1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 197 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 What is a woman worth? That is the question that has to be faced by divorcing couples and by their lawyers. The answers seem to be getting curiouser and
2、 curiouser. Last week a judge ordered an insurance broker to give his former wife a settlement of 48m. She had earlier refused his offer of about 20m, which is why the matter went to court. No doubt Beverley Charman wasan exemplary wife, and it is written in the Book of Proverbs that the price of a
3、virtuous woman is above rubies, but even so, 48m seems a little steep. It would buy a couple of continents worth of rubies.What women are really worth is beset with confusion and contradiction. There was a time when what women wanted was equal pay for equal work. One of the logical consequences was
4、that no woman was entitled to take out of a marriage any more than she brought into it. That view was later softened by a recognition that childbearing and childcare present a serious opportunity cost to most women. So now people tend to agree that at divorce a woman should be compensated both for t
5、hereal value that she brought to the marriage and for the opportunity cost to herselfher long slide down the career ladder, her loss of a personal pension, her reduced chances of finding another spouse.Then there is a surprisingly unliberated tendency among women, and among men, to make estimates th
6、at are unfairly biased in favor of women. The judge in the Charmans hearing said that this was one of the very small category of cases where the wealth created is of extraordinary proportions from extraordinary talent and energy of the husband and therefore the husband could keep more than half the
7、assets. That still left the wife with 48m (37% of the assets). But then the judge made some odd remarks about old-fashioned attitudes. Discussing John Charmans determination “to protect what he regards as wealth generated entirely by his efforts“, he said: “In the narrow, old-fashioned sense, that p
8、erspective is understandable, if somewhat outdated.“Wrong. It is the judge who sounds old-fashioned. This country is awash with clever and hardworking men who make huge sums of money while their wives do little to contribute to domestic comfort and not much to advance their husbands careers. That do
9、es not mean they are not entitled to proper compensation on divorce, but I think the assumption that they are entitled to half the fruits of the marriage, unless there is good reason why not, is absurd.1 The author holds that the divorce case of Beverley Charman has（A）stirred up the question of what
10、 a woman is worth.（B） demonstrated the priceless value of an exemplary woman.（C） reflected the complexity of the question about a womans value.（D）proved lawyers may help couples to make the right decision.2 The general recognition concerning the worth of a divorced woman refers to（A）she should be co
11、mpensated for what she has brought to the society.（B） she should not ask for more than what she has brought to the family.（C） she should be paid for what she has sacrificed as a mother and a wife.（D）she should not be paid for the cost of childbearing and childcare.3 Which of the following statement
12、can best represent the judges opinion in Charmans case?（A）The wealth in the family is created through the hardworking of both parties.（B） In some sense, the husbands attitude toward the case is reasonable.（C） There is a trend of husband trying to keep the majority of the family assets.（D）Young divor
13、ced couples dont believe that wealth should be separated equally.4 What does the author mean by “do little to contribute to domestic comfort and not much to advance their husbands careers“ (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4)?（A）Wives are always of little value to their husbands and families.（B） Wives contribut
14、e less in improving the familys living standards.（C） Wives efforts are not enough to make their offspring comfortable.（D）Wives are dispensable unless they can help with their husbands careers.5 The main idea of the text is（A）the discontent with the compensation policy.（B） the unequal status of women
15、 in family.（C） the unliberated bias in favor of women.（D）the inferiority of women in the case of divorce.5 “It keeps you grounded, puts you in a situation that keeps you out of trouble, and puts you with a group that has the same mind-set,“ says Molly Skinner, a sophomore at the University of North
16、Carolina-Chapel Hill, appraising the nonathletic benefits she experienced while playing soccer in high school. According to one new study, suiting up for the high school team does seem togive girls a boost when it comes to getting a college diploma.The recent study, conducted by professors from Brig
17、ham Young University (BYU) and West Chester University of Pennsylvania (WCUP), found that women who played sports in high school were 73 percent more likely to earn a bachelors degree within six years of graduating from high school than those who did not. (The study did not look at male athletes.) T
18、heir analysis of data from 5,103 women collected as part of a U.S. Department of Education study found that even among girls who face statistical challenges finishing college based on socioeconomic background, the athletes still had more than 40 percent higher college completion rates than nonathlet
19、es, regardless of whether they played at the college level.“In times when we worry about improving academic performance or outcomes, we wonder should we be devoting time and money to extracurricular activities?“ asks BYU Prof. Mikaela Dufur, one of the studys authors. “These are important arenas for
20、in our casegirls to make connections with others and adults who help encourage them to succeed.“At the collegiate level, though, the measure of womens sports remains as murky (unclear) as ever, thanks to the politics of Title IX. Enacted in 1972, Title IX guarantees women equal opportunity in colleg
21、iate sports, but its critics contend that many schools reach that balance by cutting mens teams rather than adding womens. A July report on Title IX from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has done little to settle the debate. That study found increases in student participation in college at
22、hletics on both sides of the gender line, though the growth rate was higher for womens teams and female athletes.Title IX critics say that the GAO report relies too heavily on National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) data, which can obscure the number of mens teams cut from particular schools
23、 as more colleges join the NCAA overall.While the political debate continues, female athletes themselves seem to be focusing on the finish line. “I think that sports teaches you to persevere,“ says Virginia Tech-bound Rachel Plumb, who raced on her high schools cross country team. “It teaches you to
24、 keep an eye on a goal.“6 According to the first paragraph,（A）Molly Skinner is playing soccer on the university team.（B） playing soccer contributed to Mollys nonathletic life.（C） playing sports helps girls to enroll at universities.（D）playing sports grants girls extra credits at universities.7 Which
25、 of the following is true about the recent study by professors from BYU and WCUP?（A）Women athletes are more likely to finish college than nonathletes.（B） Female athletes have more chance to get diplomas than male athletes.（C） Statistical challenges reduce the chance for female athletes to get degree
26、s.（D）Playing sports in high school matters more than playing at colleges.8 BYU Prof. Mikaela Dufur found that extracurricular activities（A）exert adverse effects to girls academic performance.（B） can improve girls academic outcomes directly.（C） bring people who are worth knowing to girls.（D）may consu
27、me too much money and time of girls.9 It can be inferred from the text that（A）Title IX realizes womens equal opportunity in collegiate sports.（B） Title IX balances mens and womens sports in many schools.（C） Title IX isnt successful in achieving its goal for womens rights.（D）GAO report proves the suc
28、cess of Title IX in college sports.10 We can conclude from the text that（A）girls who played sports in high schools are better college students.（B） girls with high school sports experience are mentally stronger.（C） athletic girls are more likely to get college degrees thanks to Title IX.（D）athletic g
29、irls always perform better at colleges than nonathletes.10 “Ah, yes, divorce“, Robin Williams once mused, “from the Latin word meaning to rip out a mans genitals through his wallet“. The derivation may not be found in dictionaries, but he was on well-trodden ground in linking divorce to money. This
30、month a survey conducted among financial analysts, stockbrokers and hedge-fund managers by Mishcon de Reya, a law firm,suggested that the economic downturn will prompt an upsurge in divorces among high-earners in Londons financial centre.This pattern is not without precedent; Sandra Davis, who commi
31、ssioned the study, says that the recession of the early 1990s led to a wave of divorces among the Citys wealthy people. A third of current inquiries to lawyers by those deciding to break the knot, she claims, are linked to the credit crunch.One explanation is that the defecting spouses of high earne
32、rs are getting out before the crunch reduces the potential for profitable settlements. As the City boom turns to bust, redundancies are becoming commonplace and huge bonuses a distant dream. Since recent earnings are one of the factors taken into account in divorce settlements, it makes sense to div
33、orce sooner rather than later. Others argue that money and the distractions it buys allow couples to avoid addressing difficulties in their relationship, which come to the fore in more financially-distressed times.For middle earners, the link between divorce rates and economic conditions is less cle
34、ar-cut, not least since the main marital asset is houses rather than spouses. Rising inflation and falling house prices put pressure on marriages and might thus contribute to higher divorce rates. Yet the same factors also make splitting up more complicated. Falling property prices mean that selling
35、 the family home may not provide sufficient funds for two separate homes, especially now that lenders have become much more choosy. “A flagging economy clearly leads to an increase in misery; whether or not it causes a rise in the divorce rate is a debatable point,“ sums up Stephen Jenkins, director
36、 of the Institute for Social and Economic Research.One consequence is that more couples are living together after divorce, which raises its own problems. Godfrey Freeman, chairman of Resolution, an association of family lawyers, points out that the lower-earning partners in such couples may find it
37、harder to claim benefits. They are usually refused help, he says, on the grounds that their mortgage is being paid, even if they have no cash of their own to cover everyday expenses.11 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by providing（A）a well-known definition of divorce in the
38、dictionary.（B） a downright fact that divorce is linked to economy.（C） an interesting quote of a famous person about divorce.（D）a statistic survey that was conducted a long time ago.12 According to Sandra Davis, recession of the early 1990s is regarded to have（A）affected the whole society in their li
39、fe style.（B） caused some changes in family structures.（C） encouraged more lawyers to consider divorce cases.（D）resulted from the divorce trends.13 The statement “it makes sense to divorce sooner rather than later“ (line 4, Paragraph 3) is used to show that（A）the relationship between divorce and econ
40、omy is well-grounded.（B） the divorce wave will finally calm down and disappear.（C） wealthy couples are encouraged to settle down as soon as possible.（D）people would like to protect their own earnings.14 By referring to the middle earners, the author intends to show that（A）some couples would like to
41、spend life together even if they break up.（B） they are forced to consider economic situations after the divorce.（C） the link between divorce and money is as evident as in the cases of rich couples.（D）they are faced with different problems compared with wealthy classes.15 Which of the following is tr
42、ue of the text?（A）There should be some correlations between economy and family.（B） Economic depression is sure to have caused the social instability.（C） If the economy grows fast, the lower-earning partners will claim more help.（D）Economic growth depends upon the happy relationship between social me
43、mbers.15 Mothers interfere with their childrens lives even more than most offspring realize. That they nag about eating habits is well known. What goes unnoticed is that mothers leave cells inside their childrens bodies, which may help with repairs when a childs own cells go disorderly.This form of
44、maternal interference is called microchimerismthe presenceof a small number of cells that originate from another individual and therefore genetically distinct from the cells of the host individual. A mothers cells can endure until a child reaches adulthood and perhaps throughout life. But scientists
45、 do not know exactly how common microchimerism is. It is detected more often in people with autoimmune conditions, which has led to the suggestion that the maternal cells could trigger those diseases. But healthy people have them too, seemingly with no ill effects.Lee Nelson, of the University of Wa
46、shington, suspects that everybody has a few maternal cells. Her most recent work argues that, at least in some cases, they help rather than harm. Dr Nelson and her colleagues took blood samples from three groups of young volunteers and their mothers. The first group comprised 94 young volunteers who
47、 had type 1 diabetes; the second were 54 of their healthy siblings (brothers or sisters); and a further 24 were children without diabetes who were not related to anyone else in the study. The researchers then compared DNA from the mothers and their children.Because mothers pass copies of about half
48、their genes to their children, some genes in any child-mother pairs will be unique to the motherthose that the child has not inherited from her. Others-versions of genes that came from dadwill be unique to the child. Dr Nelson used the uniquely maternal genes to find mothers cells in the volunteers
49、blood. The technique found maternal cells in about half the diabetics samples, but in only about one-third of the healthy siblings samples and in less than one-fifth of those from the unrelated volunteers. Moreover, the microchimerism was not only more common but also more pronounced in diabetics.Dr Nelson also looked for signs that the maternal cells had caused the diabetes but found no evidence. So, contrary to established opinion, she believes maternal cells can do children good. These cells may help any bodily organ work better, she
