1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 126 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 School-age children should participate in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily, according to an expert panel. “The take-ho
2、me message for parents is that it is very important to ensure that their children spend at least an hour a day in some form of appropriate physical activity,“ says Dr. William B. Strong, a pediatric cardiologist and retired professor at the Medical College of Georgia who co-chaired the panel.“The im
3、portant thing is we have to get American children and adolescents active,“ says co-chair Dr. Robert M. Malina, research professor and an expert in growth and development at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas. “The evidence is very clear that physical activity has decreased dramatically
4、 in the last 10 to 20 years,“ Dr. Malina says as the technology revolution of the 1980s produced more sedentary options for children while their caloric intake has essentially remained the same.“Our children are just not burning up those calories today,“ Dr. Malina says of the obesity epidemic in ch
5、ildren. “All of us need to help children increase the amount of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. This means that parents, coaches, teachers and others who influence youngsters need to become active role models and get children involved with regular participation in physical acti
6、vity.“Increasing the level of habitual moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in youth is a health promotion and a disease prevention strategy,“ the panelists conclude. Restoration of physical education and other schooland communitybased programs could contribute mightily to that strategy,
7、 they say.Recommendations of the 13-member panel are published in the June issue of The Journal of Pediatrics. Panelists were convened by the Constella Group, Inc., a professional health services company headquartered in Durham, N.C., contracted by the Divisions of Nutrition and Physical Activity an
8、d Adolescent and School Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.“We were asked to review the literature and find evidence of the impact of physical activity on the health and well-being of children and to make recommendations based on the evidence, not just on what we all believe to
9、 be beneficial,“ says Dr. Strong, Charbonnier Professor Emeritus at MCG and founding director of MCGs Georgia Prevention Institute, where researchers are exploring issues such as the impact of activity on childrens weight and cardiovascular health.1 According to Dr. Malina, the decrease in physical
10、activity amongst young Americans is mainly due to_.（A）a lack of physical education（B） an unhealthy diet（C） a lack of opportunities for physical exercise（D）the fact there are more opportunities for them not to exercise2 Which of these is NOT a recommendation of the expert panel mentioned in the text?
11、（A）Children should eat fewer calories.（B） Children should exercise more at school.（C） Parents should encourage their children to exercise.（D）Sports programmes for young people that were cut should be reintroduced.3 According to the text, besides promoting health, increasing the amount of physical ac
12、tivity in youth can also_.（A）lessen the effects of depression（B） educate the youth（C） reduce illness among the youth（D）restore physical education4 The panel was organized in order to_.（A）discover new evidence regarding the health of young Americans（B） discover why young Americans dont do enough exer
13、cise（C） review previous studies and see how health and exercise are related（D）review previous studies and ascertain how to help young Americans get fit5 We can learn from the text that_.（A）a variety of people have a role to play in ensuring that kids exercise more often（B） physical activity is likel
14、y to increase in the coming years（C） children exercise less and eat more than they used to（D）few people understand the importance of appropriate physical activity to their children5 Raos, the legendary east Harlem Italian eatery, is more than a hundred blocks above Wall Street. But with a clientele
15、that includes some of corporate Americas leading lights, big business is never far away. Consider the table hosted one night last year by Raos regular, Richard(Bo)Dietlhe was joined by General Electrics CEO Jeffrey Immelt, NBC chairman Bob Wright and Law & Order creator Dick Wolf. Wolf was just ente
16、ring negotiations for a new contract for Law & Order to keep running on GE-owned NBC. No one signed any contracts or haggled over figures that night. But not long after, NBC announced it would broadcast Law & Order through 2008. Wolf says now that Dietls dinner at Raos was key to smoothing out the n
17、egotiations: “It was enormously helpful for him to get us all together in that setting.“With his just-published book, Business Lunchatations, Dietl hopes to launch himself as the authority on how everyone can sharpen his networking and social skills.In his $7,000 Italian suits, Dietl tells tales of
18、his adventures with the rich and famous: golfing with former GE chairman Jack Welch, fly-fishing with former PepsiCo chairman Roger Enrico, dining a deux with Viacoms Sumner Redstone or comparing notes on private jets with his pal Donald Trump. Dietl says hes earned these mens trust by making it cle
19、ar he wants nothing more than to show them a good time and share a good laugh. “You dont do this thinking, Oh, what business can I get out ofem?“ he says. “You do it for sheer friendship. And then the good things just come out.“ Corporate brass say they appreciate the soft sell. “Bos a guy you want
20、to do a favor for,“ says Welch, “because you know hell do a favor for you.“In his book, of course, Dietl urges readers to do more than just be nice to strangers and wait for good karma. Networking tips range from how to listen and ask questions in conversations with strangerseye contact, upright pos
21、ture and clarifying questions are muststo practical pointers like “keep going back to the buffet“(to increase the number of contacts at a crowded event)and “wear an original accessory“(to ensure sticking out in a new acquaintances mind). Still, Dietl says the most commonly missed secret of networkin
22、g is starting with the human touch. “If theres going to be business, possibly there could be business,“ he says. “But its gotta start out from the friendship side.“6 Wolf has come to believe that the reason Law & Order was extended to 2008 was_.（A）the Italian food（B） they didnt have to go far from W
23、allstreet to get to Raos（C） they didnt haggle over dinner（D）Dielts get-together7 By referring to Dietls book, the author intends to show_.（A）Bos intelligence（B） Richards charm（C） Mr. Dietls fame（D）Mr. Dietls authority8 It is implied that you can improve your networking skills by_.（A）having adventure
24、s with the rich and famous（B） wearing expensive suits（C） doing favors and laughing（D）being friendly9 Dietl concludes that the most important thing to do is to_.（A）keep going back to the buffet（B） begin with friendship（C） touch people（D）keep in touch with contacts10 The best title for this text might
25、 be_.（A）Adventures with the Rich and Famous（B） Favors Received（C） Meet Me for Lunchatation（D）Good Times and Laughter10 In this hypercompetitive economy, the old rules for managing just dont cut it. What counts now is innovative thinkingat a time when bosses are being critiqued more than ever before.
26、 Ideas matter. These New Thinkers are leading industries in whole new directions. The most famous of these New Thinkers have already created iconic New Economy businesseseBay and AOLand now theyve begun innovative second acts.These New Thinkers are part of the first generation raised in an era in wh
27、ich leadership has been taught as an academic discipline. From executive coaches to MBA courses to acres of shelves in libraries, theres nearly as much advice today on how to improve your leadership skills as your sex life. But all this advice raises a question: has the burgeoning be-a-better-boss i
28、ndustry actually produced . better leaders?The answer is yes, to a degree. First, the increased attention on bosses people skills has led to less tolerance(by boards, shareholders and employees)for bad leadership than in the past. Second, managers are proving more able to jump between industries tod
29、ay. Another factor: while in the past aspiring leaders mostly tried to emulate good managers, today theres newfound interest in learning from managerial train wrecks, like Howell Raines at The New York Times. And as power has flowed downward in organizationsdriven not just by benevolent bosses, but
30、also by technology like blogs that make organizations more transparentthe pressure on leaders to act appropriately will only grow.Among younger workers, theres also more recognition that leadership isnt simply a function of job title. When todays young people name the leaders they admire, they list
31、people like Steve Jobs, Oprah Winfrey and the founders of Googlerarely does a Fortune 500 boss show up(and politicians are even rarer). People in their 20s and 30s were raised in a time of wider options. Many realize that today the best way to become a leader isnt to spend 20 years slogging upward a
32、t a corporate behemothits to strike out and start your own gig, which youll lead from day one.You can make an argument that societys focus on leadership is over-blown: in truth, no matter how ambitious we are, most of us spend more of our lives as followers than leaders. But as business gets more co
33、mplicated and workdays grow ever longer, bosses will have little choice but to delegate more and micromanage less. In todays world, like it or not, you may be a leader sooner than you expect.11 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that act one was_.（A）innovative thinking（B） doing away with ol
34、d management rules（C） creating New Economy businesses（D）critiquing bosses12 The word “burgeoning“(line 4, para. 2)most probably means “_“.（A）flourishing（B） popular（C） aspiring（D）improving13 Which of the following is not true according to the text?（A）Managers are able to move from industry to industr
35、y.（B） Good managers learn more from examples of bad managers.（C） Managers are more accountable to boards, shareholders and employees.（D）Managers learn more from examples of good managers.14 People today are more likely to admire_.（A）politicians（B） those who start their own company（C） people in their
36、 20s and 30s（D）Fortune 500 CEOs15 What is implied in the statement “societys focus on leadership is over-blown“?（A）People put too much emphasis on delegation.（B） People put too much emphasis on leaders.（C） People put too much emphasis on followers.（D）People put too little emphasis on delegation.15 T
37、his week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in waterand to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of
38、 the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of th
39、e world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.In China, u
40、rbanization and rapid growth has lifted millions of people out of poverty. It has also left a water crisis of epic proportions. The Hai-Huai-Yellow river basin tells its own story. More than 80 percent of river lengths are chronically polluted. The basin is home to more than 400 million people and a
41、bout one half of the rural poor. It produces more than half of Chinas wheat and corn. And it is running out of water. Current use exceeds river flow by a third, leading to another case of groundwater overexploitation.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the probl
42、em. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may
43、 be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based e
44、cological systemsrivers, lakes and watershedshave been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we hav
45、e to stop using water like theres no tomorrowand that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzzword at the Mexico Water forum is “integrated water resource management.“ What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different user
46、s and manage this precious resource in the public interest.There is another, equally profound challenge. We have to strengthen the rights and the voice of the poorand it means putting social justice at the center of water management.16 According to the text, the consequences of water crisis include
47、the following facts except that _.（A）water crisis may mean intensifying competitions for water（B） the water-based system will be polluted to a worse level（C） the city may gradually submerge due to our overexploitation of underground water（D）it will deteriorate the needy peoples livelihood17 Which of
48、 the following is wrong in the Chinas water crisis case?（A）Urbanization is a main factor in contributing to Chinas water crisis.（B） Multiple rivers in China have long been subject to severe pollution.（C） Due to Hai-Huang-Yellow river, millions of people has shaken off poverty.（D）Some of the rivers i
49、s already unable to provide enough water supply.18 According to the author, the main reason that drives water crisis lies in_.（A）waters finite quantity（B） social urbanization（C） rapid population growth（D）ill-functioned water management19 On which of the following would the author least probably agree?（A）Mexico is confronting sever water crisis nowadays.（B） To maintain waters quantity, we shouldnt exploit groundwater.（C） The poor is a crucial facto
