1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 142 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The tax man just cant seem to get a break these days. Billion-dollar private-equity companies are fighting against President Obamas proposal to tax them
2、 at higher levels. Congressional Republicans are working to extend Bush-era cuts. And the Taxed Enough Already Party is demonstrating across the country against what it sees as the federal governments overreach into their pockets. Now American Indians are battling New York Gov. David Paterson over w
3、hether the state has the right to tax cigarettes sold on reservations.A federal court yesterday halted efforts by New York to start levying the taxes on cigarettes sold to nontribal buyers. Faced with a mounting budget crisis, Paterson had vowed to start bringing in money from reservation sales as s
4、oon as today. The Seneca Nation, which asked for the injunction, sees the right to sell tobacco on its land as part of its national sovereignty. “Most Americans dont understand that reservations are separate from the state,“ says Greg Gagnon, who is a Chippewa and associate professor of Indian studi
5、es at the University of North Dakota. “State jurisdiction is not supposed to extend onto reservations. “At issue is more than $150 million in taxes, according to the states collection bureau. The tribes have always sold tax-free cigarettes. And sales of tobacco on Native American land has exploded w
6、ith the increase in national cigarette taxes over the past decade, as non-Indians drove to reservations or ordered over the Internet to avoid paying the $10-per-pack price. At its height in 2005, reservation cigarette sales were more than $2 billion43 percent of all tobacco sales in the state, accor
7、ding to the tax bureau. New York thinks of all that untaxed money as lost revenue, but the Senecas see it as a backbone of their economy.Paterson is not the first governor to tangle with the Indian nations. The administrations of governors George Pataki and Mario Cuomo also tried to bring in funds f
8、rom the reservations. They caved on the issue after tribal members shut down interstate highways, blocking traffic and setting fires. “Its been 25 years and somehow the state hasnt gotten what they are trying for,“ Seneca Nation president Barry Snyder told Newsweek following yesterdays ruling. “So t
9、hey are still coming after us, still trying to come after the Senecas economics. “The Senecas arent the only nation being pushed to pay tobacco taxes. lndian nations in Kansas, Washington, and Oklahoma are involved in court cases to decide cigarette-tax issues, although most Indian nations settled d
10、isputes with states years ago, after a series of Supreme Court rulings in the 1980s, which held that states may tax sales to non-Indians.If the state succeeds and ends up collecting tax on the Marlboros nontribal people buy, it wont affect the Seneca much because, says Snyder, “we are planning to ge
11、t rid of Philip Morris anyway and have the entire businessmanufacturing and distributionall in our nation. We are ultimately going to have no Marlboros, and then there will be no New York state taxes. “1 What is the American Indians fighting against?（A）President Obamas proposal.（B） The Bush-era taxe
12、s cuts.（C） The states cigarette taxes on them.（D）The federal governments oppression.2 What does the word “injunction“(Line 4, Para.2)probably mean?（A）Interference.（B） Cooperation.（C） Responsibility.（D）Prohibition.3 Which of the following is a cause for the explosion of the reservation cigarette sale
13、s?（A）The New York states policy support.（B） The increase in national cigarette taxes.（C） The $150 million investment from the state.（D）The non-Indians abandonment in cigarette sales.4 According to the passage, the administrations of governors（A）devoted a lot to the Senecas economics.（B） closed the i
14、nterstate highways for cigarette sales.（C） failed to get funds from the reservations.（D）did a great job in dealing with the Indian nations.5 In order to avoid loss in taxes, the Senecas（A）let the court decide cigarette-tax issues.（B） decided to cooperate with the non-Indians.（C） would replace the Ma
15、rlboros with Philip Morris.（D）planned to do the cigarette business all by themselves.5 If youre in a hospital and your doctor wants to monitor you without being in the room, theres an app for that. There are also wireless pacemakers that allow doctors to keep track of your health over the Internet,
16、as well as all types of sensors that check your vital signs and can be transmitted to a smart phone or laptop. The use of wireless-enabled devices is happening in hospitals across the country and, according to a report out this week by ABI Research, “this multibillion-dollar market is poised for eve
17、n faster growth as more and more medical equipment is shipped Wi-Fi-enabled. “Depending on wireless-enabled health-care services could prove to be useful for several reasons. The biggest is that it allows doctors and hospitals to deal with the crush of aging patients who require regular checkups. Fo
18、r example, if a doctor can check your vitals via his BlackBerry, he avoids the time and cost of bringing you in to do the exact same thing. The idea is that these small changes will make health care more efficient and overall service better and even cheaper. Of course, we cant forget the financial b
19、enefit to this sector, which grew more than 60 percent over the past 12 months in both wireless local area network and Wi-Fi real-time location system deployments. Not bad for a relatively nascent(not yet fully developed)market.But there are some concerns about getting wired in the name of health. L
20、ike what happens if the equipment goes broken-down or misreads signs of a heart attack? ABI Research principal analyst, Jonathan Collins, told me that the adoption of wireless by the health-care sector will focus on noncritical applications for now. “ It will measure things that are routinely monito
21、red, where a change in a patients status wont result in a life-or-death situation, but rather if a patient has a raise in blood sugar, a doctor can call them up and see how theyre feeling.“The Food and Drug Administration and Federal Communications Commission are scheduled to meet next month to disc
22、uss how to promote investment and innovation in health technology so it sounds like theres little that will get in the way of this boom. If all of this sounds scary, consider it a normal reaction. Even a few patients who are on board and happy about this tech shift were freaked out once upon a time.
23、 Carol Kasyjanski, who wore a traditional pacemaker for 20 years for a heart condition, became the first American to be fitted with a wireless pacemaker last year. At the time, Kasyjanski told Reuters that her initial “fears have slowly been replaced by a sense of relief, knowing that her heart is u
24、nder constant surveillance. “6 According to the report by ABI Research,（A）wireless devices have been used in hospitals around the world.（B） the wireless health-care market is deemed to grow more rapidly.（C） all medical equipments in hospitals should be wireless-enabled.（D）with wireless-enabled senso
25、rs youll no longer need any doctors.7 With the health-care services relied on wireless devices,（A）aging patients will need no regular checkups.（B） doctors have to be equipped with BlackBerry.（C） hospitals have to give up some of their market.（D）chances of more efficient checkups become possible.8 Wh
26、ats Jonathans attitude towards the concerns about getting wired in the name of health?（A）Ridiculous.（B） Immoderate.（C） Unnecessary.（D）Troublesome.9 What can we learn about the future of wireless health technology?（A）Few people will accept it for fear of safety.（B） It has great potential in being wid
27、ely recognized.（C） It will replace the traditional technology completely.（D）Wireless pacemaker will be the only legal product. 10 What does this passage mainly talk about?（A）The new wireless health-care market.（B） The relationship between doctors and patients.（C） The rise of wireless local area netw
28、ork.（D）The innovation in pacemaker technology.10 The U. S. Justice Department announced Friday that it will allow United and Continental Airlines to merge. Now all that is needed to complete the $3.2 billion deal is a formal vote by the both airlines shareholders, which is set to happen Sept. 17. On
29、ce approved, the merger will make the combined company the largest airline in the U. S. , besting Delta after its merger with Northwest Airlines in 2008. What does this mean for consumers?The merger, travel experts say, may result in rate increases and route reductions for the new airline, but despi
30、te how this may sound; the purported effects are not entirely a bad thing. Route reductions, according to Seth Kaplan of Airline Weekly, are likely to be minimal since United and Continental dont traditionally service the same areas. Both carriers operate flights throughout Canada, Latin America, Eu
31、rope and the Asia-Pacific regions. However, Uniteds domestic service is concentrated in the Midwest and Pacific, while Continental services the Northeast regions.Additionally, Continentals hub cities are based in Houston; Newark, N. J. ; and Cleveland. Uniteds hubs include Washington D. C. ; Chicago
32、; Denver and San Francisco. Kaplan believes that Continentals Cleveland hub may be in jeopardy as Uniteds larger and more powerful presence in Chicagos OHare airport may render a second hub in that area redundant. However, Kaplan says, this is likely the only major hub that will be affected.If the c
33、ompany does decide to shut down hubs in smaller markets, the closures may actually help discount carriers, such as JetBlue and Spirit Airlines, cash in. “Discount carriers can make some headway in the smaller hubs,“ travel consultant Lisa Fantino of Wanderlust Women Travel explains. Take, for exampl
34、e, the Justice Departments requirement that Continental transfer take-off and landing permission at Newark Liberty Airport to discount carrier Southwest Airlines before the Justice Department would approve the merger.Fantino does point out; however, that frequent fliers may be affected by the merger
35、 since any reduction in available flights is likely to make point redemption more difficult than it already is. “In the short-term, I think they will offer some redemption bonuses in the spring as they look to consolidate their frequent flier programs,“ Fantino explains, before adding, “in the long
36、term you are going to find more passengers looking for fewer available seats. “As for prices themselves, the existence of the low-cost carriers and the fact that Delta, American and US Airways remain competitors, will prevent potential fare increases from climbing sky-high. “Fares could rise modestl
37、y in some markets where the two airlines currently compete,“ Kaplan says, citing Houston and Chicago as two examples. “They will also likely reduce their combined seat capacity, and that too can push fares up. As with anything, less supply with constant demand will mean higher prices. “11 According
38、to the passage, the merger of United and Continental Airlines（A）was initially suggested by the U. S. Justice Department.（B） was identically approved by the both airlines shareholders.（C） is to follow the example of Delta and Northwest Airlines.（D）will not become a reality until the formal vote on Se
39、pt. 17.12 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that（A）the combined company should reduce its domestic services.（B） route reductions are almost impossible for the new airline.（C） the merger will indeed lead to rate increases for the new airline.（D）one of the carriers should shift its overseas
40、 flights to the other.13 What can we learn about the Continentals Cleveland hub?（A）It will be in charge by United.（B） It will face a threat from United.（C） It will be replaced by OHare airport.（D）It will set up a second hub in its area.14 The example of Newark Liberty Airport was mentioned to show（A
41、）the difficulties involved in the merger.（B） the fairness of the Justice Department.（C） the hub closures effects on discount carriers.（D）the importance of take-off and landing permission.15 It can be inferred from Kaplan that（A）frequent fliers will get no influence on fares.（B） fares could decrease
42、modestly in the short-term.（C） there exists a possibility of great fare increase.（D）fare changes are depending on the market conditions.15 All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with profess
43、ional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failu
44、re starts to become irreversible.A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who dont complete school in her city, re
45、plied, “I can tell you their names if you want. “ In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 p
46、ercent to 5 percent over 20 years.These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two group
47、s of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.Second, recognize tha
48、t the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of schooldont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American student. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturda
49、y. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Third, pour lots of effort into training teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly; and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Finally, recognize the value of individua
