imaginary story told by Gore
38、.22 Why didnt the animal rights groups support Al Gore?（A）Because Al Gore was the leader of environmental protectors.（B） Because Al Gore didnt tell the main cause of global warming.（C） Because Al Gore just played a role in a movie.（D）Because Al Gore didnt focus on the importance of cars.23 Which of
39、the following statements is true according to Para. 2?（A）It is a truth that eating meat has the worst influence on the environment.（B） The animal rights groups try to publicize the benefits of vegetarianism to nature.（C） Vegetarianism is a way of protecting the environment from global warming.（D）The
40、 FAO suggested that the livestock business should be stopped for nature.24 What did PETA do to promote vegetarianism according to Para. 3?（A）It was happy to see environmental protectors become vegetarians.（B） It did everything possible to protect the earth with environmental protectors.（C） Its membe
41、rs felt bad and did nothing because their hopes were broken.（D）It illustrated the influence of eating meat on environment by itself.25 What may happen in the future?（A）All the environmental protectors will begin to stop eating meat.（B） Al Gore will stop eating meat because of the natural risk.（C） Pe
42、ople will go to work on foot instead of by car.（D）More people prefer using a fluorescent light bulb to eating tofu.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 11 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章开头用“me
43、once radical notion”来说明这个观点曾经被视为极端学说，接着在下文中作者写道：“But a few scientists still argued that the link was weak”。由此可见对于鸟类是否起源于恐龙，科学家们有不同的看法。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。从文章第二段作者对这块化石的介绍“is about as good a missing link as anyone could want”到第三段第一行“the find helps cement the dinosaur-bird connection”可以看出这
44、块化石进一步证实了鸟类和恐龙之间的联系。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。文章第三段 Kevin 分析了羽毛不可能用于飞行的一些理由，接着在第四段里说“I wouldnt be surprised if they had some sort of skin covering for insulation”。可见， Kevin 认为这些羽毛可能用于给幼年或年轻的恐龙保暖的。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。可以从原文第三段中“So what was the original purpose of feathers? Nobody kno
45、ws for sure”看出对于羽毛最初的功能，人们只能猜想，并没有确切的答案。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。本文全文都在讲鸟类与恐龙之间的关系，并在最后一段预测随着越来越多长羽毛的恐龙的化石的出现，科学家们将能够了解第一个像鸟一样的生物何时知道羽毛可用于飞翔的。然后作者说孩子们最好习惯 Trex may have started life looking an awful lot like Tweety Bird 这样的想法。显然，Trex应该是一个恐龙，而且既然要让孩子们习惯恐龙长得像小鸟，那么显然孩子们是熟悉 T rex 这个形象的。【知识模块】 阅读【
46、知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干关键词，eBay，WhipCar，RelayRides 定位到原文首段和第二段：第一段第一句提到 eBay 是网上拍卖交易： When eBay，now the worlds biggest auction website，第二段提到 WhipCar 和RelayRides 提供租赁服务：At heart ，both offerings are online exchanges故选C项。A项“它们服务的可行性都受到质疑 ”，B 项“三者都是中介性质”和D项“三者都通过网络进行”均是其共同点。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】
47、 A【试题解析】 语义分析题。根据题干关键词 WhipCar，guarantee，reliability 定位到第二段第三句：To ensure that both parties are trustworthy，WhipCar asks，among other things，for details of both the rented cars registration and the renters license，and checks them against official data为确保双方都值得信赖，WhipCar 还要求提供出租汽车的注册详情和租借人的驾驶执照，并将其信息与官方
48、数据进行核对。由此可知，确保双方身份的真实性是最必不可少的一步，故选A项。B项“让双方签一份汽车共享公司拟定的合同”，C 项“索要租赁双方的详细信息”D项 “确保双方对彼此都满意 ”，均不是确保双方可信度最重要的部分。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义分析题。根据题干关键词 Compare，WhipCar ，RelayRides定位到原文第二段和第三段。第二段倒数第二句提到：In addition to these measures，RelayRides only accepts cars that have gone through a safety check and
49、 installs a device that allows them to be unlocked with a special card除了这些措施外，RelayRides 只认可那些已通过安全检查的汽车，并且给这些租借汽车安装了一个用专用卡才能开启的装置。由此可知，RelayRides 对汽车的安全要求比较严格，故选B 项。A 项“让车主决定租赁者 ”，文中未提；C 项“价位更低”，文中未对比两公司的价位高低，但两公司的价位比传统的租赁公司价位低；D项“提供的服务更多”，文中未提。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干关键词 barrier，car-sharing 定位到原文第四段第二句：The main hurdle will be car owners reluctance to share so personal a possession and the requirement to keep it clean其主要障碍是车主们不愿共用这种私人财产，且常常被
