1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 228 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the reckless despoiling of the earths resources has brought the whole world
2、to brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the disintegration of the family,and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the
3、earths atmosphere. The catastrophe has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution, or depression. It is also unlike the great natural catastrophes of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range pl
4、anning is crucial. What we need is not a continuation of our present perilous state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been reeling under the con
5、tinuing exposures of loss of moral integrity and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some commitment that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the loyalty of all. In the past it has been only
6、in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to invoke a total commitment.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same
7、endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course, and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis conf
8、ronting usand the worlda crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambition of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by-product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we nee
9、d is a transformed lifestyle. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an overriding commitment to a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation.1 According to the author, the energy crisis has led the world close to _.
10、（A）union（B） revival（C） destruction（D）overdevelopment2 What does the author think has contributed to the near disaster of our cities?（A）The breakup of families.（B） Reckless financial planning.（C） Natural disasters.（D）The excessive growth of motor transportation.3 Which of the following indicates our
11、loss of moral integrity according to the passage?（A）Despoiling of natural resources.（B） Lack of loyalty.（C） Lack of mutual understanding.（D）Disintegration of the family.4 By comparing the past with the present, the author wants to draw peoples attention to _.（A）the significance of the crisis（B） the
12、inadequacy of governmental cooperation（C） the similarity of the former to the latter（D）the seriousness of the moral integrity5 Which of the following commitments does the author feel people need to make?（A）Exploring more energy sources.（B） Outlawing motor transportation.（C） Taking a new lifestyle.（D
13、）Transforming the present, government system.5 I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out
14、 for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappea
15、r when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants o
16、f one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the
17、 advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little
18、 possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and qu
19、ietness.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things; and that lif
20、e doesnt come to an end at half past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life“ by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as
21、much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the village.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning“ to the locals as they pass b
22、y? Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.6 Accor
23、ding to Paragraph 2, one of the disadvantages of living in high-rise buildings is that _.（A）the parents may become violent and difficult to put up with（B） the residents may not have a good view from their windows（C） the residents may become indifferent to their neighbors（D）the children may become to
24、o frustrated to be controlled7 All of the following may make city people unhappy EXCEPT _.（A）housing conditions（B） lack of communication（C） a sense of isolation（D）a serious generation gap8 Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the country?（A）People may find it too quiet to live th
25、ere.（B） People may not be able to find designer clothes there.（C） People may be cut off from their friends living in cities.（D）People may not feel isolated because of the community bond.9 We can infer from Paragraph 4 that those who work in large cities and live in small villages are_.（A）arrogant（B）
26、 original（C） insensitive（D）quiet10 Do you think the author will choose to live in the countryside?（A）Definitelysooner or later.（B） By no meanshe is daydreaming.（C） Yeshe can save a lot of money.（D）Hard to sayhe is in two minds.10 When recruiting at British universities, PricewaterhouseCoopers, one o
27、f the Big Four auditing firms with its headquarters in the New York City, presents candidates with an unusual exercise. They are asked to build a tall and sturdy tower using the smallest possible number of snap-together Lego bricks. Similarly, at Google Games, a recruiting event first staged by the
28、search-engine giant inApril, candidates are invited to build Lego bridgesthe stronger the better.In each case, the company is trying to convey the idea that it offers a creative, fun working environment. “It was as much advertising as a way of trying to get recruits,“ says Brett Daniel, a student at
29、 the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who built the Google Games weakest bridge.A Danish firm, based in Billund, Denmark, has embraced the corporate use of its colored plastic bricks. As part of a scheme called “Serious Play“ it is certifying a growing number of professional Lego consultan
30、ts, now present in 25 countries. They coach managers by getting them to build “metaphorical abstractions“ of such things as corporate strategy, says Legos Jesper Jensen, who runs the scheme. Hisham El-Gamal of Quest, a management consultancy based in Cairo that offers Serious Play workshops, says de
31、mand for the two-day, $7,000 courses is booming.Firms in crisis, such as those corrupted by scandal or in the pains of a takeover, tend to be most receptive to the idea of Lego workshops, says Franc, oisde Boissezon of Imagics, a consultancy based in Brussels. The results can be embarrassing, partic
32、ularly for senior managers. Tsai Yu-Chen of UGene Mentor, a Serious Play consultancy based in Taipei, says a common exercise is modeling, but not naming, “the people you hate most“. One chief executive was modeled as a figure so fat that he blocked a hallway, suggesting he was clogging up the compan
33、y.Lego workshops are effective because child-like play is a form of instinctive behavior not regulated by conscious thought, says Lucio Margulis of Juego Serio, a consultancy in Buenos Aires. This produces “Eureka“ moments: a perfectionist who realizes the absurdity of frustration over an imperfect
34、Lego construction; the owner of a firm with dismal customer relations who models headquarters as a fort under siege; or an arrogant boss who depicts his staff as soldiers headed into battle. Even in the office, it seems, Lego has a part to play.11 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his
35、topic by _.（A）posing a contrast（B） making a comparison（C） stating a phenomenon（D）illustrating a hypothesis12 PricewaterhouseCoopers and Google Games incorporate Lego workshops into their recruitments mainly to_.（A）check whether the candidates get the required operation skills（B） test whether the can
36、didates are innovative and funny（C） advertise themselves as well as get the most talented recruits（D）attract the candidates with their creative and easy working atmosphere13 Which of the following is closest in meaning to “clogging up“ (Para. 4)?（A）corrupting.（B） obstructing.（C） raining.（D）betraying
37、.14 According to Lucio Margulis, a persons behavior in Lego workshops is characterized by being _.（A）effective（B） childish（C） natural（D）conscious15 What can we know from the last paragraph about the “Eureka“ moments?（A）They are effective but unconscious.（B） They are the sudden realizations and disco
38、veries in our life.（C） They are the frustrated and depressed moments in our life.（D）They are common and unsurprising in work places.15 This time last year three out of four 16 to 24-year-olds were wearing the white band of Make Poverty History. Whatever the campaign may or may not have achieved in A
39、frica, it briefly inspired millions in Britain.A joy, but also a revelation, for this was the moment when I saw how ready people were to take a little bit of action for a big cause. It may also explain how the small move-ment I helped to found has become a rather large phenomenon. Dont think changin
40、g the world can start by something as simple as shutting down your computer at night?Those marching were different crowds from 20 years ago. Make Poverty History made few formal demands. No slogans, no forms, not even meetings if you didnt fancy them. It was activism litemore a brand than an organiz
41、ation. Show solidarity wherever you gofashionably of coursedo more, if and when you can. The future of active citizenship may depend on understanding why it ignited a generation.If social engagement is a funnel (a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom) turned on its side, abo
42、ut a quarter of a million people in the UK are at the narrow end, serial activists, responsible for 80 per cent of our community action. Most charities are here, focusing their efforts on these committed citizens. Our organization, We Are What We Do, is at the mouth of the funnel, targeted at people
43、 who dont recycle or think about fair trade. It is styled as a brand, inspiring people to make the small changes that will make a big difference if enough of us do the same.Our first bookChange the World for a Fiverfeatured 50 simple actions, from not spitting out your gum to declining plastic bags.
44、 All began by doing something small. Some of the 800 who are buying the book every day remain usefully but lightly engaged. For our new book, Change the World 9 to5, we decided to focus on the workplace, where most of us spend most of our waking hours. Actions range from the entertaining (smile!); t
45、he symbolic (turn off your phone charger when not in use) and the serious (learn to save a life).In working with We Are What We Do I have moved from the view that the sum of individual actions can help to make a difference to the belief that ultimately it is the only thing that ever does. The smalle
46、st act has a value of its own.16 The author views peoples wearing the white band of Make Poverty History as “a revelation“ because（A）it has achieved a smashing success in Africa（B） it has inspired millions of British people（C） it shows that the British are ready to take actions（D）it has developed in
47、to a large phenomenon17 The text suggests that the campaigns twenty years ago _.（A）were much more informal（B） had neither funds nor meetings（C） were much better organized（D）were less active than nowadays18 The statement “at the mouth of the funnel“ (Para. 3) implies that _.（A）our organization is the
48、 leader of the social engagement（B） our organization is the initiator of the social engagement（C） our organization encourages people to do small but basic things（D）our organizations actions greatly influence the social engagement19 Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（A）T
49、he British are all ready to take a little action for a big cause.（B） Campaigns nowadays are more formal than those in the past.（C） The authors second book has a higher aim than the first one.（D）No matter how small, an individuals changes really matter.20 Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（A）Small Steps, Giant Leaps（B） Think Big, Do Small（C） Aim High, Shoot Low（D）How to Change the World?20 Science and its practical applications in the form of technology, or the “science“ of the industri
