1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 404 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 You are going to read a text about the goals related to NRCs priorities, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (1-5). There is only one extra example which you do not need to use.The planets
2、seemed like pretty small places. At the same time, Earth seemed a lot larger than it does now. No one had ever seen our planet as a planet: a blue marble on black velvet, coated with water and air. No one knew that the moon was born in an impact. No one fully appreciated that humanity was becoming a
3、 geologic force in its own right, capable of changing the environment on a global scale. Whatever else the Space Age has done, it has enriched our view of the natural world and given us a perspective.National Research Council (NRC) panels periodically ask whether the worlds planetary exploration pro
4、grams are on track. The list of goals that follows synthesizes their priorities.【C1 】Monitor Earths ClimateThe venerable Landsat series, which has monitored the surface since 1972, has been on the fritz for years, and the U. S. has Department of Agriculture has already had to buy data from Indian sa
5、tellites to monitor crop productivity. For some types of data, no other nation can fill in.【C2 】Prepare an Asteroid DefenseLike climate monitoring, guarding the planet from asteroids always seems to fall between the cracks. Neither NASA nor the European Space Agency (ESA) has a mandate to stave off
6、human extinction. It would take 15 years or longer to mount a defense against an incoming body, assuming that the technology were ready to go.【C3 】Seek Out New LifeBefore Spotnik, scientists thought the solar system might be a veritable Garden of Eden. Earths sister worlds proved to be hellish, even
7、 when the Mariner probes revealed a cratered moonscape and the Viking landers failed to find even a single organic molecule. But lately the plausible venues for life have multiplied.【C4 】Explain the Genesis of the PlanetsStudies of the origin of the planets overlap quite a bit with studies of the or
8、igins of life. Jakosky puts it thus: “Venus sits at the inner edge of the habitable zone. Mars sits at the outer edge. Earth sits in the middle. And understanding the differences between those planets is central to asking about life beyond our solar system.“【C5 】Break Out of the Solar SystemA solar
9、sail 200 meters across could carry a 500-kilogram spacecraft. After launch from Earth, it would first swoop toward the sun, going as it daredjust inside Mercurys orbitto get flung out by the intense sunlight.“Such a mission, be it ESA-or NASA-led, is the next logical step in our exploration of space
10、,“ Wim mer-Schweingruber says. “After all, there is more to space than exploring our very, very local neighborhood.“ The estimated price tag is about $2 billion including three decades operating expenses.A Like the origin of life, the origin of the planets was a complex, multistage process. Jupiter
11、was the first-born. Did it build up slowly, like the other planets? Did it form farther from the sun and move inward?B Like a windsurfer, the spacecraft would steer by leaning to one side or the other. Just before passing Jupiters orbit, it would cast off the sail and glide outward. To get ready, en
12、gineers need to design a sufficiently lightweight sail and test it on first.C So NRC prepares to take some action plans. Extend asteroid search to smaller bodies, perhaps using a dedicated infrared space telescope. Deflect an asteroid in a controlled way as a trial run. Develop an official system fo
13、r evaluating potential threats.D The NRC panel called for restoring the lost funding, which pay for 17 new missions over the coming decade, such as ones to keep tabs on ice sheets and carbon dioxide levelsessential for predicting climate change and its effects. People sometimes take the mundane yet
14、urgent task of looking after our own planet for granted.E Mars is looking hopeful again. Outer-planet moons, notably Europa and Enceladus, appear to have vast underground seas and plenty of lifes raw materials. Even Venus might have been covered in oceans once. The research is not just about finding
15、 companionship in the cosmos. It is about divining our own origins.F This past spring ESA completed a set of feasibility studiesand promptly shelved them for lack of money. It would take a joint effort with NASA or the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), or both, to make the plan happen.1 【C1
16、 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (1-5). The first and last paragraphs of th
17、e text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.A Set a Good Example for Your KidsB Build Your Kids Work SkillsC Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF Help Your Kids Figure Out Who The
18、y AreG Build Your Kids Sense of ResponsibilityMothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a jobs starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adults need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback
19、if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life uneasiness“.【C1 】_You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weakne
20、sses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.【C2 】_Kids need a range of authentic role modelsas opposed to memb
21、ers of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to
22、do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.“ They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.【C3 】_Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsi
23、bilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.【C4 】_Playing video games encourages immedi
24、ate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. A
25、ll these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.【C5 】_They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also
26、 learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering
27、 aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill
28、conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.6 【C1 】7 【C2 】8 【C3 】9 【C4 】10 【C5 】10 Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing
29、the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (1-5). There are two extra subheadings.A Create a new image of yourselfB Have confidence in yourselfC Decide if the time is rightD Understand the contextE Work with professionalsF Make it efficientG Know your goalsNo
30、matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on
31、the way you look.The difference between today s workplace and the “dress for success“ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is
32、magnified by social-media services like Linkedln. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we na
33、vigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:【C1 】_As an executive coach, Ive seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitionswhen looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public
34、role, or changing work environments. If youre in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If youre not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there s no need for an upg
35、rade and that s OK.【C2 】_Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and
36、stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.“ (Its OK to use characterizations like that.)【C3 】_Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? Ho
37、w do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.【C4 】_Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service
38、 of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It s not as expensive as you might think.【C5 】_The point of a style upgrade isnt to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use
39、it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】15 You are going to read a list of headings and a tex
40、t about how to wear appropriate clothing. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (1-5). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.A Analyzing your own taste.B Being cau
41、tious when experimenting.C Finding a model to follow.D Getting the final look absolutely right.E Learning to be realistic.F Making regular conscious choices.G How to judge people.When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of cours
42、e its something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, its whats inside thats importa
43、nt, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.【C1 】_For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else theyve seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as
44、we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faultswe all have good points and bad pointsbut think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.【C2 】_When selecting your clothes
45、each day, think about who you re likely to meet, when youre going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, theres no need to abando
46、n your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody elses idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.【C3 】_But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favori
47、te items that you wear a lotmost people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you dont wear and ask yourself why. Go t
48、hrough a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme?【C4 】_Some colors bring your natural coloring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colors by all means, but remember that dressing in bright color when you really lik
49、e subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it s good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once.【C5 】_So, youve chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your coloring. But does it fit? If something is too tig
