1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 330 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Surveys show that cheating in schoolplagiarism, forbidden collaboration on assignments, copying homework and cheating on exams- has soared since researc
2、hers first measured the phenomenon on a broad scale at 99 colleges in the mid-1960s. The percentage of students who copied from another student during tests grew from 26 percent in 1963 to 52 percent in 1993, and the use of crib notes during exams went from 6 percent to 27 percent, according to a st
3、udy conducted by Dr. Donald McCabe of Rutgers. By the mid-1990s, only a small minority said they had never cheated, meaning that cheating had become part of the acceptable status quo.Dr. McCabes later national survey of 25,000 high school students from 2001 to 2008 yielded equally depressing results
4、: more than 90 percent said they had cheated in one way or another.Dr. Jason Stephens of the University of Connecticut has now embarked on a three year pilot program to reduce cheating. His premise is that honesty and integrity are not only values but also habits habits that can be encouraged in sch
5、ool settings, with positive benefits later in life. The program seeks to enlist students and teachers in six high schools in promoting a culture of honesty. Schools will be asked to consider honor codes, and, since peer pressure is vitally important, students will be invited to help shape policies a
6、nd strategies to discourage cheating. Two schools are suburban and wealthy, two are middle class, two are urban and poor. One school from each pair will work to end the cheating epidemic, and the other will serve as the control group.The challenge is daunting. Students of both genders and every demo
7、graphic group cheat even though they know it is wrong, a mind-set Dr. Stephens describes as “a corrosive force“ especially when it is acquired in the early years of moral development. The fact that so many students cheat doesnt make them intrinsically bad, he says: “Its not a case of the bad seed. I
8、ts more like bad soil. “But theres hope. The 1993 study suggested that cheating dropped in schools that encouraged a culture of integrityeither by formally instituting an honor code or by stressing at every turn the importance of honesty and integrity. A follow-up study showed that dishonest busines
9、s behavior was lowest among employees who had attended schools with an honor code and whose workplaces encouraged ethical behavior.If the effort shows results, Dr. Stephens plans to enlist more schools in the hope that eventually a standardized program will be adopted throughout the state. If that h
10、appens, both students and society as a whole will profit.1 It is shown in surveys that academic plagiarism_.（A）has been an acceptable practice in society（B） has become more rampant among students（C） was a phenomenon prevalent at 99 colleges（D）was popular in schools when first measured2 According to
11、a study by Rutgers._.（A）cheating on exams had become more prevalent（B） numerous students used crib notes during exams（C） more than 90 percent of students had ever cheated（D）copying during tests exceeded copying homework3 By initiating a pilot program. Dr. Stephens intended_.（A）to promote the culture
12、 of academic morality（B） to prove the value of honesty and integrity（C） to testify to the positive effects of honesty（D）to lessen the plagiarism in school settings4 The pilot program _.（A）has to face the serious situation of dishonesty in schools（B） helps draw up policies and strategies to reduce ch
13、eating（C） identifies a mind set as “a corrosive force“ for students（D）attests to the inclination of both genders for cheating5 Dr. Stephens is optimistic about the prospect of his program since _.（A）both schools and workplaces try to encourage ethical behavior（B） a modified program will sooner or la
14、ter be adopted everywhere（C） the effort to discourage cheating has shown some positive effects（D）all the schools emphasize the importance of honesty and integrity5 Even though the number of legal and illegal immigrants in the United States has risen sharply since the early 1990s, the size and condit
15、ion of the economic underclass has not. In fact, by several measures the number of people in America living on the bottom rungs of the economic ladder has been in a long term decline. Moreover, those immigrants who populate the underclass appear on the whole to be more socially functional than their
16、 native-born counterparts.Consider the most basic measure of the underclass: the number of people subsisting below the official poverty line as measured by the Census Bureaus Current Population Survey(which measures all individuals residing in the United States, regardless of status). Between 1993 a
17、nd 2007that is, before the current recession took hold- the number of individuals living in poverty declined from 39 million to 37 million. The number of immigrants living in poverty increased by a million, but this was offset by a drop of 3 million in the number of native-born Americans in poverty.
18、 The period saw an increase of 1. 8 million in the number of Hispanics living in poverty, but this was dwarfed by the 3. 8 million decline among non-Hispanics, including a 1. 6 million decline among blacks. Another measure of the underclass is the number of adults without a high-school diploma. An a
19、dult or a head of household without a high-school education is almost invariably confined to lower-wage occupations with limited prospects for advancement. Sure enough, the trend in education follows that of poverty. From 1993 through 2006, the number of adults in America age 25 and older without a
20、diploma declined from 32 million to 28 million. The number of adult Hispanic dropouts rose by 3. 9 million, much of that due to the progeny of low-skilled illegal immigrants from Mexico and Central America. Rut among the rest of the population, the number of dropouts plunged by 8. 1 million.Educatio
21、nal attainment by citizenship status covers a slightly different period but confirms the trend. From 1995 to 2004, the number of adults without a high-school diploma declined by 2. 9 million. An increase of 2. 4 million in the number of immigrant dropouts was overwhelmed by a decline of 5. 3 million
22、 in native horn dropouts. As a result of these underlying trends, the underclass in our society has been shrinking as its face has become more Hispanic and foreign-born.6 We learn from the text that the lower class in the U. S._（A）has become diminished（B） has been on the steady rise（C） has always be
23、en functional（D）consists mainly of immigrants7 Before 2008, poor people in America _.（A）increased by at least a million（B） decreased by as many as 3 millions（C） lived below the official poverty line（D）were obviously reduced by and large8 Among people living in poverty in the U. S. . the number of_ h
24、as risen.（A）native-born Americans（B） foreign-born Americans（C） both non-Hispanics and blacks（D）both Hispanics and non-Hispanics9 By saying “the trend in education follows that of poverty“, the author means that poor people_.（A）have few prospects for progress（B） tend to be insufficiently educated（C）
25、engage in lower-wage occupations（D）are mainly low-skilled immigrants10 Which of the following contributes to the shrinkage of the underclass in the U. S. ?（A）The confirmation of the educational trend.（B） The increase of Hispanic and foreign-born.（C） The tendency in both poverty and education.（D）The
26、period covered by educational attainment.10 Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one of the most significant carbon-reducing innovations of the last 30 years standing in their kitchens, keeping the butter hard.Refr
27、igerators sold in the United States have grown 5% more energy efficient every year since 1975. Today they save 200 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year compared to what theyd use if they were still built to 30-year-old standards, or about a third of the annual output of all the nations nucle
28、ar plants. Upgraded fridges have lowered electricity bills for consumers and avoided millions of tons of carbon that would otherwise have been emitted by power plants. Heating and air-conditioning systems also have grown more efficient, and fluorescent lightbulbs are a big step ahead of power-hungry
29、 incandescents.Critics of government efforts to fend off global warming often complain that the economic costs arent worth the gains better to adapt later to a warmer planet than suffer now by turning down the thermostat. This argument relies on a lot of dubious assumptions, starting with the notion
30、 that quality of life wont be significantly reduced in a world plagued by drought, wildfires, increased disease and famine, more powerful storms, mass species extinction and higher sea levels. It also assumes that the cost of cleaning up after all that will be less than the cost of preventing it fro
31、m happening.Nicholas Stern, former chief economist with the World Bank, estimates that failing to invest in cutting carbon would eventually cost up to 20% in lost income worldwide. The final report from the U. N. s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out that adapting to global warming
32、 is a necessity because its too late to stop the process, but that doesnt reduce the need to head off the worst effects.Global-warming deniers are right about one thing: Phasing out fossil fuels will be expensive. But the most effective way of doing so not only doesnt add costs, it saves money and b
33、oosts economies. Energy efficiency is the fastest, safest and cheapest method currently available for cutting carbon emissions. Its also one of the least understood, because it involves a lot more than adding insulation to buildings or installing power-sipping air conditioners. To make really hefty
34、efficiency gains, the U. S. must follow Californias lead in restructuring incentives for utilities, and regulatory agencies should do much more to encourage important innovations such as cogeneration plants.11 By citing the example of fluorescent lightbulbs. the author intends to show that_.（A）they
35、are more energy efficient than incandescent:（B） they arc one of the best innovations we ever know（C） solutions to climate change are not necessarily unusual（D）many measures have been taken to fight global warming12 The author points out that refrigerators_.（A）have become more and more advanced（B） co
36、nsume less power than ever before（C） are responsible for global warming（D）initiate carbon-reducing campaign13 Some people criticize government for the efforts to diminish global warming, for they believe that_.（A）its better for people to live in a warmer world（B） its more cost-efficient to clean up
37、the world later（C） the quality of life will become higher in the future（D）people can adapt to whatever change they may face14 The author argues that_.（A）its too late to stop the process of global warming（B） the investment in cutting carbon boosts economies（C） its obviously a necessity to adapt to gl
38、obal warming（D）the worst effects of global warming can be alleviated15 The author suggests that currently we should_ to cut carbon emissions.（A）improve energy efficiency（B） develop regeneration plants（C） reduce the use of fossil fuels（D）invest in new forms of energy15 Individuals can make the world
39、a better place by considering everyone is an individual and accepting the diversities in this world. Consideration of others is a major component in communication. Communicating our wishes to others, without demanding or feeling we are owed something. Humility is another virtue used to enable people
40、 to coexist without hostility and bigotry. Consider, everyone in the world has the same basic needs and wants. We all wish to have approval and succeed at the things we do. Be courteous in your dealings with every individual and always be respectful towards them, this will aid in making the world a
41、better place. Random acts of kindness to perfect strangers would certainly enhance how we feel about each other. Speak to others as you pass them on the street. We can turn this trend around and it does start with just one individual. Start with thanking people for any small favor. Dont hesitate to
42、help someone if you can. The results are remarkable and contagious. Tell a friend and soon those friends will tell other friends to be kinder and gentler. Positive trains of thoughts, really do stop at most stops. Invite people to get on board. Hopefully soon the train will be crowded. Wouldnt that
43、be a better place to live?A basic principle taught to us by most religions is “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you“. I want someone to be kind to me. That is my cue to be kind to them also. We can all have a hand in making this world a better place. Respect our planet. Everyone wants t
44、o attend nice clean beaches and walk down a street without trash strewn everywhere. Disciplining our individual characters will enhance how we treat others and how we feel about ourselves. In Australia, a popular greeting is “Good day mate“. Its clever, quaint, and sounds nice too.The first and very
45、 last thing we can do is pray for one another. That woman you just passed on the street, you dont need to know her name. You can just ask God to bless her. Wouldnt it be wonderful, if strangers you met, gave you their blessings? What a wonderful world this could be. We can start by saying this simpl
46、e phrase, “May God Bless you“.Louis Armstrong sings in his song, “what a wonderful world this could be“. He imagined it and sang about it. So can I. These are all conscious efforts. Every individual can make.16 We learn from paragraph 1 that_.（A）humility used to co-exist with hostility（B） respecting
47、 each other benefits the world（C） everyone demands normal communication（D）everyone can make the world a better place17 The author suggests that we should_.（A）advocate for being more respectful to others（B） thank people gratefully for anything they do（C） speak to every stranger we meet on the street（
48、D）encourage more people to take trains of thoughts18 By citing “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you“, the author intends to show that_.（A）it holds true for everyone and everywhere（B） it prompts one to be kinder to other people（C） this principle is religious rather than secular（D）respec
49、ting others invites respect from others19 In the authors opinion, to become more respectful to others, one should_.（A）ask God to bless any woman he passes on the street（B） greet everyone he meets warmly with “Good day mate“（C） try his best to strengthen moral cultivation consciously（D）initiate a conversation with others by praying sincerely20 The author cites what Louis Armstrong sings in his song to show that_.（A）he appreciates Louis Armstrongs talent in s
