1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 169 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Ever spent half an hour looking for your car keys? Or walked into a room only to wonder what you walked in there to look for? Or forgotten what day of t
2、he week it is? Not to worry. Occasional memory lapses are normal and not, as you might secretly fear, an early sign of Alzheimers disease. Still, its sometimes difficult even for doctors to recognize where normal forgetfulness stops and more serious memory problems begin. A guidebook published by th
3、e American Medical Association should make the job easier.The text, Diagnosis, Management and Treatment of Dementia : A Practical Guide for Primary Care Physicians, is somewhat technical but contains a lot of useful information. You can order the guide for $5 by calling 1-312-464-5563.Most cases of
4、dementia, or prolonged mental confusion, are usually caused by Alzheimers disease. But you should also look for memory problems caused by taking one or more medications. The combination of Tagamet and Valium, for example, can cause a buildup of the tranquilizer in the body. So be sure to tell your d
5、octor every medication you or a loved one is taking, including over-the-counter medicine and dietary supplements.Dont overlook depression. Social isolation or the death of friends and family can shatter anyones mental state but it is particularly difficult to bear with advancing age. Even patients w
6、ith clear-cut dementia and depression are less confused when their depression is treated.Dont give up even if you or a loved one is diagnosed with Alzheimers disease. Although there is no cure yet there is still a lot you can do to ensure the best quality of life. Start by having a frank conversatio
7、n about treatment options, and appoint someone as a health-care proxy to make sure those plans are carried out. Most patients with early Alzheimers can still make good decisions about their future care.There are several clinical trials currently studying various treatments. An intriguing one will de
8、termine whether vitamin E or an Alzheimers drug called Aricept can prevent dementia from developing in people who are at greater risk of developing Alzheimers disease because they have what is called mild cognitive impairment. To learn more about these clinical studies visit www. alzheimers. org/tri
9、als.If you are caring for someone with dementia, be sure you also take care of yourself. You might want to check out the website of the U. S. Alzheimers Association www. alz. org)for more information. Whether you suffer dementia or love someone who does, the condition is difficult enough to cope wit
10、h without trying to face it alone.1 What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?（A）To define what Alzheimers disease is.（B） To tell people how to avoid Alzheimers disease.（C） To provide information related to a book on dementia.（D）To persuade people to buy medicine for dementia.2 This passag
11、e most probably appears in（A）a textbook on dementia.（B） a term paper on Alzheimers disease.（C） a scientific research paper on dementia.（D）an ad for a book on dementia in a magazine.3 The passage implies that（A）even doctors cannot decide when and where Alzheimers disease appear.（B） it is difficult fo
12、r doctors to recognize Alzheimers disease sometimes.（C） certain memory problems will certainly cause Alzheimers disease.（D）forgetfulness and memory problems are related to Alzheimers disease.4 If a person wants to buy the guidebook he should（A）send an e-mail to www. alzheimers. org/trials.（B） check
13、out the website www. alz. org.（C） phone 1-312-464-5563.（D）write a letter to the association.5 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the factors causing dementia?（A）Having Alzheimers disease.（B） Taking certain medications.（C） Being upset or socially isolated.（D）Taking too much vitamin E.5
14、 You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even be aware that the body sometimes “refers“ the pain of a heart attack, sending it to the neck, jaw or arms. But do you know the second, third or fourth most common sign of
15、 a heart attack? You should. According to a study in journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA), recognizing the less common signs of a heart attack could save your life or that of someone you love.Speed makes a difference. Heart-attack victims who dont experience chest pain typically put off
16、 going to the hospitalby an average of two hours, the JAMA study found. When these patients finally show up at the emergency room, it often takes doctors longer to make the right diagnosis. All the while, their heart isnt getting potentially life-saving treatment with clot-busting drugs, beta-blocke
17、rs or emergency angioplasty. These delays help explain why a heart-attack patient who doesnt experience chest pains is twice as likely to die at the hospital as someone who does.By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U. S. , it was deter
18、mined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart(from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group. The increa
19、sed risk is cumulative: If a 75-year-old black woman has a heart attack, her chances of experiencing chest pain are less than 50%.Apparently diabetics feel less pain because of nerve damage caused by their condition, but no one knows why women or the elderly are more likely to suffer painless heart
20、attacks.So what, besides chest pain, should you watch for? Probably the next biggest tip-off is extreme shortness of breath. Indeed, many cardiologists consider difficulty breathing to be as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain. Other less specific signs include nausea, profuse
21、 sweating and fainting. Some heart-attack victims describe a sudden, overwhelming sense of doom or feel pain under their scapula.Be particularly suspicious of any “heartburn“ that gets worse if you walk around or otherwise exert yourself physically. Dont try to drive yourself to the hospital. Call a
22、n ambulance. Then, if you think of it, chew on an aspirin; 325 mg is the recommended dose, and chewing gets the drug into the bloodstream faster. A single tablet can stave off some of the damage. Above all, dont tell yourself, “I cant be having a heart attack, Im not feeling any chest pains. “ Let a
23、 doctor make the final call.6 According to the first paragraph, the common signs of a heart attack does not include（A）a great pressure in the chest.（B） certain chest pain.（C） serious headache.（D）spreading neck pain.7 What does “Speed makes a difference“ in the second paragraph mean?（A）Haste can help
24、 distinguish between heart attacks and other diseases.（B） Speed can help save the patients life when suffering a heart attack.（C） Doctors should make the right diagnosis with high speed.（D）Patients should adopt different speeds to go to hospital.8 Who will experience the least chest pain when he or
25、she has a heart attack?（A）A 67-year-old man who has a history of stroke for 5 years.（B） A 30-year-old lady who is always sweating and fainting.（C） A 67-year-old black woman who has diabetes since her birth.（D）A 40-year-old sportsman who suffers arms pain very often.9 We can infer from the passage th
26、at（A）diabetics will feel less chest pain because their nerves are hurt by their heart attack.（B） people are clear about why ladies and the elderly suffer less chest pain during a heart attack.（C） many common signs should be taken seriously when suffering a heart attack.（D）extreme shortness of breath
27、 is as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain.10 Which of the following measures can a person take if he suffers a heart attack?（A）Take an aspirin down with water.（B） Attempt to drive himself to the hospital.（C） Help himself to be a little optimistic.（D）Take it seriously and call
28、 an ambulance.10 The word “science“ is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make th
29、e explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear differenc
30、e is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labe
31、led to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biol
32、ogy and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposesfor instance, improvi
33、ng health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rew
34、ards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. So
35、me discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical
36、side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.11 To define science we can simply name it as（A）the study of unrelated subjects.（B） an attempt to explain natural phenomena.（C） the study of unrelated fields.（D）classified knowledge.12 Which of the followi
37、ng sentences about pure science is true?（A）It may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ results.（B） It necessarily precedes applied science and the discovery of the cell.（C） It is not always as pure as we suppose.（D）It necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of the cell.13 A scientist
38、interested in general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（A）applied science.（B） chemical science.（C） pure science.（D）environmental science.14 Which of the following does the author imply?（A）Pure scientists should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.
39、（B） Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.（C） In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.（D）Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.15 Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?（A）The Nature of
40、Science and Scientists（B） Biology and the Scientific Age（C） Hypotheses and Theories（D）On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction15 With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas A&M Univer
41、sity researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&Ms College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, said he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best succ
42、ess possible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like what were attempting here at Texas A&Mto save animals from extinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain specie
43、s should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of
44、 becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five y
45、ears to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could
46、be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,“ adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done,
47、 and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. “16 The main purpose of “Noahs Ark“ project is to（A）
48、salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas.（B） implant embryo into a host animal.（C） clone cells from a dead female panda.（D）save endangered animals from extinction.17 How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?（A）3 to 5 years.（B） 1 year.（C） 25 years.（D）2 years.18
49、 The word “groundbreaking“(Line 4, Paragraph 7)can be best interpreted as（A）pioneering.（B） essentially new.（C） epoch-making.（D）evolutionary.19 What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?（A）Lack of host animals.（B） Lack of available panda eggs.（C） Lack of funds.（D）Lack of qualified researchers.20 Whats the best title for this passage?（A）Chinas Efforts to Clone Pandas（B） Chinathe Native Place of Pandas Forever（C） Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas（D）Chinas First Cloned Panda考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 169 答案与解
