1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 237 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market re
2、search group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you havent checked theprice tags lately on some of the younger generations must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem o
3、utrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Ad-busters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music- and skin-filled show
4、s on MTV, and youve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.“The pressures on parents today are enormous,“ says Tom Vogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoi
5、ling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.“Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virgini
6、a. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.“Its easier to say lets go out and spend some money, in terms of finding
7、 time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,“ Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their childrens costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise be
8、tween spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And dont be afraid
9、to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are, thats part of our responsibility as parents,“ he said.1 Judging from the first paragraph, “Northbrook“ is most probably _.（A）a market research company based in Illinois（B） a spokesman for the Teenage Research
10、Unlimited（C） the base of the Teenage Research Unlimited（D）the city where the spending survey was carried out2 According to Paragraph 3, some people find it outrageous that _.（A）some parents indulge their children in extravagant spending（B） some younger generations must-haves could cost so much（C） so
11、me parents are ignorant about their childrens spending（D）some children disregard their notorious spending habits3 What is the effect of marketing through mass media?（A）It fills the market with ads beyond the youngs understanding.（B） It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.（C）
12、It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.（D）It triggers young peoples desire to keep up with the trend.4 According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because _.（A）they cant afford the time to stay with their children（B） they want to make up their g
13、uilt for their children（C） they find it more convenient than going out with the children（D）they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them5 What does Marshall think parents should do with the childrens spending habit?（A）They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.（B） They shoul
14、d restrain the childrens spending within limits.（C） They should be responsible for providing for the children.（D）They should draw up a budget plan for the children.5 Britains universities are in an awful spin. Top universities were overwhelmed by the 24% of A-level applicants with indistinguishable
15、straight As; newer ones are beating the byways for bodies.Curiously, both images of educationthe weeping willows of Cambridge and the futuristic architecture of UELare cherished by the government. Ministerswant to see half of all young people in universities by 2010 (numbers have stalled at 42%), wi
16、thout letting go of the world-class quality of its top institutions.Many argue that the two goals are incompatible without spending a lot more money. Researchers scrabble for funds, and students complain of large classes and reduced teaching time. To help solve the problem, the government agreed in
17、2004 to let universities increase tuition fees.Though low, the fees have introduced a market into higher education. Universities can offer cut-price tuition, although most have stuck close to the Fridays job loss figures were just the latest suggestion that it could well be prolonged and profound ra
18、ther than shorter and shallower.So what of the youth shaped by what some are already calling the Great Recession? Will a publication looking back from 2030 damn them with such faint praise? Will they marry younger, be satisfied with stable but less exciting jobs? Will their children mock them for re
19、using tea bags and counting pennies as if this paycheck were the last? At the very least, they will deal with tremendous instability, just as their Depression forebears did.“The 30s challenged the whole idea of the American dream, the idea of open economic possibilities,“ said Morris Dickstein, an E
20、nglish professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. “The version you get of that today is the loss of confidence on the part of both parent and children that life in the next generation will inevitably be better.“How todays young will be affected 10, 20 or 40 years on will de
21、pend on many things. If history is any guide, what will matter most is where this recession generation is in the historical process.11 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the novel Revolutionary Road analyzed_.（A）the inner pain of the Silent Generation（B） the personality of the Silent Generation
22、（C） the characteristics of the efficient people（D）the impact of the Depression on the youth12 By commenting that “students were docile notetakers“ (Para. 2), the Time magazine suggested that students should have been _.（A）more independent（B） more ambitious（C） more creative（D）more diligent13 What is
23、the advantage of the Great Depression, according to Time?（A）It increased the youth chances for a better job.（B） It increased the youths crisis awareness.（C） It made the youth learn to be mature.（D）It made the youth more patriotic.14 The author thinks that Time commented on the Silent Generation with
24、 _.（A）heartfelt sympathy（B） solid evidence（C） disguised praise（D）convincing criticism15 Morris Dickstein points out that people now _.（A）tend to believe in a prosperous future（B） can rely on their children for a better life（C） lose faith in the open economic possibilities（D）was hopeless at a better
25、life for their children15 The sight of eight long black legs moving over the floor makes some people scream and runand women are four times more likely to take fright than men. Now a study suggests that females are genetically prone to develop fears for potentially dangerous animals.David Rakison, a
26、 developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, found that baby girls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. Baby boys remain merrily indifferent to this connection.In an initial training phase Rakison showed 10 baby girls a
27、nd boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face. In the following test phase he let them watch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face.Despite the spiders happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the
28、flower. The researchers took this to mean that the girls expected spiders to be linked with fear. The boys looked for an equal time at both images.With a different group of babies, Rakison first showed a spider with a happy face, and a flower with a fearful face. Now the girls too looked at both ima
29、ges for the same length of timeimplying that they did not have an inborn fear of spiders.The results suggest that girls are more inclined than boys to learn to fear dangerous animals. By contrast, says Rakison, modem phobias such as fear of flying or injections show no sex difference.He attributes t
30、he difference to behavioural differences between men and women among our hunter-gatherer ancestors.A dislike for spiders may help women avoid dangerous animals, but in men evolution seems to have favoured more risk-taking behaviour for successful hunting.It makes evolutionary sense to acquire spider
31、 fear at a certain age, rather than to be born with it, he adds. “There is little reason for an infant to fear an object unless it can respond to it, for example by crawling away,“ he says.But if being scared of spiders is genetically inclined, is there any point in seeing a psychiatrist? “Even if a
32、 person is heavily inclined to develop spider phobia, exposure therapy would still be effective,“ says Jaime Derringer, a clinical psychologist from Washington University in St Louis. “But it may be more difficult to eliminate the association between spiders and a fearful response,“ she says.16 We c
33、an learn from David Rakisons study that _.（A）people develop fears for dangerous animals by learning（B） people are born with fears for dangerous animals（C） boys do not feel frightened by the pictures of spiders（D）girls are more attracted by beautiful flowers than boys do17 In what aspect were the two
34、 groups different in David Rakisons research?（A）The proportion of boys and girls.（B） The pictures shown in the testing phase.（C） The adoption of the initial training.（D）The time allowed to look at the pictures.18 David Rakison has most probably classified the fear for dangerous animals as a(n) _.（A）
35、instinctive behaviour（B） childish reaction（C） predictive phenomena（D）primitive response19 According to David Rakison, men and women respond to spiders differently because men _.（A）are less sensitive（B） are more adventurous（C） need to be brave in life（D）need to be cool-headed in life20 Jaime Derringe
36、r suggests that exposure therapy can most likely help _.（A）prevent one from acquiring spider phobia（B） recognize spiders in a more positive way（C） lessen ones fear for spiders（D）eliminate the spider phobia20 Some families in America and elsewhere have started buying child friendly mobile phones outf
37、itted with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.These phones and their related tracking services allow parents to pinpoint the location of their children with ease. Parents agree to pick up the phone bill in return for the reassurance of knowing where their children are; children areprepared t
38、o put up with the watching if they are allowed to have a phone.Mobile operators in America are now launching tracking services. Under a federal decree known as E911, they had to upgrade their networks to ensure that anyone dialing the 911 emergency number could be located to within 100 metres. Some
39、operators opted for triangulation technology, which determines the location of the handset by comparing the signals received by different base stations. But Verizon and Sprint chose to adopt the more expensive but more accurate GPS technology instead, and are now looking for ways to make money from
40、it.Verizon calls its service “Chaperone“. For $10 a month, parents can call up the location of their childs LG Migo handset from their own mobile phones, or from a PC.The child receives a message saying that the handsets position has been requested, and the parents receive an address, or a marker on
41、 a web-based map, giving the childs location. For an extra $10 per month, they can sign up for Child Zone, a service that, among other things, fires off an alert when a youngster (or, at least, the youngsters handset) strays outside a specified areaFor its part, Sprint has launched a similar service
42、 that can also let parents know when a child arrives at a particular location.Another location service is available from Nextel, a mobile operator that was taken over by Sprint in 2005.Nextel opened up some of its systems to enable other firms to build their own software and services on top of its G
43、PS technology. One example is AccuTracking, a small company which offers a tracking service for $6 a month and boasts that it is “ideal for vehicle tracking“ or to keep “virtual eyes on kids“. Some customers are also using the service to track their spouses, by hiding phones in their cars. “Mine is
44、hidden under the hood, hot-wired to the batteryit works very well and it is easy to hook up continuous power, “ writes one customer on AccuTrackings message board.Start-ups are working on everything from city-wide games of hide-and-seek to monitoring the locations of Alzheimers patients. Services th
45、at monitor jogging routes, and work out distance travelled and calories consumed, might also prove popular.As a result, mobile operators, handset-makers and start-ups could transform and expand a small, specialist market so far dominated by expensive, dedicated tracking systems.21 The tracking funct
46、ion of the mobile networks was probably first intended for _.（A）federal officials（B） national security（C） parent consumers（D）emergency rescue22 What is special about Child Zone, according to Paragraph 4?（A）It is popular with children who have a mobile phone.（B） It provides both parents and children
47、with much fun.（C） It sends alerts to parents without the childs awareness.（D）It alerts the child if he strays outside a specified zone.23 The example in Paragraph 6 is used to illustrate that_.（A）Nextel provides a different operation strategy（B） GPS technology is vital for tracking service（C） tracki
48、ng service becomes a flourishing business（D）location service is abused by married people24 In order to be competitive in the tracking business, starts-ups need to _.（A）cut down on the service fees（B） provide innovative services（C） relate their services to health care（D）develop their own GPS technolo
49、gy25 What is the main idea of the text?（A）The prospect of tracking services.（B） Mobile phones with GPS functions.（C） The application of location services.（D）The dominating tracking systems.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 237 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的 according to 和 Northbrook前的冠词 the 可以知道 North-brook 及其后的所有内容应该是一个名词词组，表明该句中数据的来源，只有 C 项符合这个要求。noisbased等内容联系不起来，因此 B 项也不正确；如果 Nor
