1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 232 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Latino youths need better education for Arizona to take full advantage of the possibilities their exploding population offers. Arizonas fast-growing Lat
2、ino population offers the state tremendous promise and a challenge. Even more than the aging of the baby boomers, the Latino boom is fundamentally reorienting the states economic and social structure.Immigration and natural increase have added 600,000 young Latino residents to the states population
3、in the past decade. Half of the population younger than 18 in both Phoenix and Tucson is now Latino. Within 20 years, Latinos will make up half of the homegrown entry-level labor pool in the states two largest labor markets.What is more, Hispanics are becoming key economic players. Most people dont
4、notice it, but Latinos bom in Arizona make up much of their immigrant parents economic and educational deficits. For example, second-generation Mexican-Americans secure an average of 12 grades of schooling where their parents obtained less than nine. That means they erase 70 percent of their parents
5、 lag behind third-generation non-Hispanic Whites in a single generation.All of this hands the state a golden opportunity. At a time when many states will struggle with labor shortages because of modest population growth, Arizona has a priceless chance to build a populous, hardworking and skilled wor
6、kforce on which to base future prosperity. The problem is that Arizona and its Latino residents may not be able to seize this opportunity. Far too many of Arizonas Latinos drop out of high school or fail to obtain the basic education needed for more advanced study. As a result, educational deficits
7、are holding back many Latinosand the state as well. To be sure, construction and low-end service jobs continue to absorb tens of thousands of Latino immigrants with little formal education. But over the long term, most of Arizonas Latino citizens remain ill-prepared to prosper in an increasingly dem
8、anding knowledge economy.For the reason, the educational uplift of Arizonas huge Latino population must move to the center of the states agenda. After all, the education deficits of Arizonas Latino population will severely cramp the fortunes of hardworking people if they go unaddressed and could wel
9、l undercut the states ability to compete in the new economy. At the entry level, slower growth rates may create more competition for low-skill jobs, displacing Latinos from a significant means of support. At the higher end, shortages of Latinos educationally ready to move up will make it that much h
10、arder for knowledge-based companies to staff high-skill positions.1 The Latino population is changing Arizonas _.（A）aging problem（B） educational system（C） economic structure（D）financial deficits2 What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?（A）The Latino population in Arizona is made up of Hispanics and Me
11、xican-Americans.（B） The first-generation Latinos are immigrants instead of being born in America.（C） 70 percent of the first-generation Latinos had less schooling than nine years.（D）The educational system used to be in favor of the non-Hispanic Whites.3 “educational deficits“ (Para. 4) most probably
12、 means that _.（A）the state did not put much money into education（B） many Latinos are too poor to obtain education（C） education is not a profitable enterprise（D）many Latinos are not well-educated4 According to the author, Arizona should give highest priority to _.（A）controlling the Latino population（
13、B） enhancing the educational level of the Latino population（C） improving the knowledge-based economy（D）building the Latino population into hardworking and skilled workforce5 It is implied that, in the long run, most Latinos in Arizona will _.（A）be jobless（B） be badly-paid（C） do low-skill jobs（D）do h
14、igh-skill jobs5 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislati
15、on, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial andlong delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrif
16、ices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environment
17、al problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communica
18、te, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines,
19、 state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission
20、 for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can
21、understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.6 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the indus
22、trialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.（A）they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing（B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests（C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it（D）it is difficult for them to take effective measu
23、res7 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_.（A）to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion（B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection（C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollu
24、tion（D）to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards8 The word “tunnel-visioned“ (Para. 4) most probably means “_“.（A）narrow-minded（B） blind to the facts（C） short-sighted（D）able to see only one aspect9 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading rol
25、e in the solution of environmental problems?（A）Legislation and government intervention.（B） The industrys understanding and support.（C） The efforts of environmental health professionals.（D）The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.10 Which of the following is true ac
26、cording to the last paragraph?（A）Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.（B） More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.（C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.（D）Environmental degradation will be stopped by the
27、end of this decade.10 Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD.In Japan the
28、 proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general busi
29、ness reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandlers creation.Thanks to family connections, Chandler ended up in control of the Los Angeles Times
30、in 1960. The paper he inherited was parochial and conservative, reflecting the city it served. Chandler abandoned the anti-union dogma and set about building a west-coast rival to the New York Times. His paper was heavy on foreign news and serious, objective reporting. The result was hugely impressi
31、vebut not, as it turned out, suited to the internet era. In the past few years the paper has suffered repeated staff cuts. In 2007 it was acquired by a property magnate and in 2008 filed for bankruptcy protection.The problem with such newspapers is that, although they do much that is excellent, they
32、 do little that is distinctive enough for people to pay for it. The Los Angeles Times foreign reporting is extremely good. But it is hard to argue that it is better than the stuff supplied by the New York Times or foreign papers. Similarly, it has never been clear why each major newspaper needs its
33、own car reviewer: a Corolla is a Corolla, whether it is driven in Albuquerque or Atlanta, Papers should concentrate on what they do best, which means, in many cases, local news and sport. If the rest is bought in from wire services or national organizations, readers are unlikely to complainas long a
34、s there is enough competition between those larger providers to keep up standards. Specialization generally means higher quality.It is grim to forecast still more writers losing their jobs. But whether newspapers are thrown onto doorsteps or distributed digitally, they need to deliver something that
35、 is distinctive. New technologies like Apples iPad only make this more true. The mere acquisition of a smooth block of metal and glass does not magically persuade people that they should start paying for news. They will pay for news if they think it has value. Newspapers need to focus relentlessly o
36、n that.11 From Paragraph 1 we learn that American newspapers _.（A）are balanced businesses now（B） are more stable than Japanese ones（C） get most revenues from readers（D）have been heavily relying on ads12 Newspapers in America are becoming less complete in that _.（A）newspaper industry is in depression
37、（B） newsrooms have suffered a whirlwind（C） many columns and foreign agencies are cut（D）Otis Chandlers creation has failed13 The Los Angeles Times managed by Chandler_.（A）is narrow and conservative（B） now is a rival to the New York Times（C） once was very successful（D）is serious and subjective14 Accor
38、ding to the author, the Los Angeles Times failure is due to its _.（A）focus on foreign report（B） lack of unique features（C） ignorance of wire service（D）ignorance of complaints15 The author would most likely agree that_.（A）newspaper industry will disappear soon（B） newspapers should strive to attract p
39、eople（C） no more writers would lose their jobs in future（D）technology helps newspaper attract more readers15 Public health officials grappling with the obesity epidemic have debated a wide range of approaches to helping slim the American waistline. To some degree, everything from building more sidew
40、alks to banning chocolate milk has been explored. Yet few tactics have been as polarizing as the possibility of introducing tariffs on treats. Despite endorsement from several respected obesity re-searchers and politicians, soda taxes, for example, have been subject to severe scrutiny, as critics pr
41、otested that implementing a tax before verifying that it would achieve the end result was shortsighted and potentially overreaching. So, in attempt to determine just how sin taxes might impact peoples food choices, psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to put junk food levies to the t
42、estin the lab.Researchers recruited shoppers to examine the aisles of a mock supermarket filled with 68 common foods labeled with nutritional information. Participants were given a predetermined amount of cash, and were told to use that money to purchase a weeks worth of groceries for a family. The
43、first time, all of the products on the shelves were priced in keeping with local supermarkets. In subsequent trips, however, junk food was taxedan additional 12.5%, then 25%or healthier foods were subsidized to reduce cost.The study, published in the journal Psychological Science, revealed that taxe
44、s were more effective at getting people to avoid certain products than subsidies were at prompting healthier food purchases. In scenarios where junk foods were taxed, study participants generally came away with a lower caloric total for their groceries, and a higher ratio of protein to fats and carb
45、ohydrates. Yet, in situations where healthy foods were subsidized, the savings were often spent on additional junk food. That is, instead of stocking up on more fruits and vegetables because they were cheaper, the studys shoppers bought their vegetables, and then used the leftover cash to bring home
46、 extra treats like chips and soda. In the end, the subsidiesonly scenarios resulted in higher total calorie counts, and didnt result in overall nutritional improvement on the weeks groceries.Because the scenario is hypothetical, the findings certainly shouldnt be taken as the final word in the sin t
47、ax debate, the researchers stress, but should instead be used to inform the ongoing discussion about practical ways to battle obesity. To that end, they say, the next step should be research to determine whether these results would be replicated in the real world.16 It is suggested in the first para
48、graph that obesity has _.（A）aroused extensive concern（B） affected infrastructure nationwide（C） been analyzed from political aspect（D）led to many polarizing opinions17 Psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to experiment on junk food tax in order to _.（A）test whether it would interfere
49、with food option（B） find the best way to curb the obesity epidemic（C） determine how polarizing the solution was（D）examine various possibilities of food choices18 Which of the following is true of the experiment?（A）Participants were asked to choose from 68 nutritional items.（B） Participants were recruited to buy things from a local supermarket.（C） Junk foods were taxed; meanwhile healthier ones were subsidized.（D）There were different scenarios for subjects to participate in.19 The study published
