1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 43 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Chest Compressions: Most Important of CPRCardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped. The condition is ca
2、lled cardiac arrest. The heart stops pumping blood, The Person stops breathing. Without lifesaving. measures, the brain, starts to die within four to six minutes. CPR combines breathing into the victims mouth and repeated presses on the chest. 41However, a new Japanese study questions the usefulness
3、 of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine, The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the research. It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. In all the cases, witnesses saw the event happen.More than one thousand of the victims rec
4、eived some kind of medical assistance from witnesses. Seven hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only. 42 The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patients survival. But, they said those people treated with only chest presses suffere
5、d less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability. 43The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR. chest presses in 2005. 44 Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study
6、. Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again. He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives. 45_Cardiac
7、arrest kills more than 300, 000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.A. So far, we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.B. Only ten perc
8、ent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.C. CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.D. His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease.E. It said people should incr
9、ease the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.F. No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.5 Why Do People Shrink?Did you ever see the movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids? Its about wacky dad (whos also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with hi
10、s homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! 41 For older people, shrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only an inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less). And this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed, although th
11、ere are things that can be done to stop it or slow it sown. 42There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and lat form their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) takes hold, and the bones in the spine, c
12、alled vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. 43 But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enoug
13、h new bone material is made. 44 Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older peopleespecially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin withare more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis sh
14、rinks a little bit.Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act, too? You arent as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. Thats because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Dont worry
15、, though. 45A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little high and become shorter.B. Once you get a good nights rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, youre standing tall again!C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because its not being replaced.D. Luckily, the
16、re are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.F. But why does shrinking happen at all?10 Reinventing the TableAn earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table to make
17、 chemistry simpler to teach to students.41 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic
18、table to earth students, “ he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 42 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elem
19、ents“, says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge. 4344 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots one-for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea slat, for instance.He has also included symbols to show
20、which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 45A. There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B. Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C. “I imagine this would be good for u
21、ndergraduates.“D. Raisback has listed some elements more than once.E. And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust.F. The traditional periodic table was well drawn.15 Research Shows Walking Can Lift DepressionNew research by German scientists shows that author
22、 Charles Dickens was onto a good thing when he took long, brisk walks to relieve periodic bouts of depression. The author of Oliver Twist and David Copperfield would walk for hours in the 1860s as an antidote to intense feelings of sadness which alternated with restless euphoriaadvice41Aerobic exerc
23、ise like rapid walking can be more effective at lifting depression that drugs, reported the scientists led by Dr Fernando Dimeo. Studying 12 people with severe depression that to bring any substantial provement. The team devised an exercise regime for the group that involved walking on a treadmill f
24、or 30 minutes every day. Intense activity lasting three minutes was alternated 42 The intensity of the training programme was stepped up_43_. A measurement of depression severity was taken at the start and the end of the programme, and patients were asked to rate their own mood regularly over a 10-d
25、ay period. The researchers in Berlin found that after 10 days of the course six patients felt “substantially less depressed“. The number included five 44 Two were slightly less depressed, while four others remained unchanged. Depression levels overall fell by a third5 and on the self-assessed scores
26、 by 25 per cent, said the researchers whose findings appeared in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.The study was small but the extent of the improvement was said by scientists to be impressive. The outcome indicated a clinical benefit 45 , they said.Nineteenth century doctors would have called
27、Dickenss condition melancholia since the psychological condition of depression was unknown. Dickens biographer Peter Ackroyd says the authors son Charles remembers his fathers “heavy moods of deep depression“ and many times of “intense nervous irritability“, something modern psychologists would cert
28、ainly recognize.A. who had not found any relief using drug treatmentB. with the same benefits as those produced by the drug treatmentC. with walking at half speed for three minutesD. which could not be obtained with pharmacological treatment currently availableE. that experts from the Free Universit
29、y in Berlin are giving todayF. as the heart rate adapted20 U. S. , European Drug Officials Approve Inhaled InsulinA form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera. The United States Food and Drug Administration
30、 and the European Commission both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections, of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped s
31、moking for less than six months should not take Exubera. 41Three drug companies-Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics-developed the inhaled insulin. 42 Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day.Insul
32、in is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet, It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen
33、twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin._43Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two f
34、orms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. 44 Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also, important. Type One diabetes ofte
35、n begins in childhood. 45Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two Would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.A. With this type the body is unable to produce insulin.B. Pfizer
36、recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.C. The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes.D. It is common in people who are overweight and not active.E. Some patients with lung disease should not take it either.F. People are advised to have their lungs e
37、xamined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 43 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本空白处的前一句是介绍 CPR 是什么，而六个选项中，C 项也是介绍 CPR 的，因此放在一起是恰当的。【知识模块】 阅读2 【
38、正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本空白处的前一句说“439 位病人仅仅接受了胸腔按压”，而第一段说过，“CPR 包括胸部按压和口对口呼吸”，可见 F 项说“没做口对口呼吸的急救措施”是补充说明前一句的。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本空白处的前面两句说到只用胸部按压抢救过来的人大脑受损比较小，存活下来的人中有 22大脑功能良好，接下来这一句肯定是要与传统的两种方法结合的抢救模式作对比，选项 B 正好是这样的内容。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本空白处的前一句是说美国心脏协会于 2005 年修改了 CPR 中胸部按压的指导准则，空白处的后面又没有提到如何修
39、改，选项 E 正好填补了这个内容。而且还要注意，选项 E 中的 It said 只能适用于 American Heart Association。其他空白处均不合适。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 这一段都是叙述心脏疾病医生 Gordon Ewy 的观点，在其他地方都没有提到他，选项 D 实际上已经为我们提供了答题的线索，内容也能前后衔接。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 文章一开头讲到，在亲爱的，我把孩子们缩小了这部电影中。一位古怪的父亲不小心把自己的孩子们给缩小了，接下来的句子还应该与这部电影有关。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】
40、F【试题解析】 从第三段的第一句话可以判断，此处应为询问原因的问句。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 前一句讲，脊椎骨有可能退化并挤压在一起，接下来应选表明这种行为结果的句子。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 前一句讲到，当太多松软的骨组织坏掉并且没有足够的新的骨组织生成时，骨质疏松就发生了。接下来应首选表明这种现象结果的句子。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 此段讲的是：一个人到了晚上的时候就不如他在早起的时候高，但他不必为此着急。接下来应首选表明不必着急原因的句子。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】
41、 文章是讲重新设计元素周期表。第一段讲了一位地球科学家已经调整元素周期表，使得教学生化学时更容易些。接着是第二段。第一句是空白，需要填人。接下来的一句话是这么说的：佐治亚大学的 Bruce Railsback 说他是第一个创造出这样一个表的人，他突破了传统，显示了每个元素的离子而不只是元素本身。A 的意思是：自从 1871 年门捷列夫画出元素周期表以来，许多人试图重新设计周期表。“第一个”这个信息很重要。按照从一般到具体的行文规律，前一句话应当是一般性的描述。A 符合这个条件。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第三段的第一句话是这么说的：“在给学生解释元素周期表时我的手臂都
42、要断了，”他这么说时在空中来回交叉双手，指点传统周期表中不同的元素。这一句话是讲 Bruce Railsback 重新制作元素周期表的原因。从主题发展来看，这句话似乎跟上文连不上，但这是一篇报道，插入了一些背景信息和其他人的评论。从第二段的最后一句话来看，B 比较合适因为都是讲元素。B 说的是：Railsback 仍然按照元素所有的质子数排列元素。注意：D 也是讲元素。但是 B 中有 still(仍然)这个词，它是衔接第二段的最后一句话的。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第四段是剑桥大学的 Albert Galy 对 Bruce Railsback 重新创造的元素周期表的
43、评论。评论常常用原话。引号表明 C 是原话。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第五段需填入主题句。主题句常常是概括性的。从第五段提供的信息来看，sulphur( 硫黄) 这个元素在三个地方出现，因此 D 是正确的。D 说的是：有些元素 Railsback 列了一次以上。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 第六段的第一句讲到了符号。E 也是讲符号，其他的选项都没有讲，因此应选 E。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 第一段说到了狄更斯找到了一种方法，即通过散步几小时来缓解悲伤与亢奋交替的紧张情绪。文章的第一段通常都是点明主
44、题，而 E 项正是文章题目所要具体阐述的内容，故是最佳选项。【知识模块】 阅读17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第二段第一句说，科学家们报告，像快走这样的有氧运动在消除抑郁情绪方面比药物更有效。显然下面需要具体说明这个结论的证据。C 的 They studied 理所当然地应该指这些科学家。空白处的后一句 The team 还是指这些人。故用 C 来连接上下文是最恰当的。【知识模块】 阅读18 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 空白处的前一句说，这些科学家为病人制订了一个锻炼计划，选项F 一开始就说“根据这个计划”，可见后句与前句之间具有衔接关系，故它是最佳选项。【知识模块】 阅读19 【正确答
45、案】 A【试题解析】 空白处的前一句说有六位病人感到抑郁程度明显减轻；空白处的后一句说有两位稍微减轻。四位无变化。A 说此人数包括五位以前使用药物而病情没有任何缓解的病人，故将它放在此处是最恰当。【知识模块】 阅读20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 空白处的前一句说这次研究(的范围)虽小，但(病人病情)改善的程度却给人很深的印象，此段实际上是对研究作总结。D 也是一句总结性的话：“研究结果表明，它对临床是有益处的，而这却是现有的药物治疗所达不到的”，故把它放在此处也是最恰当的。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读21 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 此空白处的前一句说，“抽烟的人和戒烟不足六个月
46、的人不能使用Exubera”，而选项 E 说，“一些患有肺部疾病的病人也不能用”，这里 either 实际上起到提示作用，使前后句紧密衔接。【知识模块】 阅读22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 此空白处的前一句说到，“三家制药公司研发了这种吸入型的胰岛素”，那么怎么销售呢?选项 B，“Pfizer 公司最近买到全球的销售权”填到这里是再恰当不过的了。【知识模块】 阅读23 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本空白处的前一句说到，“有些患者在使用吸人型胰岛素时有轻度咳嗽”，那根据推理自然要叫这种病人去做肺部检查，选项 F 正是这方面的内容，而且肺部检查只有与咳嗽才能联系在一起，无法将其填入其他空白处
47、。【知识模块】 阅读24 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本段解释两种类型的糖尿病。“型糖尿病患者的身体无法制造足够的胰岛素或者无法有效利用身体所产生的胰岛素”，而前面已经说到，身体就是利用胰岛素来将食物转化成能量的，所以根据推理，“肥胖并不活动的人”一定易患型糖尿病。【知识模块】 阅读25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 空白处的前一句说，“I 型糖尿病常常在儿童时期就开始 ”，即使没有医学常识的人也应该从前面介绍型糖尿病中找到本空白处的答案，因为前面说到。“型糖尿病患者的身体无法制造足够的胰岛素或者无法有效利用身体所产生的胰岛素”，可见型糖尿病患者的身体多少还是能够制造胰岛素的，相比之下，I 型糖尿病患者的身体一定“不能制造胰岛素”了。【知识模块】 阅读
