1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 243 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The numbers in the jobs report for February were bad, but the trends were worse. More than half Of the 4.4 million jobs lost since December 2007, when t
2、he recession began, vanished in the last four months. 4 The unemployment rate has also surged to 8. 1 percent last month from 7. 6 percent in Januaryand from 5. 0 percent when the recession began. The ranks of the unemployed now total 12. 5 million people. Its fortunate, then, that the nations first
3、 line of defense against rising joblessness unemployment insurance- was reinforced in the stimulus law that passed last month. The law increases unemployment benefits by $ 25 a week and allows states to extend those benefits through the end of the year. It also provides $7 billion to the states to c
4、over more than 500,000 workers often part-time, low-wage and femalewho are denied jobless benefits under outdated rules that apply in many states. Those states, of course, must reform their systems to specifically include those workers and to bring their programs more in line with federal guidelines
5、.Congress and the Obama administration must also be prepared to do more as unemployment worsens as it inevitably will in this contracting economy. In 11th-hour wrangling last month, a provision was struck from the stimulus bill that would have provided Medicaid coverage to unemployed workers who do
6、not qualify or cannot afford to stay on their former employers group health insurance. The measure should be reintroduced and passed into law.Indeed, all job-related policies should acknowledge that employment is unlikely to turn around anytime soon. Thats because the economys other headwindsthe hou
7、sing bust and the stock-market wipeoutwill delay any labor market recovery. With both sales and prices for homes declining in most places, many people who might otherwise move to take a new job are compelled to stay put, especially if a sale would not bring in enough money to pay off the mortgage. W
8、ith stocks tanking, many workers are likely to postpone retirement, impairing upward mobility for other workers and crowding out new entrants to the work force.That means that in addition to providing relief for todays unemployed, greater emphasis must be placed on job training and retraining and on
9、 better education at all levels. If a job slump is short and shallow, old jobs come back. If it is long and deep, like the current one, some old jobs never return and even some industries never revive. That makes it imperative to prepare as a nation for the prospect of a vastly different future.1 Th
10、e trends were worse, as is evidenced by the fact that _.（A）unemployment insurance was reinforced in the stimulus law（B） as many as 12. 5 million people in America are unemployed（C） the unemployment rate kept increasing since recession began（D）more than 2. 2 million jobs disappeared in the last four
11、months2 Under the stimulus law passed recently, _.（A）the weekly benefit for each unemployed worker reaches $ 25（B） even part-time workers are entitled to unemployment benefits（C） more than half a million workers are included in the insurance（D）the state insurance programs are in line with federal gu
12、idelines3 The Obama administration is expected to _.（A）improve unemployed insurance（B） deter the economy from worsening（C） introduce an effective stimulus bill（D）protect people from losing their jobs4 It is implied in the text that_ facilitates the labor market recovery.（A）the impairment of upward m
13、obility（B） the early retirement of more workers（C） the timely setup of job-related policies（D）the thriving sales and prices for homes5 Greater emphasis must be placed on job training and retraining since_.（A）providing relief for unemployed is far from adequate（B） todays unemployed should be prepared
14、 for new jobs（C） the current recession is unexpectedly long and deep（D）the economic prospect of our nation is still obscure5 Mom was right stand up straight, brush your hair and quit running around.Those rules may have seemed annoying, but it turns out they make all the difference in the way people
15、perceive you. Actions dont just speak louder than wordsthey can completely drown them out. And slouching or moving too fast through the office can make you look like an underling, according to body language experts.Theres much more that your body can convey. In fact, 55% of what you communicate is s
16、aid through your body language and facial expression, according to one study. Knowing how to send the right message can help you succeed in work and in love.To be seen as powerful and confident on the job, the rules are clear: Always stand up straight and offer a solid handshake. Also, walk fast hut
17、 not too fast. Slow walkers appear to be less ambitious, while those who walk too speedily arc clearly subordinates, says Kevin Hogan, author of The Secret Language of Business. Those who walk with efficiency look like leaders.Both sexes can soften up a little when they leave the workplace. In an am
18、orous setting, men can round their posture and should bend a little, so that their eyes meet their dates at the same level. Eye contact is key to showing another person that youre listening, but there is a right way and a wrong way to do it. Train your eyes on the other persons “golden triangle“, th
19、e area between the eyes and the tip of the nose. But avoid staring directly into someones pupilsit can come off as creepy.In both business and pleasure, first impressions are crucial. For a first meeting, the best way to get on a persons good side is to literally stand on their right-hand side. “If
20、a guy comes up and talks to a girl on her left side, hes already lost the battle,“ says Hogan. Because of the way the brain works, over 90% of the population those who are right handedview people who stand on their right more favorably than those who stand on their left.A great way to build up anoth
21、er persons comfort is to mimic his or her movements. If your date takes a sip of wine, do the same several seconds later. If your boss crosses her legs, cross yours too. Mirroring is something “we instinctively do when we are attracted; we just dont notice,“ says Gregory Hartley, author of Get Peopl
22、e to Do What You Want. But whether were doing it unconsciously or on purpose, it will have the same effect.6 The author believes that when one communicates with others, actions_.（A）dont speak louder than words（B） are more important than words（C） can substitute words completely（D）are no less impressi
23、ve than words7 Ones confidence can be perceived by_.（A）secret language of business（B） whether he works effectively（C） his nonverbal communication（D）what he says and what he does8 It seems that eye contact is（A）a very tricky art for us to master（B） an often overlooked skill to have（C） considered impo
24、lite or aggressive（D）usually assumed to indicate honesty9 When it comes to making the first impression, _.（A）courteous behavior helps enormously（B） a positive attitude is utmost important（C） maintain an upbeat manner and a smile（D）express your individuality appropriately10 According to the text, app
25、ropriate body language _.（A）manifests itself in mimicking your date（B） promises the success in work and in love（C） helps you feel more strong and confident（D）helps create a good first impression of you10 By the time most people realized that whales were not oversize fish but warm-blooded mammals wit
26、h large brains, sophisticated social structures and an elaborate language of squeals, clicks and low moans, it was nearly too late. The orgy of unrestrained whale hunting, which began in the 1600s and became industrialized in the 19th century, had already sent many species into serious decline. Envi
27、ronmental groups, fearing that the whales would become extinct, lobbied hard to bring the hunting and killing to a halt. In 1986 they came very close: the International Whaling Commission(IWC)voted to prohibit whaling, allowing it only for scientific purposes or, in a handful of cases, such as among
28、 native peoples in Alaska and Greenland, to preserve ancient food-gathering practices. But the treaty has proved all too easy to get around. Japan, Iceland and Norway, in particular, have slaughtered tens of thousands of whales in the past 20 years. The first two countries claim they are doing it fo
29、r science, although much of the meat they take ends up on dinner tables. Norway doesn t even bother pretending. It openly flouts the IWCs rules.Now Japan has tipped the ante: at the annual meeting of the IWC last week in the Caribbean nation of St. Kilts and Nevis, the Japanese pushed through a reso
30、lution calling for a repeal of the whaling moratorium, declaring it “no longer necessary“. Fortunately for the whales, the resolution isnt binding. The vote was 33 to 32 in favor, but it would have taken a 75% majority to overturn the ban. For whaling opponents, however, the vote was an ominous sign
31、 of Japans power over the IWCand of its willingness to use strong-arm tactics and not-so-subtle bribery to get its way. Japan has reportedly showered more than $ 100 million in aid in recent years on island nations that it has persuaded to back its pro-whaling positions.And though Japans allies dont
32、 have the votes to overturn the whaling ban, it takes only a simple majority to make other changes to take future votes on secret ballots, for example, so that nations cant be held accountable for their positions, or to exclude antiwhaling groups from IWC meetings. Indeed, Japan last week sparred on
33、ce again with Greenpeace the organization that agitated hardest for the original banuntil Japan was pressured to back off.11 The author intends primarily to tell readers in the first paragraph that _.（A）unrestricted whaling will inevitably result in whales extinction（B） there has been some achieveme
34、nt in the protection of whales（C） the whales would become extinct in the foreseeable future（D）whales are warm-blooded mammals worth strict protecting12 The International Whaling Commission_.（A）is dedicated to the protection of ever-decreasing whales（B） allows scientists to slaughter whales for their
35、 research（C） is not powerful enough to prohibit unrestricted whaling（D）tries its best to prohibit the hunting and killing of whales13 The resolution pushed through by the Japanese isnt binding because_.（A）it exploits illegal tactics to accomplish its aim（B） only a few nations back its pro-whaling po
36、sition（C） its not-so-subtle bribery tactics has been revealed（D）more votes are needed to overturn the whaling ban14 It is implied that _.（A）future votes will he taken on secret ballots（B） Greenpeace strongly supports the whaling ban（C） nations openly taking pro-whaling position are few（D）both Alaska
37、 and Greenland are against the whaling ban15 The text is mainly about _.（A）revenge of the whale hunters（B） the protection of declining whales（C） Japans powerful command of the IWC（D）the tactics used to overturn the whaling ban15 Lets say a patient walks into my office and says hes been feeling down
38、for the past three weeks. A month ago, his fiancee left him for another man, and he feels theres no point in going on. He has not been sleeping well, his appetite is poor and he has lost interest in nearly all of his usual activities.Should I give him a diagnosis of clinical depression? Or is my pat
39、ient merely experiencing what the 14th-century monk Thomas a Kempis called “the proper sorrows of the soul“? The answer is more complicated than some critics of psychiatric diagnosis think. To these critics, psychiatry has medicalized normal sadness by failing to consider the social and emotional co
40、ntext in which people develop low mood for example, after losing a job or experiencing the breakup of an important relationship. This diagnostic failure, the argument goes, has created a bogus epidemic of increasing depression.In their recent book “ The Loss of Sadness“(Oxford, 2007), Allan V. Horwi
41、tz and Jerome C. Wakefield assert that for thousands of years, symptoms of sadness that were “with cause“ were separated from those that were “without cause“. Only the latter were viewed as mental disorders.With the advent of modern diagnostic criteria, these authors argue, doctors were directed to
42、ignore the context of the patient s complaints and .focus only on symptomspoor appetite, insomnia, low energy, hopelessness and so on. The current criteria for major depression, they say, largely fail to distinguish between “abnormal“ reactions caused by “internal dysfunction“ and “normal sadness“ b
43、rought on by external circumstances. And they blame vested interests doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical companies for fostering this bloated concept of depression.Yes, most psychiatrists would concede that in the space of a brief “managed care“ appointment, it s very hard to understand much about
44、the context of the patients depressive complaints. And yes, under such conditions, some doctors are tempted to write that prescription for Prozac or Zoloft and move on to the next patient.But the vexing issue of when bereavement or sadness becomes a disorder, and how it should be treated, requires m
45、uch more study. Most psychiatrists believe that undertreatment of severe depression is a more pressing problem than overtreatment of “normal sadness“. Until solid research persuades me otherwise, I will most likely see people like my jilted patient as clinically depressed, not just “normally sad“and
46、 I will provide him with whatever psychiatric treatment he needs to feel better.16 If a person feels theres no point in going on, he most probably _.（A）fails to sleep and eat well（B） experiences normal sadness（C） loses interests in all activities（D）suffers from clinical depression17 By saying “a bog
47、us epidemic“, the author means _.（A）a universal phenomenon（B） a prevalent chronic disease（C） a false widespread outbreak（D）a rapid transmission of disease18 The authors of the book “ The Loss of Sadness “ assert that the present criteria for major depression _.（A）cant clearly tell mental disorders f
48、rom normal sadness（B） encourage people to redefine the concept of depression（C） focus on symptoms of sadness without apparent causes（D）disregard the environmental context of depressed people 19 The author is inclined to _.（A）prescribe for his patients as quickly as possible（B） give insufficient trea
49、tment to severe depression（C） ignore the context of the patients complaints（D）give too much treatment to normal sadness 20 The proper title for the text should be_.（A）Transition from Sadness to Depression（B） The Misleading Concept of Depression（C） Redefining Depression as Mere Sadness（D）Current Diagnostic Criteria for Depression考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 243 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
