1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 177 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to res
2、earching, experimenting and exploring. Time is the element that Americans save carefully.“We are slaves to nothing but the clock,“ it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost tangible. It is a precious commodity. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lif
3、etime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigners first impression of the U. S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going, elbowing
4、 others as they try to complete their errands. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. People in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed.Many newcomers to the States will miss the open
5、ing courtesies of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do th
6、ey take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of us is less important than performance. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess
7、 and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insi
8、gnificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are thus felt to be added weight by the passage of time. In the U. S. , however, it is taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with rapidity. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy,
9、 and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving“.1 By saying that “Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced“(Lines 3-4, Paragraph 2), the writer means that（A）the sands that cannot be replaced will disappear.（B） the past time cannot come back again.
10、（C） the hourglass cannot save time for people.（D）people should not wear hourglass with sands.2 A foreigners first impression of the U. S. is that（A）fast-food industry in America is prosperous.（B） Americans are not polite in public eating-places.（C） Americans do not invite visitors to dinners to deve
11、lop friendship.（D）Americans are often in a hurry to do things.3 Which of the following best defines the word “rapport“(Line 5, Paragraph 4)?（A）Rapidity.（B） Exploration.（C） Relationship.（D）Performance.4 From the text, we can conclude that Americans（A）assess their business partners through chatting du
12、ring the dinner.（B） have prejudice against the new comers from other cultures.（C） emphasize the rapidity in fulfilling the task successfully.（D）pour more money to solve a problem to gain respect.5 What is the attitude of the newcomers from different cultures towards finishing the work fast?（A）Unimpo
13、rtant.（B） Respectful.（C） Successful.（D）Serious.5 In Britain one third of all marriages end in divorce and one in four families with children is headed by a lone parent. A recent study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found such children are 40% more likely to be poor acad
14、emic performers. Another reportDivorce and Separation : the Outcomes for Childrensurveys 200 research studies. The authors Bryan Rogers and Jan Pryor draw the bleak conclusion that children of separated families tend to gain fewer academic qualifications as well as being more likely to leave school
15、and home early. They are also at a much higher risk of behaving antisocially or criminally and are more likely to resort to smoking, drinking and illegal drug use.So, given these gloomy facts, is there anything that schools can do? Tiverton high school in Devon thinks there is. Now Tiverton has won
16、a 20,000 Barclays New Futures Challenge Award to finance a project called Changing Families. The aim is to help the children within the school, and then to move the work out into the community and primary schools. Nina Wroe, a former deputy head teacher in Exeter, is the schools community partner. S
17、he worked with a group of 12- and 13-year-olds. They are telling and developing a story over several weeks and they plan to take it out to primary schools as a piece of drama. Some students are committed and keen. Others are very fidgety and clearly disturbed.“Mark and Sarah dont want to do things t
18、ogether any more. They argue. And hes spending too much time with his secretary,“ one of the girls helpfully recalls. Gradually the others flesh out the complete picture. Then they role-play the fictitious childrens sad return to Mum after a weekend with Dad. But the fiction is just a means of facin
19、g the issues. Unobtrusively the Tiverton children slip into their own real-life anecdotes. “They might think they can live together but I bet they cant,“ says one 12-year-old boy with the studied wisdom of a 50-year-old. “My parents have tried it three times. Theyre together again now but I wouldnt
20、give it long. “However the research on this issue is routinely ignored that the trouble seems to be to persuade parents, teachers, ministers, the media and the public that divorce and its results do affect childrens welfare and education. People weighed down with the guilt of divorce “baggage“, are
21、unlikely to be able to face the truth even when its staring them in the face.6 The bleak outcomes of the children from divorced family demonstrate that they（A）are few but with high academic qualifications.（B） become more independent.（C） find partner and get married early.（D）are more likely to commit
22、 crimes.7 The phrase “resort to“(Line 8, Paragraph 1)most probably means（A）abandon.（B） repair.（C） adopt.（D）sort.8 Besides helping the children within the school, Changing Families also aims to（A）expand the program to a larger scope.（B） donate money to primary schools.（C） involve the community in div
23、orce issues.（D）help divorced couples lead good lives.9 In the eyes of the 12-year-old boy, his parents marriage（A）is full of romance.（B） cannot last long.（C） still can be saved.（D）is doomed to failure.10 From the text, we can see that, towards the research on this issue, the writer seems（A）convinced
24、.（B） optimistic.（C） ignored.（D）negative.10 Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles
25、to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries.In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation: Suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks compan
26、y and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it
27、 much easier to get an import licence for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid “bureaucratic delays“, as he puts it. Now, the question is: Do you pay up or stand by your principles?It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situa
28、tion? Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a “slush fund“, and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The compa
29、ny rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private, “Look, were in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year were selling more than 1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spe
30、nd a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, whos hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would. “It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one exampl
31、e, the Chrysler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $2. 5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had mad
32、e dubious payments.11 The lectures on business ethics surprised students because（A）they are unaware of their later potential violation of the rules.（B） the forms of bribery are on the increase in many countries.（C） they do not know how to act to entertain the officials in other countries.（D）it is ha
33、rd to avoid bureaucratic delays without such lectures.12 About ethic rules in real practice, the writer seems（A）indifferent.（B） pessimistic.（C） affirmative.（D）optimistic.13 Which of the following is a questionable practice of British Leyland?（A）Leyland operated “slush fund“ to bribe customers.（B） Le
34、yland offered additional discounts and then withdrew the money.（C） Leyland made use of the banks in Switzerland to evade tax.（D）Leyland paid more money to its agents and buyers.14 The writer uses the example of Chrysler Corporation to argue that（A）the revelation of bribery is difficult in America.（B
35、） bribery has become common in commercial life.（C） Securities and Exchange Commission supervises dubious payments.（D）the wheeling-dealing business drives people to bribe.15 The best title of this passage would be（A）Bribery Is Inevitable Nowadays.（B） Business Ethics Lectures Are Necessary.（C） Bribery
36、 and Securities and Exchange Commission.（D）How to Avoid Business Bribery.15 While crime is up around the nation and spread out across cities in a broad pattern, the majority of people convicted of crimes come from very few and very concentrated neighborhoods. More than 50% of adult male prisoners fr
37、om New York City come from just 14 districts in Manhattan, the Bronx and Brooklyn even though men in those 14 areas make up just 17% of the citys total population. Why does this matter? Because, say Eric Cadora and Charles Swartz, who run the Justice Mapping Center, if you can pinpoint the few-block
38、 area that produces the most criminals, you can create programs that specifically target the problems of the people who live there and help them avoid the behaviors that land them in jail. That, in return, could save millions of dollars. New York State spends $ 42,000 on an inmate a year. Multiply t
39、hat by the number of prisoners who grew up on the same streets in parts of Harlem, the Bronx and Brooklyn, and you get what Cadora calls “million-dollar blocks“ because thats what it costs the state to keep criminals from those areas behind bars bars. Its hard to argue that this money couldnt be bet
40、ter spent.Some communities are saying no. Framing the debate as One of economics rather than simply social justice can provide political cover for officials to try out innovative alternatives to traditional incarceration. In the vanguard of this movement was the juvenile-justice department of Deschu
41、tes County, Ore. ,which about 10 years ago made a deal with the state: if Deschutes reduced the number of juveniles it sent to state-run detention centers, Oregon would give back to the county the money that it had been spending to incarcerate those Deschutes kids. By giving up 16 out of 26 beds for
42、 young offenders at the state facility, Deschutes received nearly $ 4 million over seven years and put that money toward what it called the Community Youth Investment Program. The county assigned social workers to provide guidance and parenting skills in homes with newborns who had at least one pare
43、nt on probation or parole. It began screening kindergartners for antisocial tendencies; those most at risk were singled out for special attention.Teens continued to assault people and steal cars. But instead of going to the state-run jail, those caught and convicted had to make various community-bui
44、lding compensations like apologizing to the victim, paying restitution and participating in service projects or apprenticeships. In seven years the countys youth-incarceration rate dropped 25%, and the number of teens who received summons or were arrested for crimes went down 28%. According to Bob,
45、who runs the countys juvenile system, young people are “making the connection between the crime they committed and the harm to the community. “ The state, however, may take more convincing. Because of budget cuts, Oregon stopped funding the program in 2003. The community-based justice initiative is
46、now paid for by Deschutes, but money for some of the preventive measures is likely to run out this summer.16 According to the passage, “behind bars“(Lines 12-13, Paragraph 1)probably means（A）in comfort.（B） in prison.（C） under control.（D）being away.17 From Paragraph 2, we can infer that（A）the juvenil
47、e-justice department takes the lead in the movement.（B） Deschutes put the money it got back from Oregon into other programs.（C） Deschutes fiscal revenue facilitated the social and economic development.（D）many crimes were still committed without punishment.18 Which of the following about the Communit
48、y Youth Investment Program is true?（A）Guidance and parenting tactics are ignored.（B） The money originates from the expenditure on incarceration facility.（C） The youngsters at risk were not identified for close attention.（D）The community funds the program in order to create a better social climate.19
49、 The tone of the author at the end is（A）regretful.（B） optimistic.（C） dissatisfied.（D）pessimistic.20 The probable title of this passage is（A）Crime Rate Is on the Decline.（B） Prevention Measures Take a New Look.（C） Community Reconstruction.（D）A Better Way to Spend Money.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 177 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 作者说 Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass，they cannot be replaced(在第二段第三至第四行 )这句话的意思是?A无法取代的沙粒会消失。B 逝去的时间再
