1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 368 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The death of the actress Natasha Richardson after a fall on a ski slope has further publicized an ugly truth that millions of Americans already know: Ha
2、rdly anyone outside of an emergency room knows how to respond to brain trauma. There isnt a standard response system that has been adequately promulgated in high school or college athletics, boxing rings or ski resorts. Were fascinated by the inner workings of the brain and marvel at its mysteries,
3、yet we arent very serious about protecting our most prized organ.According to a 2008 list put together by the American Academy of Certified Brain Injury Specialists, there isnt a single certified brain injury specialist working on Americas ski slopes.Brain injury prevention and research has been not
4、oriously underfinanced for decades now. In 2007, the federal AIDS budget was $22. 8 billion, and Parkinson s disease received $250 million. In contrast, the Health and Human Services Departments traumatic brain injury program, the most substantive public health program targeting this problem, was al
5、lotted only $ 8. 5 million, and last year President George W. Bush even proposed eliminating it.(President Obama recently added around $ 1 million to the program.)There has been some good news, too. The Department of Defense has increased allocations for brain injury research in recent years. One of
6、 the most promising neurotrauma protocols comes from an Emory University researcher, Donald Stein, whose work suggests that a dose of the hormone progesterone administered within 24 hours of a brain injury could have a profound protective effect. In three years, an injection of progesterone might be
7、 standard procedure in every emergency response arsenal.The best hope for legislative reform comes from the National Neurotechnology Initiative Act, introduced last year, which calls for $200 million toward “science and technology that allows an individual to analyze, understand, treat and heal the
8、brain and nervous system“. Each year, 1. 4 million Americans sustain a brain injury. Some of them, like Natasha Richardson, will wave off the trauma and continue as before, only to be permanentlyor mortallyinjured as a result. With more than 300,000 troops possibly affected by brain injury, the mili
9、tary is creating a sophisticated neurotrauma response system. How many millions of civilian brains must be injured before our nation provides a similar response?1 The death of an actress is cited to show that _.（A）few people are knowledgeable about the danger of skiing（B） average people know little
10、about how to protect their brains（C） most people hardly know anything about how a brain works（D）millions of Americans know a lot about the ugly brain trauma2 The fact that there isnt a single certified brain injury specialist working on Americas ski slopes illustrates that _.（A）we fail to pay adequa
11、te attention to the protection of our brains（B） there lacks a perfect response system to brain injury in America（C） specialists are only interested in the inner workings of the brain（D）its urgent to have brain injury specialists working on ski slopes3 The brain injury prevention and research in Amer
12、ica _.（A）might have been eliminated by Bush Administration（B） has been the most substantive public health program（C） is notorious since it has been underfinanced for years（D）has been neglected by higher authorities for a long time4 Even if the Department of Defense; has increased allocations for bra
13、in injury research, _.（A）millions of Americans sustain a brain injury each year（B） some sufferers from such injury are hardly to be injured for good（C） a sophisticated neurotrauma response system is to be created（D）the suffering from brain injury cannot be effectively alleviated5 The author implies
14、that the prospect for the prevention of brain injury is_.（A）grim（B） bright（C） doubtful（D）formidable5 If you go to a football game, a rock concert or a fraternity kegger, you will not be surprised to find people screaming, laughing, bumping chests, ringing cowbells, baying at the moon and generally s
15、hedding their inhibitions. If you attend a wedding ceremony, a funeral or a confirmation, however, you may expect those around you to comport themselves in a polite and restrained manner.School commencement exercises used to fall into the latter category, but they have been moving make that descendi
16、ngtoward the former. The question being addressed in Galesburg, 111. , is whether to surrender to that slide or try to reverse it. And Im happy to report that school officials there not only favor reversal but have actually managed to bring it about.They adopted several reforms, the most important o
17、f which was to establish clear rules and require students and parents to sign forms listing forbidden conductsuch as yelling, dancing, making gestures, using noisemakers and other “disruptive behavior“. The school also spelled out the consequences “should the graduating student and/or family/friends
18、 admitted to the ceremony“ misbehave: The student would be barred from the school party and would not get an actual diploma(though he or she would still be considered a graduate). An insert went into the commencement program in case anyone needed one last reminder.Administrators say the new policy p
19、roduced a huge improvement. But this year, a few recalcitrants had to test the limits, and the school decided to withhold diplomas from five students. They were offered the chance to get their diplomas by performing eight hours of community service. On Wednesday, though, school officials relented, s
20、aying it was time “to move on“.At a typical graduation, most people dont need to be told to show courtesy and respect for others. But there are always some attendees who insist on calling attention to themselves. And all it takes is a handful of the unruly to spoil the experience for everyone else.S
21、ome people think that a commencement is a celebration, and that celebrations by definition should be unrestrained. By that logic, wedding guests should be blowing noisemakers during the recitation of vows. Modern America does not lack for parties. What it increasingly lacks is rituals that treat lan
22、dmarks in life with a sense of solemnity.School officials in Galesburg may have fallen short of a perfect solution, but they at least are trying to preserve a tradition their community values. They understand that a society which treats every happy occasion as a frolic is a society in danger of forg
23、etting that some moments are worthy of dignity, respect and even awe.6 The author argues that in some special Occasions people are expected_.（A）to show their feelings lightheartedly（B） to shed their inhibitions（C） to behave politely（D）to play it cool7 The word “slide“ in the 2nd paragraph refers to
24、the tendency that_.（A）there are fewer school commencement exercises（B） some people become less restrained in solemn ceremonies（C） school officials favor the reforms of commencement exercises（D）people interested in school commencement are less than before8 The school officials in Galesburg, Ill. _.（A
25、）require students and parents to sign forms（B） admit parents to attend school ceremonies（C） have established specific rules for students and parents（D）forbid students to behave impolitely in school ceremonies9 The author asserts that_.（A）students who misbehave should be punished（B） celebrations shou
26、ld no doubt be unrestrained（C） some moments should be treated with solemnity（D）people should never call attention to themselves10 The author believes that what school officials in Galesburg are doing is_.（A）worthy of praise（B） far from adequate（C） more than sufficient（D）obviously imperfect10 Heart f
27、ailure patients who started an aerobic exercise program reported better quality of life after three months, though the activity only modestly reduced their risk of being hospitalized or dying over two and a half years, researchers have found. The results appear to resolve the question of whether it
28、is safe for medically stable patients with heart failure to engage in physical activity, since participants in the exercise group were no more likely to suffer an adverse event than those who were not exercising. Patients with heart failure have traditionally been told to rest, but that recommendati
29、on is changing in light of evidence that suggests physical activity is beneficial and may even increase survival rates in some patients.Two studies, to be published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medical Association, report data from a controlled clinical trial sponsored by the National He
30、art, Lung and Blood Institute. One analysis found that exercise improved overall well-being, while the other found that it slightly reduced the risk of hospital admissions and death.Some five million Americans have heart failure, in which the heart fails to pump enough blood for the bodys needs, and
31、 an estimated 500,000 cases are diagnosed each year. Though medication and other treatments exist, patients often suffer from poor quality of life. Simple activities like climbing stairs leave them tired and short of breath; they are frequently hospitalized and at high risk for premature death. The
32、trial followed 2,331 stable heart failure patients from the United States, Canada and France, with a median age of 59. Fewer than one-third were women. The patients were randomly assigned to their usual medical care or to standard treatment combined with an aerobic exercise program, then followed fo
33、r two and a half years on average. Exercise participants began by using a treadmill or a stationary bicycle 15 minutes to 35 minutes three times a week, working up to 40 minutes five times a week.Death and hospitalization rates were only slightly lower in the exercise group. About 65 percent, or 759
34、 patients, in the exercise training group died or were hospitalized, compared with 68 percent, or 796 patients, in the usual care group. After accounting for several variables, the scientists determined that patients who exercised cut their risk of death and hospitalization by 11 percent.Dr. Kathryn
35、 E. Flynn, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Duke School of Medicine, said over half of the patients who exercised had palpable improvements in quality of life measures, compared with only 29 percent in the group that received usual care.11 It is reported that aerob
36、ic exercise program_.（A）relieves patients of the pain they suffer（B） restores both mental and physical health（C） reduces the sufferings from heart failure（D）markedly lowers the risk of dying soon12 If medically stable patients with heart failure take regular physical exercise, they_.（A）are not likel
37、y to die within two years（B） still run the risk of being hospitalized（C） may live as normally as healthy people（D）are likely to survive longer than otherwise13 In spite of medication and treatment,_.（A）as many as five million Americans suffer heart failure（B） patients with heart failure suffer a lot
38、 in their daily life（C） heart fails to pump enough blood for the bodys needs（D）many new cases of heart failure are reported each year14 According to a clinical trial on patients with heart failure, light exercise is_.（A）conducive to the improvement of life quality（B） not likely to replace the standa
39、rd treatment（C） only complementary to usual medical care（D）effective to reduce the risk of dying soon15 The author argues that stable heart disorder people_.（A）run little risk of death if taking aerobic exercises（B） require usual medical care and standard treatment（C） are less likely to be hospitali
40、zed if taking exercise（D）often feel tired and breathless when going up stairs15 Combining animal and human genes provokes unease among some philosophers, theologians, and ordinary citizens. Currently, scientists want to inject the nuclei of human cells into animal eggs generally from cows and rabbit
41、sthat have been stripped of their nuclei to create cell hybrids, or cybrids. No one knows if such cybrid embryos might grow into human babies if implanted in an appropriate womb. Would such cybrid babies suffer some physical or mental problems as a result of their animal genetic heritage? The real r
42、isks of creating physically and mentally diminished human beings mean that it would be immoral to grow human-animal cybrids into full-term babies. But lets flip the questioninstead of diminishing humans, what about uplifting animals by boosting their intelligence and physical dexterity?Would it be w
43、rong to uplift animals and make them happy slaves? Creating happy uplifted animal slaves faces two chief moral objections. First, I would not want to be a happy slave. If I wouldnt want to be one then I assume no one else, including uplifted animals, would want to be. Second, a society dependent on
44、happy slaves would be morally corrosive.So why wouldnt I want to be a happy slaveafter all I would be, by definition, happy. I reject happy servitude because I don t want limitations placed on my capacities and my aspirations. But of course, my genes and environment have already limited my intellect
45、ual and physical capacities and aspirations. However, living as a human discontented with my shortcomings, I know that it is “Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven“. When sufficient progress has been made later this century, I hope to have the power of choosing how to use new technologies to
46、 enhance my capacities and even at the risk of overwhelming and destroying my own identity. On the point of moral corrosion, consider the plot of The Planet of the Apes. What has happened is that the humans uplifted the apes and became so dependent upon their simian servants that their intellects de
47、cayed. There are, of course, lots of confounding factors, but history features no economically and technologically robust slave-holding civilizations. In any case, I suspect humanity will become deeply integrated with our increasingly powerful computational technologies so that happy animal slaves w
48、ill be basically useless anyway. A rich speculative literature makes it clear that there are a plenty of ways in which uplift technologies could be misused or go awry, but there is no bright moral line forbidding the uplift of animals to human-level intelligence. Successfully uplifted animals would
49、have to be treated with the same moral respect that we owe to human persons.16 The author believes that it is immoral to_.（A）create cell hybrid, or cybrids（B） strip human cells of their nuclei（C） create diminished human beings（D）combine animal and human genes17 Even some ordinary people worry that_.（A）human-animal cybrids will soon grow into full-term babies（B） cybrid babies might suffer some physical or mental problems（C） happy animal slaves will be successfully created soon
