1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 389 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “S
2、ometime in the future,“ the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaperprinting presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; it s excessive at a time w
3、hen online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eli
4、minate its print edition would be a mis take, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,“ he said, “but if
5、 you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.“Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,“ he said. The more turned out to be for
6、esighted. And if Peretti were in change at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,“ he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.“The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the qual
7、ity of something they believe in. “So if you re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,“ Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.“ In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people
8、who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $ 500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy bu
9、siness,“ Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.“1 The New York Times is considering ending its print
10、edition partly due to（A）the high cost of operation.（B） the pressure from its investors.（C） the complaints from its readers.（D）the increasing online ad sales.2 Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should（A）seek new sources of readership.（B） end the print edition for good
11、.（C） aim for efficient management.（D）make strategic adjustments.3 It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product“（A）helps restore the glory of former times.（B） is meant for the most loyal customers.（C） will have the lost of printing reduced.（D）expands the popularity of the paper.4
12、 Peretti believes that, in a changing world,（A）legacy businesses are becoming outdated.（B） cautiousness facilitates problems-solving.（C） aggressiveness better meets challenges.（D）traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.5 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）Shift to Online
13、Newspapers All at Once（B） Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand（C） Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good（D）Keep Your Newspaper Forever in Fashion5 When Thomas Keller, one of Americas foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaur
14、ant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tippingas they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems, is to be anti-capitalist, a
15、nd maybe even a little French.But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tippingand its worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they wont get pa
16、id if they dont do a good job“ is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior
17、 and marketing at Cornells School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly a
18、nd leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilledin other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynns studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female
19、 customers increase their tips for male servers.Whats more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling“: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is ex
20、tra money in the servers pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a
21、greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.6 It may b
22、e inferred that a European-style service（A）is tipping-free.（B） charges little tip.（C） is the author s initiative.（D）is offered at Per Se.7 Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?（A）Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.（B） Waiters dont care about tipping.（C） Custom
23、ers generally believe in tipping.（D）Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.8 According to Michael Lynn s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they（A）have performed good service.（B） frequently refill customers water glass.（C） win customers favor.（D）serve customers of the s
24、ame sex.9 We may infer from the context that “upwelling“ (Para. 6) probably means（A）selling something up.（B） selling something fancy.（C） selling something unnecessary.（D）selling something more expensive.10 This passage is mainly about（A）reasons to abolish the practice of tipping.（B） economic sense o
25、f tipping.（C） consumers attitudes towards tipping.（D）tipping for good service.10 Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi mediafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopi
26、a, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications
27、revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the product
28、ion of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketswith destructive impact on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export
29、 are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures“ are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the la
30、test computers and telecommunications themselvesso-called “development communications“ modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents
31、, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on creditcredit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introd
32、uced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.11 From the passage, we know
33、that the development of high technology is in the interests of（A）the rich countries.（B） scientific development.（C） the elite.（D）the world economy.12 It can be inferred from the passage that（A）international trade should be expanded.（B） the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough co
34、nsideration.（C） the exports of the poor countries should be increased.（D）communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized.13 Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?（A）Because it enables the developed countri
35、es to control the international market.（B） Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.（C） Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.（D）Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.14 The development of modern communications technology
36、in developing countries may（A）hinder their industrial production.（B） cause them to lose control of their trade.（C） force them to reduce their share of exports.（D）cost them their economic independence.15 The authors attitude toward the communications revolution is（A）positive.（B） critical.（C） indiffer
37、ent.（D）tolerant.15 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that Americas Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity.Some 20
38、million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The c
39、urrent Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes alt
40、ogether.New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit of vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion
41、in 2013.At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies have bigger war chests, more knowledge of smokers habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-ci
42、garettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of Americas cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1% kept them up.And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on red
43、uced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are no
44、t so sure.Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model weve seen in the past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining frien
45、ds.16 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States（A）was of sufficient importance.（B） was put forward by Americas Surgeon General.（C） began to go downhill.（D）used to be an honorable activity.17 According to the passage, e-cigarettes（A）supply smokers with nicot
46、ine more safely.（B） help the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion times.（C） are mastered by all tobacco firms as a new technology.（D）have lured smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups.18 The phases “war chests“ (Para. 5) most probably means（A）space.（B） funds.（C） networks.（D）comp
47、etitors.19 The smokers attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is（A）pessimistic.（B） uncertain.（C） optimistic.（D）doubtful.20 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The potency of tobacco s advertising bans.（B） The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the U.S（C） The current situation and chal
48、lenge of big tobacco firms.（D）The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 389 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干关键词 The New York Times 和 print edition 定位到一、二
49、段。首段首句即是此内容的同义表达，第二段解释具体原因，根据第二段第二句“如今纸质印刷所需要的设施，如印刷机和运送卡车，不仅仅十分昂贵，甚至显得多余；网络报纸竞争对手根本不会在这些基础设施上花费，也不会遇到此类经济困境”可知，A 项“运作的高成本”恰恰是对这个原因的正确表述，故 A 项为正确答案。B 项“来自投资者的压力”、C 项“来自读者的抱怨 ”和 D 项“越来越多的网络广告费用”均不符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词 Peretti，present situation，the Times 定位到第四段，根据首句“他还表示，纽约时报不应该在退出纸质报纸的问题上浪费时间，除非能够以正确的方式退出”可知他建议纽约时报找到一种正确的方法去解决这件事。接着两句具体说明该如何正确解决目前的问题，故 D 项“进行战略调整”为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推断题。根据题干关键词 legacy product 首先定位到第五、六段。第六段第一句提到“最忠实的读者还将继续购买喜欢的纸质报纸”，倒数第三句指出“瞄准那些已经对纸质报纸着迷的读者”，故 B 项“是为最忠实的顾客准备的
