1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 475 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone“ that lists where you went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functio
2、nal“ resumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.Its handy to have a “tombstone“ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested“tombstone“ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.What follows
3、 are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.(1)Put yourself first:In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.(2)Sell what you can do, not who you are:Practi
4、ce translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.Toot your own horn!Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does
5、, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punchif only you show it.(3)Be specific, be concrete, and be brief. Remember that “brevity is the best policy.“(4)Turn bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the posit
6、ive side.(5)Never apologize:If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Dont apologize for working at being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or
7、higher education, just dont mention education.How to prepare yourself: The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you fe
8、el effective. Dont worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget man
9、agement skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before youve ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a
10、 reaction. When youve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.Isn t that the kind of person you d want working for you?AA woman who lost her job as a teachers aide due to a c
11、utback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.“BOne resume I received included the following: “invited by my superior to straighten out our organization s accounts receivable. Set up order
12、ly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.“ Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her rewardall in 34 words.CFor example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and
13、 investing money, you have money management skills.DAn acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated“.EOne of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which wa
14、s more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.FA woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I
15、 asked why that marvelous story wasnt in her resume. She answered, “It wasnt important.“ What she was really saying of course was “Im not important.“5 The planets seemed like pretty small places. At the same time, Earth seemed a lot larger than it does now. No one had ever seen our planet as a plane
16、t: a blue marble on black velvet, coated with water and air. No one knew that the moon was born in an impact. No one fully appreciated that humanity was becoming a geologic force in its own right, capable of changing the environment on a global scale. Whatever else the Space Age has done, it has enr
17、iched our view of the natural world and given us a perspective.National Research Council(NRC)panels periodically ask whether the world s planetary exploration programs are on track. The list of goals that follows synthesizes their priorities.1. Monitor Earths ClimateThe venerable Landsat series, whi
18、ch has monitored the surface since 1972, has been on the fritz for years, and the U. S. has Department of Agriculture has already had to buy data from Indian satellites to monitor crop productivity. For some types of data, no other nation can fill in.2. Prepare an Asteroid DefenseLike climate monito
19、ring, guarding the planet from asteroids always seems to fall between the cracks. Neither NASA nor the European Space Agency(ESA)has a mandate to stave off human extinction. It would take 15 years or longer to mount a defense against an incoming body, assuming that the technology were ready to go.3.
20、 Seek Out New LifeBefore Spotnik, scientists thought the solar system might be a veritable Garden of Eden. Earth s sister worlds proved to be hellish, even when the Mariner probes revealed a cratered moonscape and the Viking landers failed to find even a single organic molecule. But lately the plaus
21、ible venues for life have multiplied.4. Explain the Genesis of the PlanetsStudies of the origin of the planets overlap quite a bit with studies of the origins of life. Jakosky puts it thus: “Venus sits at the inner edge of the habitable zone. Mars sits at the outer edge. Earth sits in the middle. An
22、d understanding the differences between those planets is central to asking about life beyond our solar system.“5. Break Out of the Solar SystemA solar sail 200 meters across could carry a 500-kilogram spacecraft. After launch from Earth, it would first swoop toward the sun, going as it daredjust ins
23、ide Mercury s orbitto get flung out by the intense sunlight.“Such a mission, be it ESA-or NASA-led, is the next logical step in our exploration of space,“ Wim mer-Schweingruber says. “After all, there is more to space than exploring our very, very local neighborhood.“ The estimated price tag is abou
24、t $2 billion including three decades operating expenses.ALike the origin of life, the origin of the planets was a complex, multistage process. Jupiter was the first-born. Did it build up slowly, like the other planets? Did it form farther from the sun and move inward?BLike a windsurfer, the spacecra
25、ft would steer by leaning to one side or the other. Just before passing Jupiters orbit, it would cast off the sail and glide outward. To get ready, engineers need to design a sufficiently lightweight sail and test it on first.CSo NRC prepares to take some action plans. Extend asteroid search to smal
26、ler bodies, perhaps using a dedicated infrared space telescope. Deflect an asteroid in a controlled way as a trial run. Develop an official system for evaluating potential threats.DThe NRC panel called for restoring the lost funding, which pay for 17 new missions over the coming decade, such as ones
27、 to keep tabs on ice sheets and carbon dioxide levelsessential for predicting climate change and its effects. People sometimes take the mundane yet urgent task of looking after our own planet for granted.EMars is looking hopeful again. Outer-planet moons, notably Europa and Enceladus, appear to have
28、 vast underground seas and plenty of lifes raw materials. Even Venus might have been covered in oceans once. The research is not just about finding companionship in the cosmos. It is about divining our own origins.FThis past spring ESA completed a set of feasibility studiesand promptly shelved them
29、for lack of money. It would take a joint effort with NASA or the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA), or both, to make the plan happen.10 ASet a Good Example for Your KidsBBuild Your Kids Work SkillsCPlace Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesDTalk about the Future on a Regular BasisEHelp Kids Deve
30、lop Coping StrategiesFHelp Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreGBuild Your Kids Sense of ResponsibilityMothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult s need for rapid content, the
31、transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life uneasiness“.【C1 】_You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.
32、 Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.【C2 】_Kids
33、 need a range of authentic role modelsas opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ide
34、as about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.“ They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.【C3 】_Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be re
35、sponsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and settin
36、g priorities.【C4 】_Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay in
37、side their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.【C5 】_They should know how to deal with setback
38、s, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daught
39、er who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever cu
40、rrently interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill conceived as it may seem)while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】考研英语（阅
41、读）模拟试卷 475 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 此处小标题为“Put yourself first( 首先要重视自己 )”。下面的句子进行了解释：为了写一份 他人都有兴致阅读的简历，你必须要重视自己。作者举例说明这一点，可能从正面角度，也可能 从反面角度。F 就是从反面说明了第一个观点。作者通过例子说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不 值一提，瞧不起自己的人，别人又怎么会重视呢?【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 此处小标题为“Sell what you can do，not who you are( 推销你能
42、做什么，而不是你是谁)”。 下面的文字进一步说明：试着将你的个性特质、性格、成果和成就融入进技能领域，在职场中至 少有 5 000 种技能领域。言外之意就是，你总能找出一种自己擅长的技能。文后的例子中只有 C 项最贴切：例如，你有一种储蓄、管理和投资的天赋，那么你就拥有理财的技能。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 此处小标题为“Be specific ，be concrete，and brief!(明确、具体、简洁!)”。下文接着说：简洁 就是王道。B 项用一个成功的例子说明了这点，一位女士仅用了 34 个词就呈现了她获得的成果 与奖励。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 A
43、【试题解析】 此处小标题为“Turn bad news into good(将坏消息变成好消息)”。这不是要让人颠倒黑白， 下面解释道：每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意之处。如果要提到这些事，那么要从积极、正面的 角度去看。A 项就是一个正面的例子。一个女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇。这似乎不大光 彩，但是这位女士谈起此事时却用了另一个角度，“校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个 重聘的就是我”，字里行间洋溢着自信。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 此处小标题为“Never apologize( 永远不要道歉)”。下面的文字举例说明道：要扬长避短。 每个人都有短处，没有必要为
44、自己的短处羞愧。求职就是要让雇主看到自己的闪光点，个人简历 不是进行道歉的地方。D 项以一个失败的例子说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友说他求职时遭到 了歧视，因为他的简历中写了“好学，但教育程度不高”。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本文介绍了 NRC 的五个工作目标。第一个是 Monitor Earths Climate(监测地球气候 )。通 过阅读小标题下面的文字，可知目前用于监测地球气候的卫星已经超负荷运作了，而且还有些 数据无法从 Landsat 获取。这是一个亟待解决的问题。D 项讲述了 NRC 的想法恢复资金制 度，开展更多的监测项目。这从语义逻辑
45、上很好地衔接了上文，故为本题的正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 NRC 的第二个目标是 Prepare an Asteroid Defense(筹建小行星防卫系统)，但目前的情况 却与监测地球气候的情况类似。可见，这个目标实施起来困难重重。如何解决这个问题呢?浏览 所有选项，发现 C 项提到了 NRC 所采取的三项措施，以便在无法建立防卫系统的情况下尽可能 地保护人类的生命安全。所以C 项为本题的正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段的主题是 Seek Out New Life(寻找新的生命)。最初人们认为只有太阳系才有生命，但 是后来发
46、现很多星球似乎都可能有生命存在。接下来肯定是对这一句话的解释或者举例说明。E 项提到了 Mars，Venus 等具体实例，对上文起到了承接的作用，而且该选项最后一句中的 finding companionship in the cosmos(在宇宙中寻找同类)与小标题属于语义场同现，所以 E 项为本题的 正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段的主题是 Explain the Genesis of the Planets(解释行星的起源)。作者首先谈到了宜居 带和人类起源的问题。由于小标题是关于行星起源的，那么接下来的内容肯定与行星起源有关。 A 项涉及这方面的内容，
47、以木星为例描述了人类对于木星起源的困惑。而且 Like the origin of life，the origin of the planets was a complex，multistage process 与前文 Studies of the origin of the planets overlap quite a bit with studies of the origins of life 观点相似，进一步验证了 A 项为本题的 正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段主题是 Break Out of the Solar System(脱离太阳系)。小标
48、题下面的文字详细描述了在 太阳系飞行的过程。但是对于接下来要讲什么内容并没有清晰的线索。浏览备选项，寻找可能与 之有关的词语，可发现 B 项中的spacecraft，sail，orbit 等词，均与太空飞行有关。结合其前面的内 容正好完整地叙述了太空船飞行的过程。所以 B 项为本题的正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本题所在的段落共有三句话。第一句告诉我们对象的年龄是 11 岁或 12 岁；第二句是说要 定期的帮助孩子反思自己的优缺点，扬长避短；第三句是补充说明，帮孩子找出他们的兴趣点。 也就是说家长们应当帮助孩子认识自我，从而让孩子在未来职业选
49、择中扬长避短。因此 F 项 “帮 助孩子了解自己”为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题所在的段落共有五句话。第一句是说孩子需要大量真实的人物模范；第二、三、四句 是说要经常跟孩子讨论未来并积极鼓励他们：最后一句话是说对未来的清晰认识更有益于他们 的成长和发展。所以很明显本段在讨论经常讨论未来，才更有益孩子发展。因此 D 项“定期谈论 关于未来的话题”为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题共有四句话。第一句是说老师和家长有责任教孩子学习和工作；第二、三、四句是说孩 子需要做家庭作业、做兼职、大量练习组织管理等技能。所以本题的核心思想是帮助孩子形成工 作技能。因此 B 项“增强孩子的工作技能”为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题所在段落共有四句话。前三句话是说玩视频游戏、看电视、耳机听单调音乐不仅浪费 大量时间，而且对孩子无益。最后一句是说上面这些活动阻碍了孩子交际和思考能力的发育，同 时影响着孩子的注意力。所以作者想要表达的是休闲时间应该有所限制，而不应陔沉溺、放纵其
