1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 179 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustom
2、ed. Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and p
3、ositive.When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage twothe crisis stagein which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habits; in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyon
4、d a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque “honeymoon“. However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to th
5、e third phase of culture shock: recovery.In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with travelin
6、g by “tube“, paying in the correct currency, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, it would prob
7、ably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the countrys money and it is relatively easy for you to adjust
8、 to social customs. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new
9、 environment that when you return to your original home, you will again experience culture shock.1 According to Oberg, people go through four stages when（A）their new experience is interesting and entertaining.（B） they have to adapt to new and unfamiliar situations.（C） the customs of the new situatio
10、n are negative.（D）their new spouse is very different from their perception.2 Which of the following is true about the crisis stage?（A）The sunshine wears off and the relationship breaks.（B） The annoying realities remove the happiness of honeymoon stage.（C） The difficult situations make the newcomers
11、go back to home countries.（D）Its hard to learn the language for a few polite phrases.3 People may not move to the third phase, recovery, if they（A）are not capable of changing their unsuitable personalities.（B） give up and cannot view the situation from a realistic viewpoint.（C） cannot grasp the nonv
12、erbal behaviors of the new environment.（D）stick with the unhappiness and deal with it realistically.4 If a person returns to his home country after a long enough visit to a host country, he may（A）obtain better abilities to adapt to a new environment.（B） regain some of the initial positive regard.（C）
13、 no longer live in small towns.（D）go through the four stages of cultural shock again.5 It can be inferred from the text that when one moves to a new environment, his adaptation process is（A）happy, sad, familiar, and enjoying.（B） positive, comfortable, happy and enthusiastic.（C） happy, upset, unique,
14、 and advocating.（D）unhappy, upset, comfortable and positive.5 He changed the future without ever winning a vote or commanding an army. All Albert Einstein did was having an idea. Its not a particularly easy one to grasp in all its ramifications, but the basic insight he expressed in his 1905 paper o
15、n special relativity is almost childlike in its simplicity. And yet it ushered in a new golden age of physics and did much to shape the course of the 20th century.It also transformed the way the future is made: not with wars and revolutions but with scientific insights. That much is still true. But
16、it is history that science precedes at the hands of the occasional lone genius. These days, vast networks of laboratories sponsored by governments are all pushing to find the new thing. Discovery and invention, in the developed countries at least, have become regularized. The insights of individuals
17、 are still important, of course, but the overall effort relies less on any one genius. “In the late 19th century, you had predominantly the private inventor,“ says Yale historian Daniel Kevles. “Now you have the organized inventor. Scientific fields are crowded with geniuses. Everybodys working at t
18、he big problems all the time. “This shift in the methodology of discovery has complicated matters. It is chiefly responsible for the complexity of machines, but also for the growing complexity of the act of inventing and building. The Pentagon awards a contract for a new jet fighter to a prime contr
19、actor, which passed the various systems and subsystems and components down through layers of subcontractors. “Henry Ford could understand every piece of his assembly line,“ says Don Kash, a technology expert at George Mason University in Washington D. C., “Nobody can do that at Toyota. “Whats differ
20、ent now, though, is how comfortable weve become with such complexity.Innovation is part of our lives in a way it hasnt been for previous generations. In 1970, Alvin Toffler argued in Future Shock that technology was changing society so quickly that a person in the span of a single lifetime would fin
21、d himself a stranger in his own culture. Tofflers book struck home because many people felt that new technologies were bringing about change at a pace that was disorienting and not a little disturbing. These days weve learned how to ride the rocket of innovation. “My father thought the world would b
22、e the same,“ says Kash. “My children wake up every day thinking the world will be different. “6 The word “ramifications“(Line 3, Paragraph 1)most probably means（A）radioactivity.（B） modification.（C） branches.（D）command.7 According to the passage, Einstein represents the people who（A）change the future
23、 of the world through individual insights.（B） write simple essays to make abstract theories understandable.（C） end wars without using forces.（D）make breakthroughs to shape the course of history.8 The act of invention would become less complex if（A）the means of discovery changed.（B） capable people pl
24、ayed the leading role.（C） the act could be done by fewer people.（D）scientific fields were not crowed with geniuses.9 According to the text, what is peoples attitude towards innovation nowadays?（A）Scared.（B） Comfortable.（C） Disturbing.（D）Indifferent.10 We can draw the conclusion from the text that th
25、e role of individual genius nowadays is（A）dependable and significant.（B） important but not predominant.（C） negative but needed.（D）decisive and efficient.10 For investors wondering whether they should dump their stocks because they need the money, I have only this to say: If you need the money today,
26、 you should have sold years ago. That advice holds whether the market is up or down. Even though a lot of novice investors claim they are in stocks “for the long haul“, that often turns out to be nonsense. It is easy to be brave and keep buying during a bull market. But what if were in for mediocre
27、stocks market gains for the next 10 years?For some people, drops as steep as weve seen in Asian markets in recent months are too much to take physically. Im a big believer in the sleep-at-night theory. No investment is worth keeping if it robs you of your sleep. If you cant stomach 50 percent losses
28、 in your stock portfolios, get out now and save yourself a heart attack. You may not buy that mansion in Spain, but youll live to see your granddaughters graduation. Even if you sleep soundly, the prospect of a potentially prolonged bear market begs the most basic investment question: Why do you own
29、 the stocks that you do? Now, a few simple rules of investing apply:If you own stock in a company, but dont know what it actually does to make a profit, you can have only yourself to blame if the share price plunges.If your company doesnt make money and has no reasonable prospect of doing so soon, s
30、ell. Buying things that have no intrinsic value is fun with, say, baseball cards. But this is real money were talking about. Earnings and dividends paid out to stockholders are the only things that can tell you in the long term whether owning a stock is worthwhile.Most importantly, if you need the m
31、oney in the next three to four years, look into buying bonds, either individually or through a mutual fund. Stocks in good businesses that are well run will eventually rise and outperform bonds, but maybe not as fast as you might need them to. Even if you plunge into the stock market without being p
32、recisely sure why, its never too late to think about your holdings. Remember, the worst stocks not only keep falling but can approach zero. The biggest losers are those who refuse to jump off what is clearly a sinking ship. They die proud and valiant deaths, but theyre dead in the water all the same
33、.11 The writer advises those who hesitate to sell their stocks for money to（A）sell unless the market goes up.（B） buy more stocks during a bull market.（C） wait for the long haul.（D）sell out as soon as possible.12 The warning against stock investment results from（A）the potential prolonged bear market.
34、（B） the wish to see granddaughters graduation.（C） its damage to peoples health.（D）the basic question of investing rules.13 Which of the following best defines the word “plunge“(Line 2, Paragraph 3)?（A）Descend.（B） Stock.（C） Plug.（D）Plough.14 Which of the following is true about the investing rules?（A
35、）Sell the stocks of the company that does illegal business.（B） The real money is like buying baseball cards with fun.（C） The only criterion for buying stocks is earnings and dividends.（D）Bonds in good business have higher value than stocks.15 It can be inferred from the text that the biggest losers
36、are those who（A）jump off the sinking ship while sailing on the sea.（B） drown in the water in the same way as the others.（C） make mistakes in spite of the awareness of danger.（D）keep the stocks when their value approaches zero.15 It goes against everybodys inner cynic to read a sentence like the foll
37、owing: We are on the verge of the greatest age of creativity and innovation the world has ever known. Consider the following idea. Things, broadly speaking, used to be invented by small, shadowy elite. This mysterious group might be called “The People Who Happened to Be in the Room at the Time“. The
38、se people might have been engineers, or sitcom writers, or chefs. They were probably very nice and might have even been very, very smart. But however smart they were, theyre almost certainly no match for a less elite but much, much larger group: All the People Outside the Room.Historically, that lat
39、ter group hasnt had much to do with innovation. These people buy and consume whatever gets invented inside the room, but thats it. Until now its been kind of awkward getting them involved in the innovation process at all, because theyre not getting paid; plus its a pain to set up the conference call
40、.But thats changing. The authorship of innovation is shifting from the Few to the Many. The idea that lots of people, potentially everybody, can be involved in the process of innovation is both obvious and utterly transformative, and once you look for examples you start seeing them everywhere. Two t
41、hings make this kind of innovation possible, one obvious and one not. The obvious one is the Internet. The other one, the surprising one, is a curious phenomenon you could call intellectual altruism. It turns out that given the opportunity, people will donate their time and brainpower to make the wo
42、rld better.You would think corporations would be falling all over themselves to make money off this new resource: a cheap R&D lab the approximate size of the earths online population. In fact, they have been slow to embrace it. Admittedly, its counterintuitive: until now the value of a piece of inte
43、llectual property has been defined by how few people possess it. In the future the value will be defined by how many people possess it. You could even imagine a future in which companies scrapped their R&D departments entirely and simply proposed questions for the global collective intelligence to m
44、ull. All that creative types like myself would have to do is sit back and harvest free, brilliant ideas from the brains of billions. Now thats an idea my inner cynic can get behind.16 According to Paragraph 1, what can we learn about the authors attitude towards inventors?（A）Cynical.（B） Critical.（C）
45、 Objective.（D）Sympathetic.17 The pronoun “that“ in “But thats changing. “(Line 1, Paragraph 3)probably refers to（A）the fact that inventors are always those few smart people instead of those common people.（B） the situation that common people are not getting paid for their inventions.（C） the difficult
46、y of setting up the conference call.（D）the fact that common people are buying and using inventions by those few inventors.18 The change of inventors “from the Few to the Many“ is due to（A）the advent and availability of the Internet.（B） the common people are passionate in contributing their ideas to
47、help others.（C） people are willing to donate their time and wisdom to make the world better.（D）All of the above.19 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（A）Companies are not actively making efforts to make use of the cheap resources of netizens.（B） In the future most of the inventi
48、ons may come from elites instead of the common people.（C） Companies may not rely on common peoples ideas to solve a technical problem.（D）Companies cannot afford to get rid of their R&D departments.20 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?（A）We are going to step into an age
49、 of creativity and innovation.（B） The innovation motivator is changing from the elite to common people.（C） Common people have little to do with inventions and innovations.（D）Corporations will benefit from a new resource: the online population.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 179 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据欧博格的观点，人们在时会经历四个阶段。A他们的新经历有趣且令人愉快B他们必须要适应新的不熟悉的环境C新环境的风俗很消极D他们的新配偶和他们认为的不一样。根据题干中的关键词 Oberg，可以在第一段的第一句话中查找到解答本题的信息。原文指出：当他们 exp
