1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 220 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resumefor example, claiming a degree when theyre three credits shy of graduationseem har
2、mless enough. So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have ruined so many high-profile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasnt got themessage.A.resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of Dav
3、id Edmondson, CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee.The headlines havent dented job seekers desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a ba
4、ckground-checking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. lie about their education on their resumes.Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects t
5、o igniting shareholder wrathand thats if the he is found out. Even when it isnt, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior.“Theres a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,“ says Richard Griffith, direct
6、or of the industrial and organizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. “If someone says they have a degree and they dont, Id have little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.“Employers fears have sparked a boom in the backg
7、round-screening industry. But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employers are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening through automated criminal che
8、cks. With this increased alertness comes a thorny new dilemma; figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel that a workers track record on the job speaks more strongly than a stretched resume, says John Challenger of the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray its only ne
9、gative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more.Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants t
10、o become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smallerand less well-designedtemporary-worker programs, and theres no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chances of an
11、illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell by a third.In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. Congress, of course, is under no obligation to care about foreign work
12、ers. But the programs costs to American workers are negligible, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.16 In Paragraph 2, the author holds that the guest-worker program will _.（A）arouse
13、 great concerns about illegal immigration（B） be a sensible way to solve the immigration problems（C） be hazardous to the improvement of working structure（D）bring fierce competitions to local laborers17 Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration _.（A）is immune from negative effec
14、ts（B） has lead to economic prosperity and social stability（C） has enhanced wages of most American workers（D）will root out illegal documentation of workers18 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 4?（A）Illegal immigrants have more chances to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest work
15、ers.（B） With stepped-up border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland.（C） Workers in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration.（D）Guest workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement.19 The plan of creating a n
16、ew class of “guest workers“ _.（A）has aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world（B） has allowed immigrants to work in the U.S. for six consecutive years（C） will benefit both businesses and immigrant labor employers（D）will give people a good reason to treat such workers as s
17、laves20 What is the authors attitude towards guest workers plan?（A）Negligible.（B） Obscure.（C） Indifferent.（D）Favorable.20 It was just a footnote compared with the more infectious disaster that killed millions more people in 1918, but the 1957 influenza pandemic that sickened some 25 to 30 percent of
18、 the American population was a medical watershed for the clues that it offered about how a new strain of influenza could spread. Americans first got a whiff of the so-called Asian flu when Maurice Hilleman, aphysician at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., read about an unusually large number
19、of people-some 250,000who had come down with flu-like symptoms in Hong Kong. Concerned, he immediately requested samples from American servicemen in Asia and within days had his answer. The genetic structure of this strain was like nothing immunologists had ever seen before.When the virus finally hi
20、t America: “It went like a house on fire,“ recallsD.A Henderson, then the chief of the United States Epidemic Intelligence Service. Worsened by school openings that fall, the flu spread so rapidly from a few counties in Louisiana that just eight weeks later it had heavily infected more than half the
21、 counties in nearly all 50 states. Although it wasnt particularly potent, the 1957 strain killed about 80,000 Americans. The victims were predominantly the very old and the very young, although the infection occasionally killed otherwise healthy adults as well.Pharmaceutical companies worked furious
22、ly to produce a vaccine, ultimately distributing some 40 million doses. But “they were just a little bit too late,“ says Arnold Monto, an influenza specialist at the University of Michigan. “They only had significant doses available when the pandemic was peaking.“ Earlier, scarcities raised question
23、s about who deserved the vaccine first.A set of official rules gave priority to military personnel and necessary civic workers, but that didnt stop members of the San Francisco 49ers football team from getting vaccinated before police and firemen.Despite some manufacturing improvements, experts say
24、the same shortages could occur with a pandemic today. And that concern has caused preparedness officials to plan for community interventions such as school closings and isolation of sick people. But Henderson says, “It wont work. And you dont need a better example than 57. When you go from just a fe
25、w scattered outbreaks in the end of August to the whole country infected in eight weeks, at a time when people didnt travel as much as they do today and cities were not as densely populated, what do you think were going to see today?“ Better, he says, to have good vaccines and to ensure that the med
26、ical system can handle the extra load.21 The word “footnote“ (Para. 1) means that the influenza in 1957 _.（A）was less important in American medical history（B） imposed little influence on American population（C） was less serious in terms of death toll（D）got less attention of American medical experts22
27、 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（A）the 1957 influenza infected 250,000 people in America（B） Asia was the cradle of the 1957 influenza pandemic in America（C） Maurice Hilleman went to Asia to collect the sample of the influenza（D）it was quite time-consuming to study the genetic str
28、ucture of the influenza23 According to the second paragraph, the 1957 influenza _.（A）had victims throughout all the states of the USA（B） was very powerful and infectious at the beginning（C） had its spread kept down by school openings（D）had infected both the elders and the kids24 With regard to the v
29、accine, it can be inferred that _.（A）the production of the vaccine was timely and successful（B） there were enough vaccines before the influenza peaked（C） not all people got equal chance to get vaccinated（D）none of any football team members got vaccinated25 The last paragraph suggests that _.（A）manuf
30、acturing improvements can eliminate the vaccine shortage today（B） community interventions can prevent the spread of epidemics today（C） the 1957 influenza would become more wide-spreading today（D）it is sure that todays medical system can handle the extra load考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 220 答案与解析Part ADirections: Re
31、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。举例一般是为了说明某一观点/看法，因而要在例子前面找答案。第二句说到许多高管因为简历造假而纷纷下马，可见第三句的例子是为了举例说明第二句的情况。B 项为正确答案。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 句意理解题。题干所引述的句子为第二段第一句，原文中其后的内容对其进行例证。根据第二句提供的数据“在美国，约 14%的求职者在简历中谎报受教育经历”，可推
32、断出造假行为并没有因为新闻而消失，故 A 项正确。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句，作者列举了三种后果“损害公司声誉、影响同事的正常工作和项目的正常进行以及引起股东的愤怒”，可得出 D 项为正确答案。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据第三段第二句以及第四段 Richard Griffith 所说的“如果一个人撒谎说他具有某种学历，我会很难相信他在财务报表等问题上能诚信办事”，可得出 B 项为正确答案。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。第七句的 Rather than 表明老板们并没有开除优秀员工，其后提到的 a pardon perio
33、d 就是 C 项的 a period of time to make remedy，可推断出 C 项为正确答案。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据第三段第二句以及第四段 Richard Griffith 所说的“如果一个人撒谎说他具有某种学历，我会很难相信他在财务报表等问题上能诚信办事”，可得出 B 项为正确答案。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。第七句的 Rather than 表明老板们并没有开除优秀员工，其后提到的 a pardon period 就是 C 项的 a period of time to make remedy，可推断出 C 项为正确答案。8 【
34、正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义理解题。答案在第三段。predicament 一词出现在第三段首句中，通常段落的首句往往起到承上启下的作用,第二段主要讲非正式工所承受的不公待遇及所遭遇的问题。而第三段第二句指出非正式工的难题已是有目共睹。那么之前那句话中过往人们忽略的便是他们的“困境”，故选 A 项“困境”。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 Hibiya Park 定位到第三段。该段提到 Hibiya 公园的帐篷村促使很多政府部门和政客们纷纷关注并开始着手解决这一问题，故选D 项。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。迅速浏览选项，根据 A、B 项中的 unempl
35、oyment 定位到第一段，该段提到尽管根据国际标准日本的失业率还算是低的，但是在日本国内这一比率已是奇高无比了，故选 B 项。11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。考查因果细节，根据 ineffective 定位到第一段。其中讲到引发普通感冒的不是一种病毒。而是几百种不同的病毒，故 D 项与之相符。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语义理解题。根据题干定位在第二段。most likely to turn nasty 是定语，修饰前面的 cold viruses，上文说 colds call kill(感冒可致人死亡)，下文例证提到 RSV 病毒可使老人、儿童患重疾，由此可推知 t
36、urn nasty 表示感冒病毒会“越变越危险”，故选 C 项。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段。其中讲到治疗特定病毒的药物丝毫不起作用，除非感冒是由被怀疑病毒所致，故 D 项正确，表示针对某些特定病毒的治疗是有效的。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段。最后一句明确指出，这种方法可能带来某种风险，即药物性依赖这一副作用，故 C 项与之相符。15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 观点态度题。属于文中人物的观点，从最后一段可以推断出乔尔.温斯托克认为普通感冒也可能给人带来一些益处，原文的“盲目的推断”表明试图消除感冒是不可能的，也
37、是没有必要的，A 项正确。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据题目定位到第二段，作者认为临时客工计划是“如今政治上可行的最好方案”，并会与本国工人形成互补，因此 B 项正确。17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据人名定位到第三段，可知吉安马可.欧塔维诺和乔凡尼.佩里所做的研究表明移民实际上使本国工人的薪资上涨，只对少数没有高中文凭的美国人的收入产生轻微的负面影响，因此 C 项正确。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查段落细节。根据第四段第一句话可知，临时客工比非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更小，所以反过来讲，非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更大，因此
38、 A 项正确。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。最后一段提到，该计划使得临时客工极大受益，美国经济也将得益，且美国工人几乎不需为该计划付出任何代价，C 项内容与之符合。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 观点态度题。全文第一句话就体现了作者对参议院临时客工计划的肯定，而通读全文会发现作者试图纠正人们对于该计划和临时客工这一群体的误解，最后一句话更是将该计划誉为“既明智、政治上又可行的难得之选”。因此 D 项符合作者态度。21 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词语的隐含意义。根据题干定位在第一段第一句。该句意为“与 1918 年造成了几百万人死
39、亡的灾难性流感相比，1957 年的流感疫情几乎无足轻重。”所以可推断 1957 年的流感疫情造成的死亡人数相对较少，C 项与之相符。22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干定位到第。一段。其中讲到有关 1957 年流感的起源。原文提到 first got a whiffof the so-called Asian flu 意为“第一次听说所谓的亚洲型流感”，以及后文说明香港有大约 25 万人感染上了类似流感的症状，故判定 B 项正确。23 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段。其中讲到 1957 年流感袭击美国时的情况，可以从该段最后一句“其中大部分的受害者都是老人和孩子，当然也有少数青壮年未能幸免。”推断出 D 项正确。24 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 A set of official rules gave priority to可知，官方已明文规定，部分人享有接种疫苗的优先权，故 C 项“并不是人人享有均等接种疫苗的机会”与之相符。25 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 主旨大意题。根据题干定位到最后一段，由 Henderson 的引文可推断，他要说明的是如果 1957 年的疫情发生在今天，它的传播范围会更广，故 C 项与之相符。
