1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 36 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Network SafetyA House committee is reopening its investigation of Internet services that let computer users distribute music and movies online amid repor
2、ts the same software was exploited to gain unauthorized access to government and private data.The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee sent letters to the Justice Department, Federal Trade Commission and The Lime Group, which runs Lime Wire, a popular file-sharing service. The letters, si
3、gned by chairman Edolphus Towns, sought information about any such breaches and what the Obama administration and company are doing, to protect against them.Internet file-sharing links computers across the Internet and allows users to access files stored on any other computer within the network. In
4、the past, these networks have been popular among people who distribute popular music, movies and commercial software without paying legally required copyright fees.The House committee held hearings in 2007. The problem of pirated music has since declined due to rising popularity of legal services su
5、ch as iTunes, concerns over the threat of personal lawsuits by the entertainment industry and efforts by colleges to limit illicit data traffic on their computer networks. Lime Wire is the largest remaining such network popular among computer users.Witnesses at the earlier hearings “easily obtained
6、bank records, health records, military files, tax returns, corporate documents, and other highly sensitive private ides via the Lime Wire network“, Towns and Issa wrote to Mark Gorton, chairman of The Lime Group.They recalled that Gorton told lawmakers he would make significant changes in the softwa
7、re to prevent inadvertent disclosures of personal or confidential information over the Internet service.“However, it appears that nearly two years after your commitment to make significant changes in the software, Lime Wire and other P2P (peer-to-peer) providers have not taken adequate steps to addr
8、ess this critical problem,“ Towns and Issa wrote.Asked about the renewed investigation, Lime Wire spokeswoman Linda Lipman responded, “we at Lime Wire understand that Internet safety is the most important, and we strive to offer peer-to-peers most secure technology.“ She said the company had worked
9、with other P2P providers and regulators to develop and implement protections, including changes in default settings; file-sharing controls; shared folder configurations; and sensitive-file-type restrictions.“Our newest version, Lime Wire 5.0, by default, does not share sensitive file types such as s
10、preadsheets or documents,“ Lipman said. “In fact, the software does not share any file or directory without explicit permission from the user.“1 Why is the investigation of Internet services that let computer users distribute music and movies online reopened?（A）Because it is reported that Lime Wire
11、and other P2P providers were used to get illegal access to personal and confidential data.（B） Because it is reported that the problem of pirated music has not been solved since the hearing held by The House Committee in 2007.（C） Because it is reported that the letters sent to the Justice Department
12、are not telling the truth.（D）Because it is reported that some Internet services dont pay legally required copyright fees.2 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Worrying about the threat of personal lawsuits by the entertainment industry hasnt disappeared since the hearing in 20
13、07.（B） Colleges still have to limit the illegal information spreading on their computer networks after the hearing in 2007.（C） Lime Wire continued to distribute pirated music and movies online, though it has promised to make significant changes in the software.（D）Lime Wire has taken adequate steps t
14、o address the problem of disclosing per coal and confidential information over the Internet service.3 The word “pirated“, (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means（A）private（B） illegally copied（C） legally copied（D）confidential4 Which statement about Lime Wires response to the renewed investigation is TR
15、UE?（A）Although Lime Wire 5. 0 still has the function to share sensitive file types, it will share with the permission from the users.（B） It promised that it would take adequate steps to solve this problem soon.（C） It argued that other P2P providers also allowed users to access files stored on other
16、computer within the network.（D）It had already cooperated with other P2P providers to change the default settings in order to stop sharing sensitive file types.5 What is the main topic of this passage?（A）Lawmakers re-examine Internet-sharing softwares.（B） Users gain unauthorized access to government
17、and private data through Lime Wire.（C） Lime Group improves its new version Lime Wire 5.0 in Internet safety.（D）The hearing held in 2007 made a difference to the problem of Internet safety.5 The Accountability of Education FailureI have an uncle who was for years a Chicago public school teacher. Pass
18、ionate and articulate about his subject, biology, Amie eared a great deal about whether the kids learned in his class.But heres the disturbing thing he recalls about his career:In the years that his classes were filled with kids from poor, broken homes who didnt eat or sleep with any regularity, he
19、worried that he wasnt nearly as effective as he wanted to be. He reached some of the kids, sometimes, with some material, but not enough to his liking, no matter what he did or how hard he tried.When he changed schools and suddenly was teaching kids from middle-class families who valued education, h
20、e instantly became a brilliant teacher. His students progressed at a fast clip, and everything he did seemed to work.What some school reformers seem to forget is that the kids circumstances outside school affect their class performance : how much they eat, how much they sleep, how many words they he
21、ard when they were young, how many books were made available to them, the abilities and the disabilities with which they were born, etc.What happens in the classroom is incredibly powerful, but it is not the only thing that matters.This is why it was so disheartening to hear President Obama wade int
22、o a debate about last weeks firing of all of the educators at Central Falls High School in Rhode Island.The firings by the Central Falls school trustees made big headlines, not because reconstituting a school is new, but perhaps because it is the only school in the states poorest and smallest city,
23、and because it was not reported as being the consequence of years of calculated efforts to fix the school (even if it was).Education Secretary Arne Duncan immediately applauded the move, saying the committee members were “ showing courage and doing the right thing for kids“. And today, Obama felt th
24、e need to jump in, saying in a speech: “ So if a school is struggling, we have to work with the principal and the teachers to find a solution. Weve got to give them a chance to make meaningful improvements. But if a school continues to fail its students year after year after year, if it doesnt show
25、signs of improvement, then theres got to be a sense of accountability.“And thats what happened in Rhode Island last week at a chronically troubled school, when just 7 percent of 11 th graders passed state math tests7 percent. When a school board wasnt able to deliver change by other means, they vote
26、d to lay off the faculty arid the staff. As my Education Secretary Arne Duncan, says, our kids get only one chance at an education, and we need to get it right.“One thing that Obama got right: the school board wasnt able to deliver change, but, unfortunately, the school board didnt fire itself. It f
27、ired all the administrators and teachers, as if they were the only things responsible for student failure.I wish someone would tell Obama the truth about school restructuring.6 The author gave his uncles example to_.（A）show the fact that education in poor areas is unexpectedly difficult（B） demonstra
28、te that teacher is not the only factor affecting students performances（C） prove that he has a deep understanding in the education matter（D）illustrate that teachers should be located where they could best perform7 The word “disheartening“ in Para. 7 has a similar meaning to_.（A）indifferent（B） furious
29、（C） scared（D）frustrated8 According to the author, why did the firings in the Central Falls school arouse so much attention?（A）Because the school has never tried to enhance its situation.（B） Because the school was located in a poor area.（C） Because Obama attended a debate on the firings.（D）Because th
30、e school would not be shut down.9 Which word best describes the authors attitude towards Obamas speech on the firings?（A）Rueful.（B） Neutral.（C） Critical.（D）Sympathetic.9 American Scientists Try to Develop Artificial Blood Vessel with the Skin CellScientists have grown blood vessels for kidney patien
31、ts from their own cells, making it easier and safer for them to use dialysis machines, a new study says.Todd McAllister of Cytograft Tissue Engineering in California and colleagues implanted lab-grown blood vessels into 10 patients with advanced kidney disease in Argentina and Poland from 2004 to 20
32、07.Early results for two of these patients were announced in 2005. In 2007, the scientists published preliminary findings for another 4 patients in the New England Journal of Medicine. In the most recent study, published in the medical journal Lancet, scientists reported on the new blood vessels in
33、those same patients and 4 others.Dialysis patients need a vessel to connect them to dialysis machines. This can be made from their own vessels But because dialysis is done so regularly, kidney patients often run out of healthy vessels and need an artificial one. Those are prone to infection.In the s
34、tudy, doctors took a small piece of skin from patients. Ceils from those samples were grown in a lab, to help them produce proteins. From those, scientists made sheets of tissue that were rolled into blood vessels 6 to 8 inches long. The vessels were finished after 6 to 9 months. All of the vessels
35、were implanted into patients upper arms, to connect them to dialysis machines.The vessels failed in three of the patients, which experts said was not surprising in patients so seriously ill. One other patient withdrew from the study and another died of unrelated causes. In the five remaining patient
36、s, the vessels worked for at least 6 to 20 months after they were implanted. Afterwards, those patients needed fewer interventions, including surgeries, to maintain the vessels than regular dialysis patients.The study was paid for by Cytograft Tissue Engineering. McAllister said he and colleagues pl
37、an to test similar devices in patients with heart and leg problems.“Its difficult to predict what will happen next, but they are on the right track.“ Vladimir Mironov of the Medical University of South Carolina said. But he worried the vessels, which cost between $ 15,000 and $ 20,000 might be too e
38、xpensive to be used widely. Dr. Bryan Becker, president of the National Kidney Foundation in the US, said about haft of kidney patients could benefit from these vessels if further tests confirm they work.10 The present vessels connecting patients to dialysis machines_ .（A）have caused a lot of cases
39、of infection among patients（B） must be disposed after being used just once（C） axe either of a small quantity or of unsatisfactory quality（D）are too expensive for common patients to afford11 Which of the following is true about the study?（A）The study was carried out in California, Argentina and Polan
40、d.（B） The conclusive findings were published in 2007.（C） Only half of the patients could successfully make use of the vessels.（D）The patients dont need any surgeries to maintain the vessels.12 What does the word “intervention“ (Line 9, Para. 6) mean?（A）Treatment after the operation.（B） Device attach
41、ed to the vessels.（C） Doctors instruction of medicine.（D）24-hour careful observation.13 We can infer from the last paragraph that scientists and doctors are_.（A）optimistic toward the future of such vessels（B） concerned about the possibility of popularizing the vessels（C） satisfied about the results
42、and findings of the study（D）sure many patients will benefit from the new vessels14 The passage is mainly about_.（A）the future of man-made blood vessels（B） the development of man-made organs（C） the contribution of Cytograft Tissue Engineering（D）the study on helping kidney patients14 The Online Leasin
43、g Service of NetflixIts Friday night, and you want to watch a movie at home with that special someone. You could go to a video store and rent a film, and instantly its yours popcorn extra. Or you could go to Netflix, and the movie will arrive, earliest, on Tuesday. Heres hoping you had a Plan B for
44、your big date.Ah, but you love Netflix, the online rental service that delivers movies and TV shows to your mailbox. Since its start in 1999, the company has sent more than 2 billion discs to its 10.6 million subscribers, who return them in the familiar red envelopes for more titles. As a profession
45、al or obsessive movie watcher, I find Netflix a helpful reference source for my never-ending entertainment education. But I have misgivings about the services usefulness, especially compared with that of a real, well-stocked video store, and about the possibly harmful effect that Netflix and other o
46、nline retail outfits may have on American society.No question, Netflix serves a need. Its a virtual video store with more than 100,000 titlesmovies and TV shows. And its cheap:for the four-at-a-time price of $23.99, you could conceivably see about 50 videos a monthif you devoted your life to the tas
47、k. In a deep recession, Netflix has also taught film fans that renting a movie or TV series not only is way less expensive than buying but also takes up no shelf space when you move from your foreclosed home into your parents basement. That could be one reason DVD sales declined 13. 5% in the first
48、half of 2009, while Netflix revenues were up 21 % in the years second quarter. At the same time, movie attendance has surged 8% this year. People are watching more, owning less.A Netflix ad has one contented couple purring, “we dont miss the video store at all.“ Well, I do. Specifically, I miss Kims
49、 Video, a lower-Manhattan movie-rental landmark that housed 55,000 DVDs and cassettes of the vastest and most eccentric variety until it closed early this year and shipped the whole stash to Sicily. Admittedly, Kims was one of the gems, but cities large and small used to have video stores with all manner of movies that you could see right away. With Netflix, you surrender those basic American rights: impulse choice and instant gratification. You must cool your jets for two to four days, depen
