1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 137 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Politicians do it. Charities too. And now for-profit entrepreneurs are tapping the Internet to get small amounts of money from lots and lots of supporte
2、rs. One part social networking and one part capital accumulation, crowdfunding websites seek to harness the enthusiasmand pocket moneyof virtual strangers, promising them a cut of the returns.CatwalkGenius. com helps the common people to finance designers. British documentary filmmaker Franny Armstr
3、ong raised more than 450,000($815,000)to finance “The Age of Stupid“ , which she hopes will premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in January. People who gave 20 quids($35)got a credit on the films website; those who gave 5,000($9,000)and up will get a percentage of the profits, if there are any.The
4、 term crowdfunding derives from another neologism: crowdsourcing, i. e. , outsourcing to the public jobs typically performed by employees. Want to start a T-shirt business? Why not have the masses submit designs(crowdsourcing)and finance the ones they like(crowdfunding)? Thats what Cameesa. com is d
5、oing, in a fashion-forward knockoff of Threadless. com which generated $17 million in revenues in 2006 by having the crowd choose T-shirt designs. “If you put money down to support a design, thats a strong indicator of actual demand,“ says Cameesa founder Andrew Cronk, a programmer in Chicago.Likewi
6、se, SellaBand. com connects music lovers with unsigned artists looking to record albums. Musicians have profiles with bios and songs, and as soon as they sell 5,000 shares, at $10 a pop, its time to head to the recording studio. In two years, more than 30,000 people have ponied up more than $2.5 mil
7、lion, and 25 musicians have cut or are cutting albums. So far, the average return on each $10 investment is about $2. 50 from CD. sales and ads. The money gets split among the artist, SellaBand and the artists “believers“an apt description for those who contributed. “People become emotionally invest
8、ed as part of a team,“ says Mark Ma-claine, bassist in the British band Second Person, which in six months raised $50,000 from 741 investors and has since had its video featured on VH1 UK and MTV UK. “ Right now things are going really well,“ says Maclaine, who is wholeheartedly pursuing music full
9、time. “Maybe Ill be working in Wal-Mart in a few months. “ But at least 741 people are betting he wont be.1 Which of the following is true about crowdfunding according to the first paragraph?（A）It collects money from politicians.（B） It collects money from charities.（C） Entrepreneurs invest in the In
10、ternet to get supporters.（D）It is a kind of capital accumulation.2 What can we learn from the second paragraph?（A）CatwalkGenius. com financed Franny Armstrong to make her new movie.（B） Franny Armstrong hopes to attend the Sundance Film Festival.（C） People who gave 20 quids($35)can get a ticket to wa
11、tch the film.（D）All those who financed the film will get a percentage of the profits.3 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（A）Mark Maclaine hopes to work in Wal-Mart in a few months.（B） if things goes well, Mark Maclaine will work in Wal-Mart in a few months.（C） Mark Maclaine does not wan
12、t to work in Wal-Mart actually.（D）Mark Maclaine does not want to pursue music any more.4 According to this passage,（A）crowdfunding means outsourcing to the public jobs typically performed by employees.（B） more and more people begin to use crowdfunding as a great help to their careers.（C） Cameesa. co
13、m generated $17 million in revenues in 2006.（D）Cameesa. com helps to connect music lovers with unsigned artists looking to record albums.5 Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（A）Crowdfunding（B） How to Support the Artists?（C） To Gain Profits from the Internet（D）Lets Invest!5 AID
14、s can kill by disgrace even when lifesaving medical treatment is available. Until recently, an HIV-infected woman in Sauri, Kenya, was discouraged by her husband, also HIV-infected, from seeking medical care because of his fear of disgrace. All too often, death quickly ensues in such cases. But not
15、in this one. Husband and wife were saved by Mary Wasonga, a fellow villager recently trained to be a community health worker by the Millennium Village Project, which is helping more than 400,000 people in dozens of African communities fight extreme poverty, hunger and disease. Wasonga visited the co
16、uple and encouraged them to get home-based HIV testing and counseling, and then helped them enroll in a treatment program. Indeed, she and the 82 other community health workers in Sauri have helped thousands of villagers do the same.These workers also attend to women in labor who need urgent transpo
17、rt to a delivery room, individuals too weakened by cholera to get to a clinic, children with malaria and many others. They do this with one year of on-the-job training that builds on at least some secondary education. That basic training is enough to save lives in vast numbers.Across Africa, Asia an
18、d Latin America, programs are under way that are reminiscent of Chinas successful use of village-based health workersthe so-called barefoot doctorsa few decades ago, but todays workers have even better health-care tools. The mother of all community health efforts is Indias National Rural Health Miss
19、ion. Initiated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and spearheaded by the young, dynamic Minister of Health, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss, the program has, in just over three years, mobilized more than half a million new community health workers, each known as an ASHAshort for “accredited social health activi
20、st,“ and the Hindi word for hope.Technology companies and foundations are also joining the effort to support community health workers. Mobile-phone giant Ericsson is empowering these workers with phones and support systems for training, reporting vital statistics and calling ambulances, among other
21、services. In India, Satyam Computer Services and other organizations have partnered with the state government of Andhra Pradesh to provide emergency-response coverage for 80 million people. The Gates Foundation is similarly stepping up its programs of mobile-phone-based health delivery. In the comin
22、g years, community health workers can support a breakthrough in the decisive control of many devastating diseases. The rich world can help through expanded financial support for community health workers and training programs by its universities. And the U. S. can learn something from these programs:
23、 we too need to enlist more community workers to help our own poor and vulnerable.6 Why did the husband discourage his wife from getting medical care?（A）Because he wanted to die with his wife together.（B） Because he was afraid of being despised by others.（C） Because he knew no medical was effective.
24、（D）Because no one offered help to him.7 From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that（A）the medical treatment is not enough for saving HIV-infected people.（B） higher education is necessary to become a community health worker.（C） community health workers only help HIV-infected people.（D）AIDS is in
25、curable without community health workers.8 According to the third paragraph, Indias National Rural Health Mission（A）was initiated by Indias Minister of Health.（B） was spearheaded by Indias Prime Minister.（C） was based on barefoot doctors.（D）was the origin of all community health efforts.9 We can lea
26、rn from this passage that（A）Mary Wasonga saved Kenya and her husband because they are her fellow villagers.（B） Chinese doctors are all barefooted.（C） the U. S. need to enlist Indian community workers to help American people.（D）not only governments but also companies offer great help to support commu
27、nity health workers.10 It can be inferred from this passage that（A）it is disgraceful to be HIV-infected.（B） the education of community health workers is poor.（C） todays community health workers have better health-care tools.（D）community health workers is decisive in the control of many devastating d
28、iseases.10 Workers at Augusta State University in Georgia are spending the summer putting up new signs, redesigning the schools website, and carting furniture and files among offices. What was known as Augusta State when those students arrived as freshmen has been combined with the neighboring Georg
29、ia Health Sciences University to form Georgia Regents University. Its a kind of corporate-style consolidation that is becoming increasingly common not only for public institutions, but also for nonprofit, private ones that can pool their resources for marketing, fundraising, purchasing and informati
30、on technology in a time of falling budgets. “Size matters, even in academia,“ said Ricardo Azziz, President of the new, 10,000-student unified school, which he said cut administrative costs by 3% in just its first few weeks. “A lot of times we talk about students preferring small colleges, and that
31、may be true, but it is much more costly to maintain all of the moving parts at a small college than at a larger university. “There have been a few mergers of colleges and universities in the past, but the pace of such consolidations is picking up. Its not necessarily that theres a surplus of college
32、s and universities, though it is true that demand is down while supply is up; the number of students slipped 1. 8% last fall and another 2. 3% this spring, according to the National Student Clearinghouse. But the cost of running all these separate institutions at a time of spiraling tuition and redu
33、ced state funding, and the appeal of adding services without duplicating expenses is pushing many schools to merge. In addition to Augusta State and Georgia Health Sciences University, Georgia has consolidated six other institutions into three, reducing the total number in its public system to 31, a
34、nd reorganized 15 of the states technical colleges, saving an estimated $6.7 million a year on overhead.But while combining colleges and universities to reduce duplication may be logical, it isnt easy. Legislators who like having higher-education institutions in their districts often resist consolid
35、ations. So do students and alumni, who have loyalty to their schools, and faculty and staff who fear losing their jobs. Where consolidations have been successful, theyve been handled carefully. One way of doing this, say consolidation advocates, is to point out that it can not only cut costs, but im
36、prove quality while attracting more research funding. With its new connection to a medical school, for example, Georgia Regents has launched joint MD/MBA and BS/MD programs. And one of the arguments for bringing together the College Park and Baltimore campuses in Maryland was that they ranked 41st a
37、nd 52nd, respectively, in research spending; combined, they would have jumped to ninth, which proponents of the merger said would have strengthened their position to attract even more money for research. Perks aside, the biggest reason for consolidations remains lower costs. “Theres been a general s
38、ense that academia is not a business, which I certainly agree with. But it does have to follow business principles more closely than people would like to admit,“ said Azziz. 11 In the summer, people at Augusta State University are busy（A）moving the university to a new campus.（B） negotiating about th
39、e combination.（C） cutting the budgets for the gloomy economy.（D）getting the new university ready for students.12 According to Ricardo Azziz, the President of Georgia Regents University, the combination（A）can lead to a much more smaller budget.（B） may make the university less attractive.（C） will sure
40、ly raise the academic level.（D）will bring some financial relief.13 Which of the following groups disapprove of the university combination?（A）The board members of the involved universities.（B） High school students seeking for better education.（C） The professors teaching at the universities.（D）The fed
41、eral and state governments.14 The word “perks“(Line 11, Para.3)most probably means（A）factors.（B） benefits.（C） impacts.（D）desires.15 What is the authors attitude towards the combination of universities?（A）Approval.（B） Passionate.（C） Impartial.（D）Skeptical.15 Doctors sloppy handwriting kills more than
42、 7,000 people annually. Its a shocking statistic, and, according to a July 2006 report from the National Academies of Sciences Institute of Medicine(IOM), preventable medication mistakes also injure more than 1.5 million Americans annually. Many such errors result from unclear abbreviations and dosa
43、ge indications and illegible writing on some of the 3.2 billion prescriptions written in the U. S. every year.To address the problemand give the push for electronic medical records a shovea coalition of health care companies and technology firms will launch a program Tuesday to enable all doctors in
44、 the U. S. to write electronic prescriptions for free.Although some doctors have been prescribing electronically for years, many still use pen and paper. This is the first national effort to make a Web-based tool free for all doctors. Tullman says that even though 90% of the countrys approximately 5
45、50,000 doctors have access to the Internet, fewer than 10% of them have invested the time and money required to begin using electronic medical records or e-prescriptions.By providing doctors with free tools and supportand perhaps a little prodding from the big insurers who pay the billsthe NEPSI(The
46、 National e-prescribing Patient Safety Initiative)alliance hopes to encourage a quickening in adoption of electronic prescribing. Because the new program is web-based, no special software or hardware is required, and NEPSI says the new system takes 15 minutes to learn. Sprint plans to give away 1,00
47、0 web-enabled phones to be used to transmit e-prescriptions and to demonstrate the technologys ease of use. To keep pharmacies plugged into the new system, Sure Scripts, which links pharmacies around the country much like the national ATM network connects banks, will handle the e-prescriptions traff
48、ic from doctors to the countrys 55,000 pharmacies.Automation should eliminate many of the errors that occur when pharmacists misunderstand or misrecord medication names or dosages conveyed messily on paper or hurriedly by phone. Given that there are more than 17,000 pharmaceutical brands and generic
49、s available, a spoken request for Celebrex, for instance, can be mistaken for Celexa, or a notation requesting 150 milligrams of a drug might be read as 1500. In electronic systems, drugs and dosages are selected from menus to prevent input errors, and pharmacists dont need to re-enter information.Sure Scripts CEO Kevin Hutchinson says one key to reducing medication errors is to get the most prolific prescribers to transition to electronic processing. “Not a lot of people understand that 15% of physicians in the U. S. write 50% of the prescrip
