1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 213 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 For more than a decade, Dell has posted double-digit growth by selling computers directly to customers, most of them corporate clients. But two unfriendly trends have driven Dell to sell its computers at a place where chairman Michael Dell swore he would n
2、ever be caught dead: a Dell retail store.【F1】_“Were seeing more andmore of our technology intersecting with home entertainment,“ says Ro Parra, a senior vice president of Dells home and small-business group. To attract gamesters and movie watchers, Dell has unveiled new models in its multimedia XPS
3、line. The units range from a $3,500 desktop-notebook hybrid with a 20-in. screen and a remote, to a $2,270 gaming desktop with a swanky scarlet-and-gray exterior and high-end specs. Parra says Dells stores give consumers a chance to see its multimedia PCs and laptops in a home environment, paired wi
4、th some of Dells other consumer goods like its flat-screen TV sets. The company expects to open more stores in the fall.The second reason for Dell to go retail is more prosaic. For years, Dells direct-shipment model proved especially good for selling to businesses, which generate 80% of its sales.【F
5、2】_So everyday shoppers are powering the industrysgrowth. The consumer market grew at twice the pace of the enterprise market last year, according to technology-research firm IDC.Many of the challenges facing Dell seem to spring from the very innovations that made it a power force. By selling direct
6、, Dell keeps a lid on overhead and offers customized computers at competitive prices, with relatively swift delivery. As the price of computing dropped, Dell was consistently able to shed costs and maintain a price advantage over rivals. But this year Dells competitors have attacked that price gap.【
7、F3】_Retailers have also cut prices, evenselling at cost and relying on upgrades and services for profits.One possibility that doesnt exist is the ability to walk out of the store with a computer. The newstores wont carry inventory, so consumers will have to wait a few days for delivery.【F4 】_Even as
8、 the company speeds up its retail operation, Dell CEO KevinRollins still downplays the significance of the home market, saying “Its a secondary priority compared to our corporate customers.“ And he argues that the move is really an expansion of the small booths that Dell has set up in malls to allow
9、 customers to place orders. Says Parra: “We have 160 booths that have been very successful, and all we are doing is expanding on that success.“【F5】_Dell is retraining its customer-support staffand offering a new service called Dell Direct, which allows a technician to connect to a customers computer
10、 to root out problems. Thats partly in response to harsh criticism after the company didnt initially beef up customer support as business grew, leading to 30-min. waits to talk to a phone representative.Last year Dell also announced it would hire 1,500 more call-center workers. “What I am most excit
11、ed about is the investment in customer support,“ says Rollins.“It allows consumers who are not on a network directly, to connect with us the same way a big corporate client would.“A.HP slashed thousands of jobs and reduced the number of assembly plants, streamlining its supply chain and enabling it
12、to go head to head with Dell on low-end machines.B.The stores are part of a bigger program to make the company more user-friendly.C.That lowers operating costs, but Vitelli, senior vice president of consumer electronics, says the impatience of the gotta-have-it-now mall shopper is not on Dells side:
13、 “Are you going to go to the restaurant, look at the menu and say, Thats great. Send me the meal in 10 days?“D.But the business market is becoming more commoditized, and prices are in a free fall. On the other hand, the sale to individual customers has grown rapidly.E.Dell CEO Kevin Rollins consider
14、s the home market as its second priority because it generates less profit.F.The first trend is the ever popular commingling of computing and entertainment in your living room. Yet Dell lives at the office.G.The company is very confident that its retail stores will expand rapidly in the next few year
15、s.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 5 Given his recklessly eccentric personal life, Michael Jacksons premature death seems almost destinedone of those deaths Yeats had in mind when he
16、 wrote of a friends lost son: “What made us dream that he could comb gray hair?“【F1】Still,the global outpouring of grief and craziness of public attentionfocused since Thursday on Jacksons death is an acknowledgment not only of his popularity but of the reach and influence of Americas most successfu
17、l export: popular culture. Jackson was an icon and, in the end, perhaps, a prisoner of that now all-pervasive, world-encompassing force.American popular cultures triumphant appeal around the world is the product of several forces: First among them is this countrys historic dislike to assigning disti
18、nct values to high and low culture.【F2】Some would say that a fair playing field has opened high cultureliterature and classical music, for exampleto a valuable interaction with popular media and made it more vigorous by forcing it to compete for its audience.The real strength of American popular cul
19、ture, in fact, is its democratic impulsea willingness to take into account the reality that, for most people, entertainment is an end in itself.【F3】American entertainment bows to what economists call “consumer sovereignty,“ and Jacksons popularity, with its demonstrable impact on music, dance and fa
20、shion, was a clear example of that. On cable TV and on newspaper websites, it was all Michael, all the time.【F4】So, how did a pop singer heavily in debt and desperately hoping for a comeback, one who was best known for his bizarre life, obsession with cosmetic surgery, become in death the most belov
21、ed media figure since JFK? To understand, you need to go back to that all-conquering popular culture. Americas serious news mediawhether print, broadcast or cableare in the grip of a collective nervous breakdown. Embracing popular culture and its icons seems somehow remedial on several levels: It ap
22、pears to address chargesthat seriousmedia areelitist,as well as themanifest indifferenceof younger readersand viewers to conventional news.【 F5】Then theres the fact of simple, cruel commerce: popular culture in the form of film, music and TV now provides an outsized share of the financially strapped
23、 medias advertising revenue. Finally, theres that source of the news medias anxiety and confusionand that great enabler of popular culturethe Internet.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 Weve been having the wrong discussion about globalization.【F1 】For years, weve argued over whether this or that ind
24、ustry and its workers might suffer from imports and whether the social costs were worth the economic gains from foreign products, technologies and investments. By and large, the answer has been “yes.“ But the truly significant questions about globalization are harder toanswer. Is an increasingly int
25、erconnected world economy basically stable? Or does it generate periodic crises that harm everyone and spawn international conflict?【F2】Lets concede that the present U.S. economic slowdownmaybe already a recessionstems mostly from familiar domestic causes: the burst housing “bubble,“ problematic len
26、ding practices and households heavy debt burdens. All have depressed housing and consumer spending. Still, global factors, notably high oil and food prices, have aggravated the slump, and there is a general anxiety that we are in the grip of worldwide economic and financial forces that we do not und
27、erstand and cannot easily control. This sense of foreboding is not unreasonable, and it helps explain the yawning gap between the economys actual performance (poor, but not horrific) and mass psychology (almost horrific).The good that globalization has done is hard to dispute, though some do.【F3】Tra
28、de-driven economic growth and technology transfer have alleviated much human misery, and if present economic trends continue, the worldwide middle class will expand by an additional 2 billion by 2030. In the U-nited States, imports and foreign competition have raised incomes by 10 percent since Worl
29、d War II, some studies suggest. Job losses, though real, are often exaggerated. In the late 1990s, U.S. trade deficits increased while unemployment fell.【F4】But these advances could be halted or reversed by a disorderly global economy, an economy plagued by financial crises, interruptions of crucial
30、 supplies (oil, obviously), trade wars or violent business cycles. This is globalizations Achilles heel. Connections among countries have deepened and become more contradictory. Take oil producers.【F5 】On one hand, high oil prices hurt advanced countries; but on the other, oil countries have an inte
31、rest in keeping advanced countries prosperous, because thats where much surplus oil wealth is invested. Todays global economy baffles expertscorporate executives, bankers, economistsas much as ordinary people. Anyone who says differently is either deluded or dishonest. Countries are growing economic
32、ally more interdependent and politically more nationalistic. They try to maximize their own advantage rather than make the system work for everyone. Considering how much could go wrong, the record is so far remarkably favorable. Alas, thats no guarantee for the future.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15
33、【F5】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 213 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 第一段提到了两股不利潮流(two unfriendly trends)，而第三段首句提到了 The second reason，故可推测本段应是分析第一个原因。 F 出现信息词 the first trend，即电脑和家庭娱乐(computing and enter-tainment)的结合，这与下文提及的 intersecting with home entertainment 相对应，故 F 正确。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 此空前讲到戴尔的直销模式(direc
34、t-shipment model) 适合销往企业客户，而空后则提到消费者市场的增长(consumer market grew)，因此可以推测空白处应为转折，说明戴尔的直销模式在如今的消费市场并不占优势。选项中表明与上文转折关系的只有 D，并且该选项中提到 sale to individual customers has grown与下文对应。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 此空前出现信息词 Dells competitors 和 price gap，说明有关竞争对手及价格战，可以推测下文可能以某竞争公司为例，纵观各选项，A 出现 HP(惠普公司)，即 Dell 的竞争对手，go head t
35、o head with Dellon low-end machines(在低端产品上并驾齐驱)，与上文衔接，故应选 A。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本段开头即讨论了戴尔零售店的缺点，即零售店中并没有存货，顾客并不能立即拿到电脑，使顾客失去耐心。C 中举出的例子恰好形象地说明了前文提到的问题，故此为正确答案。该题容易误选 E，但实际上该项中讲到的内容与下文重复，并且与上文并无关联，故错误。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 空白处下文提到了 Dell Direct 这项新服务，即及时反馈用户的问题。B 提到戴尔零售店还是戴尔创建用户友好型(user-friendly)公司项目的一部分，这与下
36、文中加强用户服务支持相对应，故 B 为正确答案。Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 6 【正确答案】 尽管如此，全世界的人们还是陷入了一片悲痛之中，周四杰克逊病逝的消息公开后，公众对他关注的程度几近疯狂。这不仅是对杰克逊极受追捧的肯定，而且还证明了流行文化美国最成功的对外输出影响范围之广之深。【试题解析】 “化词为句”技巧的使用；主语包含两个名词性短语。如果直接根据原文的构架来译，译文就会非
37、常僵化，可考虑将名词短语转译为句子，the global outpouring of grief 译为“全世界的人们陷入了一片悲痛 ”：the craziness of public attention 译为“公众对之关注的程度几近疯狂”。acknowledgement 原为名词，由于宾语过长，可考虑词性转换，转化为动词“承认，肯定”。7 【正确答案】 一些人认为公平竞争的环境已经将高雅文化例如文学和古典音乐放到一个与大众媒体相互借鉴的位置，这是很宝贵的，而且这迫使高雅文化与大众文化博取观众，使之变得更加强而有力。【试题解析】 a valuable interaction 表示的是“高雅文化可
38、以和大众媒体相互借鉴”这件事是非常宝贵的，因此可以采用分译法，将 valuable 单独提出来；by forcing it 看似是主动结构，但实际上并未出现逻辑主语，译为“迫使”，可化主动为被动。8 【正确答案】 美式娱乐极力迎合经济学家所谓的“消费者权益” ，而杰克逊的走红就是一个鲜明的例子，他在音乐、舞蹈以及时尚方面的影响都可圈可点。【试题解析】 后半句 Jacksons popularityexample of that 是论证前半句“美国式娱乐极力迎合经济学家所谓的消费者主权”这一观点的，所以在翻译这部分时，可以先将主句。lacksons popularity was aclear e
39、xample of that 直接译出.而 with部分单独提出作为一个句子来翻译。9 【正确答案】 那么，到底是什么原因让这个流行歌手之死成为继 J.F.肯尼迪之后媒体竞相报道的热点对象呢?要知道他生前已负债累累且亟待东山再起，而其荒诞不经的个人生活以及对整形手术的沉迷也早已使他声名狼藉。【试题解析】 singer 后面的修饰成分特别多，直译为 singer 的定语显然是行不通的。可以先译出句子主干 how did a pop singer become in death，再把这些修饰成分处理成几个简单句，放在主句之后，作为对这个流行歌手情况的介绍。10 【正确答案】 其次是一个简单却残酷的
40、商业现实：目前。各大媒体的财政状况紧张，媒体大部分广告收人来源于电影、音乐和电视等各种形式的流行文化。【试题解析】 financially strapped media 如果直接翻译成定语很不通顺，不如采取分译法将这层意思提取出来，作为一个句子单独翻译，从句子中逻辑关系可以看出财政困难是媒体的现状，也就是前提，因此可以前置翻译。11 【正确答案】 这么多年，我们的争论一直集中在这两个问题上，一是进口商品是否会给这个或那个行业及其员 工带来冲击，二是引进国外产品、技术和投资所带来的经济效益是否值得我们为之所付出相当的社会代价。【试题解析】 两个 whether 从句都表示争论的问题，这两个从句都
41、是长句，可考虑采用“分译法”，先说“争论集中在两个问题上”，再翻译这两个具体的问题。另外，考生应当熟悉“增词法”翻译技巧，本句中不及物动词 suffer，译成中文时，应适当添加宾语，“遭到(冲击)” 。12 【正确答案】 我们承认美国现在的经济放缓或者已经可以称作经济衰退很大程度上是由一些常见的国内因素引起的：房产市场的泡沫破裂，借贷行为存在问题，家家户户背负起沉重的债务。【试题解析】 冒号之后的三个并列名词短语可考虑使用“词类转换”技巧，将名词短语翻译成汉语中的主谓短语结构，这样更加符合中文的表达习惯。13 【正确答案】 由自由贸易推动的经济增长和技术转让已经大大减轻了人们的窘困。如果目前的
42、经济趋势能够保持，那么到 2030 年。全球中产阶级人数将再增加20 亿。【试题解析】 本句包含三种时态，完成时、现在时和将来时，翻译成汉语时要体现出时间上的差异。alleviate much human miser“减轻人类的很多痛苦”，这不符合中文的表达习惯，中文通常是说“大大减轻了人类的痛苦”。14 【正确答案】 然而，金融危机笼罩全球，重要物资供给(最明显的就是石油)被切断，贸易战以及恶性商业周期，这样一个秩序紊乱的全球经济很可能会使这些进步停滞不前，甚至出现倒退。【试题解析】 原句使用的是被动句形式，如果译文仍套用被动形式，就会很僵硬，这时，可考虑使用“化被动为主动”翻译技巧。同位语部分具体说明 a disorderly global economy，即说明经济秩序如何紊乱，前面部分是说经济秩序紊乱可能导致的结果。翻译时，应先讲明原因，再得出结果，这样才符合中文的表达。15 【正确答案】 一方面，它们的高价石油损害了发达国家的利益，而另一方面，它们又希望这些发达国家能维持繁荣的局面，因为那里正是它们大量过剩的石油财富的投资地。【试题解析】 hurt 实际上是指损害了发达国家的经济利益，考生在翻译时可使用“增词法”，把词义的内涵翻译出来；翻译 oil wealth is invested 时，可考虑运用词类转换法，将 invest 转化名词，以符合汉语的表达方式。
