1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 459 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “S
2、ometime in the future,“ the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaperprinting presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; it s excessive at a time
3、when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to el
4、iminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,“ he said, “but if
5、 you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.“Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,“ he said. The more turned out to be for
6、esighted. And if Peretti were in change at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,“ he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.“The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the qual
7、ity of something they believe in. “So if you re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,“ Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.“ In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people
8、who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $ 500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy bu
9、siness,“ Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.“1 The New York Times is considering ending its print
10、edition partly due to（A）the high cost of operation.（B） the pressure from its investors.（C） the complaints from its readers.（D）the increasing online ad sales.2 Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should（A）seek new sources of readership.（B） end the print edition for good
11、.（C） aim for efficient management.（D）make strategic adjustments.3 It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product“（A）helps restore the glory of former times.（B） is meant for the most loyal customers.（C） will have the lost of printing reduced.（D）expands the popularity of the paper.4
12、 Peretti believes that, in a changing world,（A）legacy businesses are becoming outdated.（B） cautiousness facilitates problems-solving.（C） aggressiveness better meets challenges.（D）traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.5 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）Shift to Online
13、Newspapers All at Once（B） Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand（C） Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good（D）Keep Your Newspaper Forever in Fashion5 In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and
14、 its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow.A small number of resta
15、urants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for server
16、s into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter.The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expecte
17、d to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “its not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent th
18、at the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers.The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair
19、for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry.Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview i
20、n 2013 that he had e-liminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem.While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City an
21、d one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but it s our system. It s an American system.“6 According to the first paragraph,what would happen in New York City?（A）1,800
22、employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.（B） Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.（C） All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.（D）There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, ins
23、ide the Museum of Modern Art.7 By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will（A）reduce tips.（B） decrease prices.（C） explain that prices include “hospitality“.（D）provide blank lines for tips on checks.8 Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first rest
24、aurant to eliminate tipping?（A）Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.（B） Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.（C） The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.（D）Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.9 It is be
25、lieved that customer service workers may NOT receive tips based on（A）their service.（B） the weather.（C） race and age.（D）their customer s moods.10 The author s attitude towards tips elimination seems to be（A）favorable.（B） skeptical.（C） uncertain.（D）objective.10 Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi me
26、diafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technolog
27、y, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and i
28、ndustrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control o
29、n global marketswith destructive impact on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures“ are traded on computer screens, de
30、veloping countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselvesso-called “development communications“ modernization. Yet this leads to l
31、ong-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and impo
32、rted products and services must therefore be bought on creditcredit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites
33、, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.11 From the passage, we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of（A）the rich countries.（B） scientific development.（C） the el
34、ite.（D）the world economy.12 It can be inferred from the passage that（A）international trade should be expanded.（B） the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration.（C） the exports of the poor countries should be increased.（D）communications technology in the developing coun
35、tries should be modernized.13 Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?（A）Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.（B） Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.（C） Because it
36、violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.（D）Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.14 The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（A）hinder their industrial production.（B） cause them to lose control of their trade.（C） force
37、them to reduce their share of exports.（D）cost them their economic independence.15 The author s attitude toward the communications revolution is（A）positive.（B） critical.（C） indifferent.（D）tolerant.15 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years a
38、go this month that America s Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity.Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their eff
39、ect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even d
40、eadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether.New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit o
41、f vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion in 2013.At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY.
42、 But tobacco companies have bigger war chests, more knowledge of smokers habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of Americas
43、 cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1% kept them up.And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and co
44、nvince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure.Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model weve seen in the
45、 past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.16 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States（A）was of sufficient importan
46、ce.（B） was put forward by America s Surgeon General.（C） began to go downhill.（D）used to be an honorable activity.17 According to the passage, e-cigarettes（A）supply smokers with nicotine more safely.（B） help the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion times.（C） are mastered by all tobacco f
47、irms as a new technology.（D）have lured smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups.18 The phases “war chests“(Para. 5)most probably means（A）space.（B） funds.（C） networks.（D）competitors.19 The smokers attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is（A）pessimistic.（B） uncertain.（C） optimistic.（D）
48、doubtful.20 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The potency of tobacco s advertising bans.（B） The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the U.S（C） The current situation and challenge of big tobacco firms.（D）The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 459 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read t
49、he following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干关键词 The New York Times 和 print edition 定位到第一、二段。首段首 句即是此内容的同义表达。第二段解释具体原因，根据第二段第二句“如今纸质印刷所需要的 设施印刷机和运送卡车不仅仅十分昂贵；在一个只做线上内容的竞争对手们不存在同 样一系列财务约束的年代，这一结构的代价过高”可知，A 项“运作的高成本”恰恰是对这个原因 的正确表述，故A 项为正确答案。B 项“来自投资者的压力”、C 项“来自读者的抱怨”和 D 项“越 来越多的网络广告费用”均不符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词 Peretti，present situation，the Times 定位到第四段，根据首句“他还表 示，纽约时报不应该在退出纸质报纸的问题上浪费时间，除非能够以正确的方式处理此事”可 知他建议纽约时报找到一种正确的方法去解决这件事。接着两
