1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 294 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The love affair with business started in the 1980s and has grown into a mighty passion backed not just by money but by glamour and class. In 2009 the mo
2、ney ran out, but the mood was one of such chaos and confusion that it was hard to tell what was going on underneath. In 2010 it will become clear that the class and glamour are draining away from business too. It will be the end of the affair: business will be cool no longer.Throughout this affair t
3、he business schools played the role of cupid. First, they made the study of business into an(almost)respectable academic discipline. More importantly, they made it socially acceptable, something even the classiest person could aspire to.But in 2010, for the second year running, tens of thousands of
4、overqualified MBAs will emerge with nowhere exciting to go. A very few will land jobs in investment banking, but those who want grand jobs in big companies or consultancies will be disappointed. Increasingly they will go crawling back to their old employers to do pretty much whatever they were doing
5、 before for pretty much the same money, thus making them question whether it is really worth the $160,000 that a top MBA costs.This is not going to be a little recessionary dip. It will be a more fundamental reappraisal. The magical myth of the MBA has for some time left the facts behind. In future,
6、 those who stump up will do so because they want to learn the skills, not because they think they are buying entry into a cool and exclusive club.Some good things will follow from this. There will be fewer smart Alecs who think they know it all pouring into companies. There has been a bear market in
7、 management bullshit since the credit crunch began. In 2010 the decline of the MBA will cut off the supply of bullshit at source. Pretentious ideas about business will be in retreat. But there will be bad things too: if fewer bright, ambitious people go into business, economies may suffer. Instead t
8、he talent will go increasingly into the public sector, the law, medicinewhich are already bursting with bright people as it is.While the decline of the B-schools will weaken the glamour of business in general, the government will do its bit too with increasing regulation. In 2010,being a board direc
9、tor of a listed company will never have been less fun: not only will the procedural side be more demanding, there will be even greater public hysteria over what directors are paid. And with those at the top having such a grim time, it is unrealistic to expect any excitement at the bottom.1 It is ind
10、icated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that（A）business does not mean money, class, or glamour any more.（B） business has suffered its Waterloo in 2008 financial crisis.（C） B-schools have played an important role in the business fever.（D）B-schools made business accepted by every household in America.2 The autho
11、r holds that in 2010 many MBA. students will most probably（A）be provided with grand jobs in big companies.（B） do old jobs with old employers for the same money.（C） ask business schools to pay them back.（D）obtain no money, no class, and no glamour.3 The authors attitude towards the decline of MBA. is
12、 one of（A）satisfaction.（B） sympathy.（C） objectiveness.（D）skepticism.4 The statement “greater public hysteria over what directors are paid“(Line 4, Para. 6)means（A）MBAs will increasingly desire to become directors because they are handsomely paid.（B） more and more people will become extremely angry a
13、bout directors huge payments.（C） the public will feel excited when they know that directors are paid less and less.（D）more and more people will be angry about directors paying a lot to get an MBA.5 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）The End of the Business Affair（B） Glorio
14、us Past, Gloomy Future（C） MBA: Is It Worthwhile?（D）The Decline of the MBA5 I am addicted to electricity. So are you. And so is your business. We live in an “always on“ worldair conditioners, streetlights, TVs, PCs, cell phones, and more. And with forecasts that well need 40% more electricity by 2030
15、, determining how we can realistically feed our energy addiction without ruining our environment is the critical challenge of the new century. Of course, we could buy energy-saving appliances or drive fuel-efficient cars. We can recycle cans, bottles, and newspapers. We can even plant carbon-absorbi
16、ng trees. But, no matter how much we may wish they would, these acts by themselves wont satisfy our energy demands. To do that, we need a diverse energy mix that takes a practical, rather than emotional, approach.Enter nuclear energy. Nuclear alone wont get us to where we need to be, but we wont get
17、 there without it. Despite its controversial reputation, nuclear is efficient and reliable. Its also clean, emitting no greenhouse gases or regulated air pollutants while generating electricity. And with nuclear power, we get the chance to preserve the Earths climate while at the same time meeting o
18、ur future energy needs.Moreover, many of the management woes that gave the early nuclear business a black eye have finally been overcome. A five-year project in Alabama was completed on time and very close to budget. Also, US-designed reactors have been built in about four years in Asia, and new nuc
19、lear plants on the drawing board for installation here in America will be licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under a speedier process that should be far more efficient than the one in place when the 104 nuclear facilities operating today were licensed.But this streamlined process will not
20、 compromise nuclear safety and security. The NRC holds nuclear reactors to the highest safety and security standards of any American industry. A two-day national security simulation in Washington, D.C., in 2002 concluded nuclear plants “are probably our best defended targets.“ And because of their a
21、dvanced design and sophisticated containment structures, US nuclear plants emit a negligible amount of radiation. Even if you lived next door to a nuclear power plant, you would still be exposed to less radiation each year than you would receive in just one round-trip flight from New York to Los Ang
22、eles.Heres the reality: The US needs more energy, and we need to get it without further harming our environment. Everything is a trade-off. Nothing is free, and nuclear plants are not cheap to build. But we have a choice to make: We can either continue the 30-year debate about whether we should embr
23、ace nuclear energy, or we can accept its practical advantages. Love it or not, expanding nuclear energy makes both environmental and business sense.6 According to the first paragraph, in order to satisfy our energy needs, we need to（A）mix all kinds of energies.（B） focus on our energy addiction.（C） d
24、o everything to save energy.（D）establish a diversified energy structure.7 According to the passage, nuclear energy could（A）enjoy a good and popular fame.（B） provide us with adequate energy in future.（C） help us get to where we need to be.（D）keep our climate clean.8 The expression “a black eye“(Line
25、1, Paragraph 3)most probably means（A）an unfriendly attitude.（B） a pleasant attitude.（C） a changing attitude.（D）a doubtful attitude.9 The national security simulation in 2002 shows that（A）nuclear plants should be best protected.（B） nuclear radiation would be much less and not so serious.（C） nuclear s
26、afety and security standards would be the strictest.（D）nuclear technology should be highly advanced and sophisticated.10 The authors attitude toward the nuclear energy could possibly be（A）affirmative and supportive.（B） controversial and doubtful.（C） unnecessary but important.（D）important but dangero
27、us.10 A full-time job doesnt have to destroy all hope of family dinners or afternoon playtime. Women can increase their chances of getting on the new mommy track through successful negotiation both at work and at home.After lawyer Lindsay Androski Kelly, 30, decided she would work only at a firm tha
28、t allowed flexible hours, she specifically asked about family-friendly policies during job interviews. While Kellys approach worked for her, Michelle Goodman, warns against asking for flexibility too early, before proving oneself on the job. “You do need to pay your dues a little bit,“ she says. She
29、 recommends researching companies ahead of time to find out whether theyre known for family-friendly arrangements.Pat Katepoo, founder of WorkO, which offers guidance on achieving customized work arrangements, suggests first pitching a trial period. “Even if supervisors are nervous about a nontradit
30、ional arrangement, they will feel some sense of control if theres a backdoor option for stopping it.“ Putting the proposal in writing with clear explanations of how the job will still get done also helps, Katepoo says. In her experience, if employees have worked for a manager for at least one to two
31、 years, are reliable performers, and have a trusting relationship with their manager, they have an 80 percent chance of at least getting a trial period.Regardless of the schedule, setting boundariessuch as having a policy against meetings after 5 p.m. is key, says Mary Ann Mason, co-author of Mother
32、s on the Fast Track: How a New Generation Can Balance Family and Careers. She also urges women not to wait too long before having children. For some fields, especially those that require extensive training such as academia or medicine, its easier to have small children earlier, rather than during wh
33、at Mason calls the “make or break“ years between ages 30 and 40.Women working in low-skilled jobs, on the other hand, usually find flexibility only by lucking into employers who accept it, says Leslie Morgan Steiner, editor of Mommy Wars. “Men and women at the lowest income levels dont have any leve
34、rage,“ she says.Women across the economic spectrum benefit from support at home. Leslie Bennetts, author of The Feminine Mistake: Are We Giving Up Too Much?, encourages women to find a way to continue working throughout motherhood: “Women must insist that their husbands share everything.“ Many women
35、 appear to be doing just that: A University of Maryland study found that the time men spent on housework almost doubled between the 1960s and 1990s, by which time they were doing one third of it.11 “New mommy track“ in the first paragraph is probably featured as（A）achieving great success in the nego
36、tiation work.（B） striking the balance between family life and full-time job.（C） increasing their chances of getting a full-time job.（D）avoiding wasting time in family dinners and afternoon playtime.12 By saying “You do need to pay your dues a little bit“(Lines 4-5, Paragraph 2), Michelle means that
37、women（A）have to learn to live on their own by paying bills themselves.（B） should ask for flexible hours once they apply for the job.（C） must work hard to prove themselves before asking for flexibility.（D）must pay attention to the family-friendly policies during job interviews.13 According to Pat Kat
38、epoo, women are more likely to get a trial period when they（A）keep on asking the manager for a trial period.（B） provide backdoor options to the manager.（C） explain how they will get the job done to the manager.（D）perform well and win the trust from the manager.14 Which of the following is true accor
39、ding to the text?（A）Mary Ann Mason urges women to have children earlier.（B） Steiner holds that women working in low-skilled jobs cant have any flexible hours.（C） Pat Katepoo believes that setting boundaries in the working place is very important.（D）Michelle Goodman encourages women to ask for flexib
40、ility as soon as possible.15 Leslie Bennetts comments suggest that working women（A）should give up working throughout motherhood.（B） must let their husbands do everything in the family.（C） must let their husbands double the time they spend on housework.（D）should let their husbands share housework in
41、the family.15 Louis Armstrong sang, “When youre smiling, the whole world smiles with you.“ Romantics everywhere may be surprised to learn that psychological research has proven this sentiment to be truemerely seeing a smile(or a frown, for that matter)will activate the muscles in our face that make
42、that expression, even if we are unaware of it. Now, according to a new study in Psychological Science, simply reading certain words may also have the same effect.Psychologists Francesco Foroni from VU University Amsterdam and Gun R. Semin from the University of Utrecht conducted two experiments to s
43、ee if emotion language has an influence on facial muscle activity. In the first experiment, a group of students read a series of emotion verbs(e.g., “to smile,“ “to cry“)and adjectives(e.g., “funny,“ “frustrating“)on a monitor, while the activity of their zygomatic major(the muscle responsible for s
44、miles)and corrugator supercilii(which causes frowns)muscles were measured. The results showed that reading action verbs activated the corresponding muscles. For example, “to laugh“ resulted in activation of the zygomatic major muscle, but did not cause any response in the muscles responsible for fro
45、wning. Interestingly, when presented with the emotion adjectives like “funny“ or “frustrating“ the volunteers demonstrated much lower muscle activation compared to their reactions to emotion verbs. The researchers note that muscle activity is “induced in the reader when reading verbs representing fa
46、cial expressions of emotion.“Can this natural bodily reaction affect our judgments? In another experiment, volunteers watched a series of cartoons and were unconsciously shown emotion verbs and adjectives after each one. They were then asked to rate how funny they thought the cartoons were. Half of
47、the participants held a pen with their lips, to prevent them from smiling, while the remaining participants did not have their muscle movement blocked. The results reveal that even when emotion verbs are presented unconsciously, they are able to influence judgmentvolunteers found cartoons to be funn
48、ier when they were preceded by smiling verbs than if they were preceded by frowning-related verbs. However, this effect only occurred in the volunteers who were able to smilevolunteers who had muscle movement blocked did not show this relationship between emotion verbs and how funny they judged the
49、cartoons as being.The results of these experiments reveal that simply reading emotion verbs activates specific facial muscles and can influence judgments we make. The researchers note these findings suggest that “language is not merely symbolic, but also somatic,“ and they conclude that “these experiments provide an important bridge between research on the neurobiological basis of language and related behavioral research.“16 Louis Armstrong is cited in first paragraph to（A）provide as a proof that smiles are infectious.（B） introduce the topic to be e
