1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 37 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Rivalry of E-mail IndustryIt looks like a great time for E-mail but a lousy time for E-mail applications. Web-based mail has been gaining ground for
2、years, especially since Google revived the concept by launching Gmail five years ago.These days, many home users never bother to download their E-mail, and the only threat Web mail Sites face comes from other sites: the closed confines of social networks. The most popular among them, Facebook, just
3、gained its 200 millionth member, far more than any one Web-mail service.In its favor, Web mail offers a simpler setup: You need to know only a user name and a password, without any mysterious mail-server addresses. Once your account is active, you can use it from any Web-connected computer, Web-base
4、d mail systems also make it easy to keep a permanent address regardless of your Internet provider. Doing the same with desktop E-mail usually requires paying extra money for a domain name and spending extra time on mail settings.By contrast, desktop mail programs let you read and compose mail-withou
5、t an Internet connection and dont wrap advertisements around your mail. But their most important advantage is their separation of software and service. Because you can use more than one program with one mail service, you can choose an application with the features and interface you like. And because
6、 you can also use one mail program with more than one mail service, desktop applications make your mail itself portable; you can back up your messages and take them with you after closing an account.If desktop mail software programmers had kept pace with Web mail developers, the two camps could have
7、 a fairly even fight.Unfortunately, mail software developers cant make Internet providers upgrade their mail services, and Interact providers cant make mail-software developers modify their efforts. Unless that situation somehow changes, Web mail will continue to face few challenges outside of the s
8、ocial networks.1 What does the phase “a lousy time“ (Lines 1 2, Para. 1) mean in the passage?（A）An exciting time.（B） A proper time.（C） A bad time.（D）A fearful time.2 Web mail is supposed to win users from the_.（A）e-mail software（B） Gmail（C） Internet providers（D）social networks3 Which of the followin
9、g is the disadvantage of e-mail applications?（A）You need a large hard disk since the software requires you to download all the mails.（B） You need to spend much money in purchasing the e-mail applications.（C） You need to input the mail-service addresses along with your user name and password.（D）You n
10、eed to keep your e-mail account active all the time.4 We may infer from Para. 4 that_.（A）advertisements are attached to the mails sent by Web-mails（B） e-mail software also has its advantages users can enjoy（C） users can not use several e-mail softwares at the same time（D）more people would enjoy the
11、portable service of e-mail software5 What is the authors opinion towards e-mail applications?（A）He gives an objective analysis.（B） He believes they will disappear eventually.（C） He hopes they can develop faster.（D）He is sure they will change soon.5 Network Information Safety in SchoolUniversity lett
12、ers to students and alumni are usually cheerful. But the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) is now composing 800,000 embarrassing ones. The university announced Tuesday that its notifying nearly a million members of its communityincluding students,faculty and alumni that a hacker gained
13、access to their Social Security numbers, dates of birth, home addresses and contact information. UCLA computer security technicians noticed a suspicious number of database queries on Nov. 21, and after a quick investigation, discovered that a hacker had accessed records dishonestly all the way back
14、to October of 2005. The university blocked further access to the private data and hired a consultant to help figure out how it happened. In a letter to those who may have been victimized, UCLAs Acting Chancellor Norman Abrams noted that the data does not include credit card or banking information, b
15、ut apologized. “I deeply regret any concern or inconvenience this incident may cause you.“ Abrams wrote.Jim Davis, UCLAs Chief Information officer, who is responsible for the universitys computer security policy, says UCLA had already begun removing Social Security numbers from common usage, but tha
16、t some numbers remain in the university database because of financial reporting requirements. “With 20/20 hindsight, the best way to deal with this kind of situation is not to have Social Security numbers there in the first place,“ Davis says. “The faster we move on that,the better off we will be.“
17、He says that while those at the university are “ scared“ there is no indication thus far that identity thieves have used any stolen data and that while the investigation is still in process, the actual number of those affected by the hacking may be just 5% or less of the 800,000 whose data was poten
18、tially vulnerable.The FBI has launched its own investigation of the incident, but tracking down those responsible will be a challenge. In 2005,8.9 million Americans suffered from some type of identity theft, according to a study done by Javelin Strategy while Marylands covered about 29. And while Si
19、ngapores text books have an average of 34 lessons with 15 pages of explanation for each, much bulkier texts in the US include an average of 157 lessons, with about four pages of explanation per lesson.I also learned some more surprising differences:Professional development is intensive for all teach
20、ers in Singapore, but about half the elementary teachers do not have university degrees. “That is poised to change, though, as education standards for entering teachers are increasing,“ said Madame Low Khak Gek, the director of curriculum, planning and development with Singapores Ministry of Educati
21、on.Starting salaries for math teachers match public sector accountants or engineers. “Teachers are treated as professionals,“ said Susan Sclafani, director of state services for the National Center for Education and the Economy.Teacher evaluations are extremely comprehensive, and teachers who succee
22、d receive bonuses worth one to three months of salary.Mentoring programs for new teachers in Singapore last five years!Grades one and two have smaller class sizes only 30 students. Other grade levels tend to have 40 students or more.Students are taught in English, not their native tongue. Many are b
23、ilingual or trilingual.And another big differenceStudents there are more likely to take their studies very seriously. They understand “the quality of their preparation“ will indicate“ the quality of their lives“, Sclafani said.People often ask, how applicable is a successful model in Singapore to th
24、e more diverse and much larger US? Im also interested in the practical challenges, given that textbooks in the US are written with state standards and assessments in mind, and matching them up with another countrys approach might be tough.What do you think? How applicable is a successful model in Si
25、ngapore to the more diverse and much larger US?14 The book released by Singapores Education Ministry is about_.（A）teaching methods（B） solutions to mathematic models（C） model math teachers（D）mathematic philosophy15 The followings are all surprising to the author EXCEPT_.（A）Singapores math textbook co
26、vers more explanation（B） evaluations on Singapore teachers are comprehensive（C） teachers in Singapore get high salaries and are regarded as professionals（D）mentoring programs in Singapore began five years ago16 What can be implied from but is NOT stated in the passage?（A）In the US, higher degrees ar
27、e required to become elementary teachers.（B） In Singapore, entering standard for teachers are lifted.（C） Grade one and two have smaller class in Singapore.（D）Many students in Singapore can speak two languages, some even three.17 The language of the passage could best be described as_.（A）humorous（B）
28、conversational（C） analytical（D）ironical18 By asking a question at the end of the passage, the author_.（A）firmly believes that the Singapore model can be applied to the US（B） suggests that the US improve math education by adding state standards（C） questions if math education in Singapore is successfu
29、l（D）welcomes discussions on the US adaptation of Singapore methods18 Parents Mistake Ideas About Asthma DiseaseWatching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything including spending a l
30、ot of moneyto keep an attack ait bay. Trouble is, more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply dont work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process, according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.The report, based on interviews with the
31、parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities, contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their childrens asthma. After that, however, many parents seemed to go astray, taking precautions that werent helpful “ and made li
32、ttle sense“, according to Dr. Michael Cabana, a pediatrician at the University of Michigans C. S. Mott Childrens Hospital, who led the study.One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Man
33、y of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more: shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works bette
34、r.Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didnt even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved, over and over again, to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many sm
35、oking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called “questionable utility“.Part of the problem, Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other reme
36、dies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and wont work in their childs parti-cular case. For example, allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma, while kids 5 and younger m
37、ore frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand whats really triggering your childs asthma. And remember, the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.19 What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?（A）Parents are eager to cure of their c
38、hildrens disease.（B） Many parents are wasting money for their childrens frightening disease.（C） Many parents fail to find the effective way for their childrens disease.（D）Parents feel worried about their childrens disease.20 Which of the following is NOT the trigger of asthma attacks?（A）Humidifier.（
39、B） Second-hand smoke.（C） Plant pollen.（D）Dust mites.21 The expression “to keep an attack at bay“ (Lines 56, Para. 1) most probably means（A）to ease the attack（B） to lessen the attack（C） to continue the attack（D）to prevent the attack22 Why are the parents in such a dilemma?（A）The doctors are not respo
40、nsible enough.（B） Parents are influenced much by ads.（C） Parents are ignorant of the disease.（D）The quality of medical products is not good.23 Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（A）Parents shouldnt spend too much money on the children.（B） The expensive products are not always good.
41、（C） To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.（D）Parents often make mistakes.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 37 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语义理解题。由题干中的 a lousy time 定位到第一段第一句。该句
42、意思为：这是一个电子邮件的时代，但好像不是电子邮件软件的好日子。如果认识lousy 这个词，自然知道它的意思是“糟糕的”，与 C的意思一致。即使不认识这个词，从句中 but 一词也可知 but 前后两部分的意思对立，前面的词为 great，后面就应该是 great 的反义词。 A“激动人心的时期”、B“合适的时期”和D“令人恐惧的时刻”均与之不符，故排除。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。由题干中的 web mail，win users 定位到第二段第一句：网络电子邮件系统唯一需要担心的是来自其他网站的威胁，如封闭的社交化网站。由此可知D 为正确答案。 A“电子邮
43、件软件” 的确是网络邮件系统的竞争对手，第二段第一句说现在很少有人还在使用邮件软件，故排除；B本身就是网络邮件系统之一，故排除；第三段第二句说，有了网络服务商，电子邮件网站的用户可以不受地点限制，这两者不存在竞争关系，故排除C。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。由题干中的 disadvantage of email applications 定位到第三段第一句。题干问电子邮件软件的不足之处，所以在原文中对网络邮件系统的称赞就间接地写出了电子邮件软件的不足。本句说“在使用网络电子邮件时，只需要用户名和密码，而不需要输入神秘的邮件服务地址”，换句话说，在使用邮件软件的
44、时候，就需要进行输入。因此C“在输入用户名、密码之外，还需要录入邮件服务地址”为正确答案。文章没有说用软件下载邮件需要多大的空间，所以排除A“需要很大的硬盘空间”；关于购买邮件软件，文章也没有提到，故排除 B；D“需要时刻保持邮箱活跃”。也不是电子邮件软件的必要条件，故排除。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。由题干中的 para，4 定位到第四段。由第一句可知，桌面邮件软件可以摆脱广告的烦扰，故A“网络邮件会在改送邮件时附上广告 ”为正确答案。B“电子邮件软件也有它的优势”是文章中明确指出的内容，不属于推断内容，故排除；第四句提到用户可以选择一款自己喜欢的软件，没
45、有说明是否可以同时使用多款软件，故排除C；电子邮件软件的便携性是它的优点之一，可究竟有多少人需要这一服务并不清楚，因此D“会有更多的人享受这一特性 ”没有依据，故排除。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 观点态度题。通览全文可知，从文章的行文上，作者并没有集中讲述电子邮件软件或是网络邮件服务单方丽的优点或缺点，而是分别对它们各自的优劣进行了客观的描述，经过对比分析，得出最终的结论，认定网络邮件服务有着更大的优势。因此A“ 他给出了客观的分析 ”为正确答案。 B“他认定它们早晚会消失”文中没有提到，故排除；作者也没有表现出对电子邮件软件的偏受，所以排除C“希望软件发展得快一点”；
46、D“ 他认为软件很快就会有所变化 ”是针对文章最后一句所设的干扰项，在此处，有所变化只是一个假设，并不是作者的预期，故排除。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 UCLA 负责计算机安全的技术人员 11 月 21 日发现了一个可疑的对数据库进行查询的号码,经过快速调查之后发现，一个黑客非法获取了一些资料，而这种行为可一直追溯到 2005 年的 10 月份。【试题解析】 此句翻译难点首先是阋语在特定语境中词义的确定，通读全文我们可以发现，本文主要描述了计算机方面的一些问题。query 本义是“询问，疑问”，和 database 搭配后就要翻译成“对数据库的查询”。其次是两个短语翻
47、译时前置与后置的问题。All theway back to October of 2005 作状语是用来修饰 discover 后的宾语从旬中谓语动词 access 的，英语多长句，而汉语多短句，尤其用来形容多个行为时，这种特征尤其明显，这个短语翻译成汉语比较好的处理方式是另起一句翻译，避免与前面翻译成一句而显得哕嗦。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 在给那些可能已经成为受害人的一封信中，UCLA 的代理校长诺曼爱布拉姆指出，被盗的资料中并不包括信用卡和银行信息，但仍然表示了歉意。【试题解析】 本句的翻译主要涉及词类转换以及根据语气表达需要增词的情况。首先是单词 victimized，在文中
48、是个动词，但根据句子的意思，翻译成名词“受害者”更为适合；thedata，原文没有修饰词，但根据上下文，可知其指的是 “被黑客盗取的资料”，所以翻译时要补译出来，避免意思表达不清；再者，apologized 之前没有类似 still 意思的词，但翻译成汉语根据语气表达的需要可增加“仍然”，既符合原意，又使语句流畅。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 同时，他还指出，尽管那些资料被盗者惶恐不安，但到目前为止，还没有迹象显示那些偷取资料的人已经使用过偷取的资料，并且，随着调查的进一步展开，那些受到黑客偷盗行为实际影响的人可能只有 5或者更少，尽管个人资料存在被盗用潜在威胁的人多达 80 万【试题解
49、析】 本句主要涉及两个 those 内容的增译和 number 的省译。Those 在英语中可以承前指代上文提到的人或物，名词可以省略，汉语照此直译则会指代不明，所以一般要根据上文意思补译出指代的人或物。第一个 those 实际指代的是“那些被偷取资料的人”，第二个指代“那些受到黑客偷盗行为影响的人”。此外，单词 number 翻译成汉语倒显累赘，故可以省译。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。由题干中的 Kevin Carlsmith 定位到第二段第一句可知，高露洁大学的心理学家凯文卡尔史密斯总结到：人们没有意识到理论上简单而有效的零容忍的原则而实际上却违背了他们的正义感。故B“它有时会不公正地对待犯错的人”与原文“违背正义感”意思一致，故正确。A“它可以简单有效地处理瞌药的问题”，原文说的是理论上简单有效的，与原文不符，故排除；C“它会引发暴力”，原文没有提及，故排除；D“采取零容忍原则的学校嗑药的情况会轻一些”，不是凯文卡尔史密斯的结论，
