[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷200及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 200 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Parents of children who happily eat whats put in front of them might assume their kids are well nourished. But two new studies drive home the importance
2、 of varying that diet. Deficiencies of vitamin D, omega-3 fats, and other healthful compounds are common; it turns outand consequential.Growing evidence links vitamin D deficiency not only to weak bones butalso to impaired immunity, asthma, and diabetes among other problems. And some of the latest r
3、esearch finds that rates of asthma and related respiratory problems climb in kids who are short on other commonly missing essentials, including vitamins C and E and omega-3 fatty acids.A team at the Harvard School of Public Health evaluated the diet and respiratory (relating to the process of breath
4、ing) health of some 2,000 North American high school seniors and found that teens who lack of fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods were most likely to have problems such as coughing, panting, episodes of bronchitis, and asthma.Vitamins C and E, which are abundant in fruit and dark-green vege
5、tables, may “protect the lung from stress,“ says Harvard research fellow and study leader Jane Burns. Omega-3 reduces inflammation, a key feature of asthma, in which airways swell and make breathing difficult. Oily fish like salmon, mackerel, and tunaas well as cod-liver oilare rich in both omega-3
6、and vitamin D.Vitamin D can also be obtained from multivitamin milk and sunshineand many kids should be getting more of both.In another new study, researchers found that 55 percent of outwardly healthy children and teenagers they tested didnt have enough vitamin D to grow healthy bones. Dark-skinned
7、 children were particularly likely to be short of the bone-building vitamin, according to Babette Zemel, an author of the study and director of the Nutrition and Growth Laboratory at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. The melanin (a natural dark brown colour in human skin, hair, and eyes) that make
8、s their skin dark also blocks ultraviolet rays, which the body uses to make vitamin D.In winter, when the sun was weakest, more than 90 percent of blacks in the study were vitamin D deficient.Researchers suggest pointing kids outside, and waiting a few minutes before putting on sun block;10 minutes
9、of midday summer sun provides 10,000 international units of the vitaminmore than enough for a day. Like melanin, sunblock prevents the skin from making vitamin D, so a bit of lotion-free exposure is necessary to grab the benefit.1 What can we infer from the first paragraph?(A)Parents will always fee
10、d their children well.(B) Kids who eat more are less likely to suffer from malnutrition.(C) Kids should have access to diets of healthful nutrients.(D)Deficiencies of certain compounds are harmful or even deadly.2 Vitamin D deficiency will probably result in(A)less bone fractures.(B) dark-colored sk
11、ins.(C) suppressed immunity.(D)inability to breathe.3 The study on the relationship between diet and respiratory health is to verify that teens(A)will fall ill for the lack of fruits or vegetables intake.(B) will be guarded against lung stress and other similar problems.(C) are most likely to become
12、 the victims of respiratory illness.(D)are not easily affected in terms of cough and asthma.4 According to the text, dark-skinned kids are particularly short of vitamin D in that the dark skin(A)has more melanin that consumes more vitamin D(B) absorbs more ultraviolet rays, thus killing the melanin.
13、(C) can only produce units of the vitamin when the sun was strong.(D)has more melanin that blocks ultraviolet rays, reducing vitamin D production.5 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?(A)Kids Lacking in Nutrients(B) Malnourished Families(C) More Sunblock, Less Vitamin D(D)Hea
14、lth and Nature5 Perhaps the most ambitious long-term health study ever planned by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been hit by a NASA style price shock: Once estimated at $3 billion over 25 years, the actual cost could be twice that much. The problem became public last week at a Capitol H
15、ill hearing on the NIH budget. Acting NIH Director Raynard Kington said he has launched a high-level review of the plan to track the health of 100,000 children from before birth to age 21 and that the study will likely be scaled back.The National Childrens Study (NCS) grew out of a 2000 congressiona
16、l directive to NIH to determine how environmental influences, from chemical contaminants to video games, shape the development of children and affect diseases such as autism and obesity. Researchers plan to recruit a diverse group of pregnant mothers at 105 sites around the United States by knocking
17、 on randomly selected doors. Congress provided $192 million in funding this year to set up the sites and launch a pilot study.Kington says he became concerned in early January after being informed of his staffs latest cost projections. It was since then that Kington realized “there was a fundamental
18、 problem in estimating the true costs.“ In order to turn things around, Kington has now added “greatly heightened oversight.“ That includes asking Claude Lenfant, former director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to return to NIH as his adviser on the study. NIH will also take a long
19、er pause than originally planned after the 1-year pilot, which began in January at two of seven sites, to revise the protocol and reassess the costs.When trimming begins, Kington says he hopes the 100,000 sample size will be “the last thing“ considered for cuts. But the size, number of hypotheses, a
20、nd the protocols are all on the table. Pediatrician Philip Landrigan, who helped conceive the NCS, hopes not to lose components such as in-home detailed assessments of each childs development, which are expensive. “Were just waiting to see how this works out,“ says Landrigan, whose team has knocked
21、on more than 1000 doors in Queens and found that many women seem interested.The budget problems come as no surprise to former NIH Director Elias Zerhouni, who wanted to avoid funding for the NCS. Zerhouni says he had “severe reservations“ about the potential cost and felt NIH should complete the pil
22、ot before any decisions were made about proceeding with the full study. Instead, “Congress interfered“ by providing the money to move ahead anyway. “It was political management,“ Zerhouni says, and “I dont think people should be shocked“ at the result.6 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that the m
23、ost ambitious long-term health study(A)was planned in a NASA style.(B) has met personnel problems.(C) will be halted for its huge cost.(D)is very likely to reduce budget.7 National Childrens Study aims to(A)recruit pregnant mothers as main subjects to study the environment.(B) confirm 105 sites arou
24、nd the US are suitable for pilot studies.(C) verify whether environmental pollution causes various disease.(D)explore the link between environment and the growth of children.8 After being informed of the latest cost projections, Kington(A)asked his staff to report on the latest cost figures.(B) aske
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