1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The latest Archaeological Discovery in the AnclesBy modern standards, the hostile summit of Mount Llullaillaco, in the Argentine Andes, is no place for k
2、ids. The ancient Inca saw things differently though, and so it was that one day, some 500 years ago, three children ascended the frigid and treacherous upper slopes of the 22,000-ft. peak. The three had spent time at the 17, 000-ft. level, taking part in rituals that can only be guessed at. Now, acc
3、ompanied by a retinue of adults, they moved steadily upward. They would not return. Once at the summit, the children two girls and a boy, between 8 and 15 years oldwould be ritually sacrificed and entombed beneath 5 ft. of rocky rubble. They may even have been buried alive.And there the story might
4、have ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society. Reinhards specialty is scaling the Andes in search of sacrificial remains; he had already located 15 bodies, including the famed ice maiden he found in 1995. But these t
5、hree, whose discovery he announced last week, are by far the most impressive. They were frozen solid within hours of their burial. Two of the bodies are almost perfectly preserved; the third was evidently (damaged by lightning. The childrens internal organs are not only intact but also still contain
6、 blood. Says Craig Morris, an expert on Andean archaeology at New York Citys American Museum of Natural History: “It is truly a fantastic discovery.“What makes it so fantastic is not just the bodies themselves, but also the wealth of artifacts that were buried along with them: 36 gold and silver sta
7、tues, small woven bags, a ceramic vessel, leather sandals, a small llama figure and seashell necklaces. One of the girls, says Reinhard, “has a beautiful yellow, geometrically designed cover laid over her.“ Her head sports a plume of feathers and a golden mask.Some of the bodies were provisioned wit
8、h bundles of food wrapped in alpaca skin, which indicates that the children came from the Incan social elitenot surprising, since only people of high status would have been considered worthy of sacrifice. Little is known about the sacrificial ceremony itself; these objects, along with others found a
9、t the lower camp, should tell archaeologists plenty.The preserved bodies, meanwhile, will give scientists an unprecedented look at Incan physiology. Reinhard and his team took care to pack the children in plastic, snow and insulating foam before hauling them down the mountain, and the Argentine mili
10、tary whisked them off to the nearby town of Salta. There, experts will analyze their stomachs to find out what they ate for their last meal, their organs for clues about their diet and their DNA to try and establish their relationship to other ethnic groups. Reinhard will head back into the mountain
11、s. There is no telling how many more bodies remain to be found.1 From the first paragraph we learn that _.（A）the summit of Mount Llullaiilaco was not hostile in the past（B） ancient Incans used to hold sacrificial rituals on top of the mountain（C） burying children alive was a common practice in ancie
12、nt Incan society（D）the three children made the mountain climbing by themselves2 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（A）Johan Reinhard works with the National Geographic Society.（B） Archaeological discoveries depend on the independent work of archaeologists.（C） The Andes i
13、s a treasure for archaeologists in search of sacrificial remains.（D）Andean archaeology focuses on unearthing human bodies.3 Reinhards discovery shows that_.（A）ancient Incans were masters of body-preservation（B） the children suffered a lot before they were buried（C） Incan children from rich families
14、were often made sacrifices（D）ancient Incans had grasped a high level of craftsmanship4 Which of the following best defines the word “unprecedented“ (Line 2, Para. 5)?（A）Unexampled.（B） Unusual.（C） Precious.（D）Unpredictable.5 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.（A）Johan Reinhards discovery wi
15、ll shed light on the study of ancient Incans（B） Reinhard will find a lot more bodies in the future（C） experts can now describe the sacrificial ceremony in detail（D）argentine military are also interested in archaeological activities5 The Reform of School Meals in American SchoolsKids will always grab
16、 pizza and dessert in the school lunch line, but those items may be healthier in coming school years if Democrats in Congress succeed in toughening rules governing the nations school lunches. Legislation approved Wednesday by the Senate Agriculture Committee would allow the Agriculture Department to
17、 create new standards for all foods in schools, including vending-machine items, to give students healthier meal options. The legislation would spend $4.5 billion more over 10 years for nutrition programs.New standards are not expected to push popular foods off the cafeteria line completely, just to
18、 make them healthier. For example, pizza may be made with whole wheat crust and low-fat mozzarella, while desserts could have fewer calories. Hamburgers could be made with leaner meat, and vending-machines could be stocked with less candy and fewer high-calorie sodas. The legislation would also expa
19、nd the number of low-income children eligible for free or reduced cost meals, a step Democrats say would help President Barack Obama reach his goal of ending childhood hunger by 2015.Creation of new standards, which public health advocates have sought for a decade, has unprecedented support from man
20、y of the nations largest food and beverage companies, including Mars Inc. and Pepsi Co. The two sides came together on the issue as a heightened interest in nutrition has made it difficult for anyone, especially the companies themselves, to push junk foods in schools. Still, congressional action is
21、only the first step. Many of the most difficult decisions, including what kinds of foods will be sold and what ingredients may be limited, will be left up to the Agriculture Department.When New York Sen Kirsten Gillibrand offered an amendment to ban artery-clogging trans fats from schools, for examp
22、le, Agriculture Committee Chairwoman Blanche Lincoln, D-Ark. , said Congress should let the Agriculture Department tackle the issue. “We provide the broad outline, and the department is going to fill in those details,“ she said. “Once we open the door to trying to dictate trans fats, we are opening
23、the door to try and micromanage other things.“ Gillibrand withdrew her amendment and said she would try again on the Senate floor.The bill would provide a 6 cent increase in reimbursements to schools per meal, the first such increase since 1973, according to Lincoln. Schools would have to show comp-
24、liance with the national nutrition standards to receive the reimbursement. The legislation would also provide money for farm-to-school programs, encouraging schools to buy foods from local farms and grow food gardens on campus. It would be partly paid for by reducing conservation subsidies paid to f
25、armers for using environmentally friendly farming practices.6 What can we learn about the new standards?（A）Pizza will be replaced by whole wheat bread.（B） There will be no desserts supply in school.（C） The foods in school will be healthier than before.（D）All low-income children will get free meals.7
26、 Who will be in charge of the ingredients decisions?（A）The Congress.（B） The schools themselves.（C） The food companies.（D）The Agriculture Department.8 It can be inferred from the passage that Lincoln_.（A）accepted Gillibrands amendment（B） opposed the Congress interference（C） agreed to ban trans fats f
27、rom school（D）asked Gillibrand to tackle trans fats9 What does the bill mean to the schools?（A）Their foods must come from local farms.（B） They will get financial aid for the first time.（C） Their school meals will take a 6% increase.（D）They will be subsidized under the new standards.9 H1N1 Epidemic Tr
28、endsThe number of Americans being tested for the swine flu has plummeted, providing more evidence that the second wave of H1 N1 infections has peaked in the United States, a medical testing company reported Friday.Quest Diagnostics Inc. ; the worlds leading diagnostic testing company, reported that
29、an analysis of nearly 170,000 samples from patients between May 11 and Dec. 9 showed the number of tests declined 75 percent since hitting a peak in the middle of October.At the same time, the proportion of tests that are coming back positive for H1N1 has fallen, from 44 percent in November to only
30、21 percent for the two weeks ending Dec. 9. The new H1N1 virus continues to be the dominant virus causing influenza, the company reported. It said H1N1 accounts for 98 percent of positive flu samples.Positive tests have fallen for all age groups, but children age 5 to 14 continue to experience the h
31、ighest percentage of H1N1 positive test results, Quest said. Nearly four in 10 children tested as recently as last week were positive for the virus, the company said. By comparison, nearly 80 percent of children in this age group tested positive in late October.“Our data are a welcome indication tha
32、t H1N1 may not be the health threat during the holidays that it has been throughout the fall,“ said Jay M. Lieberman, the companys medical director for infectious diseases.“Nonetheless, this is no time for people to be complacent about protecting themselves and their families from HIN1 infection,“ h
33、e said. “ The 2009 HIN1 influenza virus continues to be far and away the most significant source of influenza in every region of the US, according to our data. Many millions of people remain susceptible to the virus, which continues to cause serious disease in some individuals. In addition, the pros
34、pect of a third wave of virus activity next year means it is far too soon to declare victory over H1N1.“ The companys findings mirror reports from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which has found a significant drop in flu cases around the country.Federal health officials, howe
35、ver, are urging people to continue to get vaccinated against the disease. After an initial shortage of vaccine that prompted health officials to limit the vaccine to children, pregnant women and other people at high risk from the virus, most states are now making the vaccine available to anyone who
36、wants it.10 What can we infer from the first paragraph?（A）The second wave of H1N1 infection is at its peak.（B） Swine flu has ceased to exist in the U.S.（C） The influence of H1N1 has declined.（D）The number of people get infected with H1N1 is increasing.11 Which part of human remain the most vulnerabl
37、e in face of H1N1?（A）Pregnant women.（B） Small children.（C） People susceptible to the virus.（D）Aged group.12 The battle against H1N1_.（A）has entered the third phase（B） has come to an end（C） should be carried forward（D）has suffered from heavy loss13 What does the word “susceptible“ in Para. 6 mean?（A）
38、Likely to be infected by the disease.（B） Immune to the epidemic disease.（C） Healthy to fight against H1N1.（D）Allergic to the medicine against H1N1.14 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）The US is now running out of the vaccine.（B） The vaccine have been proved effective.（C） Most people need
39、to get vaccinated.（D）Most of the Americans have been infected14 Reduce Waste-FoodExperts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash
40、 with software systems, making food in smaller amount or trying to cut down on trash-hauling costs.Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A 2004 University of Arizona study estima
41、ted that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campuss biggest dining hails to find there were no cafeteria trays. Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said
42、 Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Techs sustainability pro-gram. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the canteen, only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.That same phenomenon often happens at Oregons Portland Internat
43、ional Airport. Busy travelers often discard half-eaten meals into trash cans, adding dozens of tons of waste that the airport must pay the city to haul away. Now the airport is carrying out a program to install food-only trash carts. The food waste is collected in biodegradable bags and given to the
44、 city to use as compost. Besides being environmentally friendly, the changes may save the airport money. It costs about $ 82 to have one ton of trash hauled from the airport to the city landfill. But food waste costs about $ 48 a ton to haul.Cutting back on the waste can require spending money on so
45、ftware and training. LeanPath, based in Portland, Ore. , sells a software system to track food being thrown out. Steve Peterson, head chef at the MGM Grand hotel in Las Vegas, said he was surprised when he installed the LeanPath system and saw the value of food that was going out the back door. To c
46、ut costs, Peterson decided to reduce serving sizes. He said customers werent bothered by the switch, which has helped him lower food waste by between 15 to 20 percent over 18 months.15 What is the main reason for people paying attention to food waste?（A）To lower the cost of food waste.（B） To save mo
47、re food for the world.（C） To keep the dining room clean.（D）To reduce the effort of cooking.16 What kind of measure has been taken to cut food waste?（A）Making cafeteria at collage and universities trayless.（B） Using software system to trace the location of the trash.（C） Trying to remove the food wast
48、e little by little.（D）Charging higher prices for smaller amount of food.17 Whats the benefit of installing food-only trash cans at the airport?（A）It will reduce the cost of removing the trash.（B） It will keep the airport clean and tidy.（C） It will faster the process of making trash into compost.（D）I
49、t will remind the passenger to produce less trash.18 In which way can software help reduce the food waste?（A）It can store varieties of measures from which people can choose.（B） It can help people to be always informed of the food waste.（C） It can calculate the total amount of the food offered.（D）It can connect the food needed with the data of customers.19 What is the main idea of the passage?（A）Great amount of food is wasted at public places.（B） Individuals dont pay attention to food waste.（C） It costs more
