1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 423 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 This history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli(1444 -1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recen
2、t phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellow Florentine, Michelangelo. Eve
3、n when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hid
4、den away in obscure churches and private homes.)The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand; most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit
5、the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentineart. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical
6、art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to t
7、hat of classical art.In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite
8、 movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate w
9、orldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentinesfeatures such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions,
10、 and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselvesrather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis cruci
11、al to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticellis achievements.1 Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?（A）Botticellis Contribution to Florentine Art.（B） Botticelli and the Traditions of Classical Art.（C） Sandro Botticelli; From Defame
12、to Appreciation.（D）Botticelli and Michelangelo: A Study in Contrasts.2 The author mentions the fact that many of Botticellis best painting were “ hidden away in obscure churches and private homes“ (Para. 1) in order to_.（A）indicate the difficulty of trying to determine what an artists best work is（B
13、） persuade the reader that an artists work should be available for general public viewing（C） prove that academic art historians had succeeded in keeping Botticellis work from general public view（D）suggest a reason why, for a period of time, Botticellis work was not generally appreciated3 The text su
14、ggests that Vasari would most probably have been more enthusiastic about Botticellis work if it_.（A）had not revealed Botticellis inability to depict story clearly（B） had not seemed to Vasari to be so similar to classical art（C） could have been appreciated by amateur viewers as well as by connoisseur
15、s（D）could have been included more easily in Vasaris discussion of art history4 According to the text, which of the following is an accurate statement about Botticellis relation to classical art?（A）Botticelli more often made use of classical subjects matter than classical style.（B） Botticellis intere
16、st in perspective led him to study classical art.（C） Botticellis style does not share any similarities with classical art.（D）Because he saw little classical art, Botticelli did not exhibit much interest in imitating it.5 It can be inferred that the author of the text would be likely to find most ben
17、eficial a study of an artist that_.（A）avoided placing the artist in an evolutionary scheme of the history of art（B） analyzed the artists work in relation to the artists personality（C） analyzed the artists relationship to the style and subject matter of classical art（D）analyzed the artists work in te
18、rms of both traditional characteristics and unique achievements5 As one of Haitis most famous musicians drives down the two-lane Delmas roadway in Port-au-Prince, scattered calls in the street grow into a trembling chant in Haitian Creole (the language of Haiti) :“Pwezidan, Pwezidan“President, Presi
19、dent. “ But the young men shouting the words are not calling to Wyclef Jean, who just announced he was running for President of Haiti. They were greeting Michel “Sweet Micky“ Martelly, the bad boy of the Haitian musical genre kompa who just happens to want to be the countrys President too.Better kno
20、wn for the eyebrow-raising lyrics and his ability to rouse even the most conservative of Haitian elites to dance on top of tables, Martelly, 49, dressed in a suit on Thursday to submit his paperwork to run for President on the ticket of his party Repons Peyizan, or Countrymens Response. He acknowled
21、ges that comparisons will be made between himself and Jean. But Martelly says despite being opponents for the presidency, he and Jean are friends. Martelly appeared on Jeans first solo album The Carnival in 1997. But Martelly jokes,“Hes global and Im local. “ And he says what sets him apart from the
22、 rest of the presidential fieldhis friend includedis the Haitian peoples true affinity for him.“You need to be loved by the people, cherished by them, trusted by them,“ Martelly says, shifting fluidly from Creole to English to French. “Im not running to be President. Im running to be the citizen who
23、 changes things. I want to be the inspirateur“the inspirer.Martelly never falls short of inspiring attention. On the road to submit his paperwork, his car passes a mob of Jean supporters. But after honking his blaring car horn, the crowd quickly recognizes Martelly and changes directions. The group
24、starts pouncing on Martellys car chanting, “We will die with you,“ perhaps a sign of Haitis fickle voter. Half the population of about 9 million is under 25. “I will follow whoever has the most support,“ says Ricardo Priville, 29, dressed in a Jean T-shirt but reaching for Martelly as the star exits
25、 his car.Martelly is also being supported by Jeans former Fugees band member Pras Michel. Michel admits Martelly is the underdog financially in the race to the National Palace, but he argues that Martelly connects to the Haitian people like no one else.Martelly has yet to release a comprehensive rec
26、overy plan, but he says it will promote foreign investments and tourism to help bolster the economy in the poorest country of the western hemisphere. Right now, the Nov. 28 election might seem more like Haitian Idol than a presidential race, but Martelly insists hes putting his bad-boy persona to re
27、st and focusing on serious issues. “This is serious business,“ says Martelly. “The carnival is over.“6 The scattered calls in the street showed that_.（A）people are greeting Wyclef Jeans win of election（B） Michel Martelly is popular among the Haitians（C） the Haitians are dissatisfied with their new P
28、resident（D）musicians of local music are very popular in Haiti7 What made Martelly special in the presidential field?（A）His paperwork to run for President.（B） His appearance on Jeans first album.（C） The true love from the Haitian people.（D）The comparison between him and Jean.8 What can we learn about
29、 Ricardo Priville?（A）He is a resister of Martelly.（B） He is a supporter of Jean.（C） He is the driver of Martelly.（D）He is changeable in standpoint.9 It can be inferred from the text that Martellys recovery plan_.（A）will rely on the western countries（B） is unfavorable to his Nov. 28 election（C） will
30、utilize the overseas resources（D）made him a bad-boy image in Haiti10 Whats the main idea of this text?（A）The gathering of Haitis famous musicians.（B） Haitis comprehensive recovery plan.（C） The friendship between Martelly and Jean.（D）Martelly and Haitis presidential election.10 Thomas Hardys impulses
31、 as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy.Occasionally he felt the impulse to co
32、medy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas ratio
33、nally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult an
34、d the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often. Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one
35、and unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.In th
36、is instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstract
37、ly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the stylethat sure index of an authors literary worthwas certain to become verbose.Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energ
38、etic and risky ones. He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulsesa desire to be a realist-historian and
39、 a desire to be a psychologist of lovebut the slight interlocking of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into two distinct parts.11 Which of the following is the best title for the text?（A）Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardys Ambiguous Triumph（B） The Real
40、and the Strange: The Novelists Shifting Realms（C） Energy Versus Repose: The Role of Ordinary People in Hardys Fiction（D）Hardys Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of Control12 According to the text, which of the following is true about literary realism?（A）Literary realism is most concerned with the exp
41、loration of the internal life of ordinary human beings.（B） The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to more than a single definition.（C） Literary realism and an interest in psychology are likely to be at odds in a novelists work.（D）Literary realism is the term most often used by critics in describ
42、ing the method of Hardys novels.13 The author of the text considers a writers style to be_.（A）a reliable means by which to measure the writers literary merit（B） most apparent in those parts of the writers work that are not realistic（C） problematic when the writer attempts to follow perilous or risky
43、 impulses（D）shaped primarily by the writers desire to classify and schematize14 Which of the following can best be the authors attitude towards the works of Thomas Hardy?（A）Totally positive.（B） Objective and critical.（C） Totally negative.（D）Highly critical.15 Which of the following about Under the G
44、reenwood Tree does the author imply in relation to Hardys other novels?（A）It is Hardys most thorough investigation of the psychology of love.（B） Although it is his most controlled novel, it does not exhibit any harsh or risky impulses.（C） It, more than his other novels, reveals Hardy as a realist in
45、terested in the history of ordinary human beings.（D）In it Hardys novelistic impulses are managed somewhat better than in his other novels.15 Its hard to believe that Dr. Judah Folkman, the pioneering cancer researcher who succumbed to a heart attack on Monday at the age of 74, couldnt ward off death
46、. The man whose mind pulsed with questions, ideas and the arcane details of human biology had survived the most brutal of battles long ago: scientific skepticism. When he first proposed his radical theory of angiogenesis in the 1970sthat cancer tumors grow by recruiting blood vessels for nourishment
47、he was derided by fellow scientists.Folkman remembered hearing researchers “laughing in the corner“ or excusing themselves to go to the bathroom when he got up to speak at scientific meetings. Decades later, in May 1998, a hyperbolic James Watson told the New York Times, “Judah is going to cure canc
48、er in two years. “ Not so. But angiogenesis spawned an entire field of research, led to more than 10 new cancer drugs now on the market (with dozens more in clinical trials), and inspired young researchers to investigate bold new avenues in cancer research.Moses Judah Folkman didnt seek the limeligh
49、t. The son of a rabbi, he spent a lifetime trying to answer the prayers of his patients. He was a healer, a visionary, a compassionate man with a probing intellect and a grandfatherly spirit. During my first interview with him in the midst of the 1998 media glare, Folkman offered me cookies, spent hours poring over the science,then walked me out the front door of Childrens Hospital in Boston in his white lab coat to be sure Id get home safely in a cab.This as
