1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 487 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 ABreaking all constraintsBTimeline to executionCThe purpose of the decisionDKnown unknowns and unknown unknownsEWrong is never permanentFResource accessibilityGPlaying to self-interestLeadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awarene
2、ss of the problem set, and a willingness to “move the needle“ when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and profound impacts.Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision: 【R1 】_In the mil
3、itary, there was(and still is)a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organiz
4、ational chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and thats not what a team or an organization is about.【R2 】_Well, “never“ is a strong word, but you get the idea. Ive said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular pro
5、blem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation.【R3 】_There are internal an
6、d external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control o
7、ver, such as weather, the economy or market demand.You want to ask yourself two questions. First, “Is now the right time to decide?“ If the answer is yes, then your next question is, “Am I capable of executing the decision?“ If the answer is no then ask “why?“【R4 】_These are the constraints surround
8、ing the execution of your decisions.A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but cant quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, youre aware that rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A
9、to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but dont know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can t plan for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown.Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to ali
10、gn them towards the purpose of your decision.【R5 】_If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identity not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have
11、a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete.Decision-making can paralyze you if youre not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.1 【R1 】2 【R2 】3 【R3
12、】4 【R4 】5 【R5 】5 AThink about how your attitude change will affect your lifeBLook for a role modelCBe clear about your traitsDIdentify and understand what you want to changeEBelieve that you are able to changeFGet rid of the pessimistic friendsGChoose the right company“Our attitude toward life deter
13、mines lifes attitude towards us.“ Weve all heard about the power of our attitude, and that its our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life.If you look around you, you will see that people with a positive attitude enjoy life more and are generally happier and more successful than those w
14、ho walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our livesit can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise.All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think
15、that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change. Let me share with you how I did it.【R1 】_The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. Setting clear goal
16、s is the key to success in any endeavor. When it comes to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed.【R2 】_We all need to know that what were trying to accomplish can in fact
17、 be achieved: that we can be more optimistic, more social or more patient. Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.【R3 】_To
18、be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life. Will changing your attitude mean a happier family or social life? Will a change in your attitude mean a more succ
19、essful career or business? Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal.【R4 】_As they say, “Bad company corrupts good character.“ You don t expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourse
20、lf with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. You will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends.【R5 】_Often, the gre
21、atest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do. If you dont believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just wont happenyou will either never start, or give up quickly so you wont have even given yourself the opportuni
22、ty to succeed.It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important for living a successful and satisfying life, so it is only right to strive to have a positive attitude.6 【R1 】7 【R2 】8 【R3 】9 【R4 】10 【R5 】10 AUse commute timeBMake conversations about your artwork a priorityCRead before yo
23、u fall asleepDCarry a notepad and pen aboutETake notes whenever ideas comeFTalk about yourself as much as possibleGDon t underestimate thinking timeMost of us will have days or weeks when we cant make as much stuff as we d like. Things get busy, we have jobs, families and lives which means occasiona
24、lly youll be out of time to sit down and make art. There are some simple tips you can try to maximize the thinking and considering time that can help fuel your creative work.【R1 】_This is a classic subconscious-employing trick, used a lot for when you really need to study and remember material. If y
25、ou want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep. Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you process just before going into rapid eye movement(REM)sleep. If youre reading a book on creativity you really want to d
26、igest, this is a great strategy to help stimulate your own creative process.【R2 】_Take notes. Lots of notes. No matter what time of day(or night). Give keeping a notepad and pen beside your bed, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. Some strategies you could try are making lists of future
27、or potential artwork. Taking notes can be valuable in their offhanded, indiscriminate formatsometimes theyre not important or playful, and sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold.【R3 】_Get rid of the guilt around talking about yourself too much. It can really help to regularly make the effort to sp
28、eak about what you ve been working on. There s a learning curve that comes out of forcing yourself to name things. Set up catch-ups or phone calls with other artists to check in with each other regarding your work. Hopefully these conversations can happen with family and friends or co-workers, and c
29、an be used as an artistic compass to check you are on course, on the whole, with making work.【R4 】_Use the time youre driving, on the train, or commuting to and from work to your advantage. Read, listen, think, make lists, or mentally check off your progress. I know artists who use commute time to m
30、editate and reflect on themselves, which is another interesting strategy to try. Using commute time means that when you do sit down to create work, you ve often done the heavy thinking and are ready to dive into the practical, hands-on work.【R5 】_When youre not making artwork, make time to simply th
31、ink. It seems like many artworks are made after months(or even years)of living inside your own head. Whether you re at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this time to think hard about your artwork can pay off greatly. You can often surprise yourself with how much progress you can make if
32、 you clock the thinking hours. Realizing that this was a thing that was one of the most helpful and insightful lessons I learned as an artist. Thinking time is time well spent.11 【R1 】12 【R2 】13 【R3 】14 【R4 】15 【R5 】15 AListen more than you talkBTell white lies when necessaryCBe honest about what yo
33、u can revealDDon t discount the little guysEChoose the customer with the same valuesFDo your researchGStay true to your valuesSuccessful businesses are built on strong relationships. Business leaders often need to step into the shoes of a diplomat, developing and managing complex relationships with
34、many diverse groups.“There is a lot of common ground between diplomacy and business, “ says Carey Cavanaugh, a professor of diplomacy at the University of Kentucky and a former U.S. ambassador stationed all over the world for over two decades under both the Clinton and Bush administrations. “Entrepr
35、eneurs can draw from the diplomatic tool box to be more effective, “ he says.Try these tips from a seasoned diplomat s toolbox to help you build solid business relationships that last.【R1 】_Diplomats are known as “people who lie for their countries, “ and corporations are often seen as equally decei
36、tful. But in both cases, telling the truth is essential for success. Truth builds a solid reputation. Its the key to establishing long-term relationships that you can rely on in a crunch.When secrecy is essential, with an upcoming product launch or a private personnel issue, dont compromise honesty.
37、 You can keep secrets and still tell the truth. Just be honest about what you can and cannot say.【R2 】_Just as a diplomat would learn about a cultures customs before a visit, learn as much as you can before you try to connect with a customer, peer, or potential partner. Learn what they value, how th
38、ey behave, what their long-term interests are, and what they need or want.Use that knowledge to help you craft your message or product, address specific needs, and show that you understand their values.【R3 】_Diplomats and business people have a reputation for being pushy, but you best take time to l
39、isten. Half the job is about saying what you want or need, but the other half is listening, Its as important to listen as it is to speak.Listening makes the other party feel valued, helps you identify their needs, and allows you to respond more creatively. When you listen, you can often find solutio
40、ns that evade others, making you more likely to reach your goals.【R4 】_The relationships you re building today, even those that seem inconsequential, are worth attention and care. Relationships that dont seem important now will come back to you later, though you wont know when or how.A casual acquai
41、ntance may be the key to your next innovation, just as a tiny country may be the next major oil source for a diplomat. Build lasting relationships by treating others with integrity and giving your full attention when you re with them.【R5 】_In any negotiation or business decision, choose solutions th
42、at fit your values, even if theyre not the easiest or cheapest options. When you deviate from your values, there s a hard price to pay. It takes a long time to get a reputation back.Its easiest to lose your values when youre getting impatient or growing rapidly, so in those moments, remember what yo
43、u stand for. The more you act on consistent values, the stronger your business will be in the long run and the more your consumers will trust you.16 【R1 】17 【R2 】18 【R3 】19 【R4 】20 【R5 】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 487 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本段第一句出现了 upon which decisions are based，最后一句P
44、laying to self-interest serves little purpose，and thats not what a team or an organization is about由此推断出本段中心与 decision 和 purpose 有关，与此呼应的只有 C 项 The purpose ofthe decision(决策的目的)。干扰项为 G 项 Playing to self-interest(为利己主义服务)，原文说 Playing to self-interest serves little purpose，这恰恰是原文要杜绝的问题。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正
45、确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段开头 Well，“never”is a strong word, but you get me idea与此呼应的只有 E 项 Wrong is never permanent(错误绝非永恒不变)。本段主要讲要换个角度看问题。故 E 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段开头 There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a giventimeline后面又出现了 given time，deadli
46、ne等词，与此呼应的只有 B 项 Timeline to execution(执行的时间表)。 【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题后面的段落中出现了 A known unknown isUnknown unknowns are，与此呼应的是 D 项 Known unknowns and unknown unknowns(已知的未知和未知的未知)。干扰项为 A 项 Breaking all constraints(打破所有限制)。虽然下面紧接的段落有 constraints，但本题所在的第三段说 Try to identify all constraints，原文并没有
47、提到要 break all constraints，故不选。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本题所在的第一段提到了 The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it，后面又反复出现 primary resources，secondary ones，可见本段中心和资源有关，故 F 项 Resource accessibility(资源的可用性) 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题所在段落第一句为 The
48、 first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed(改变的第一步是清楚地了解什么需要改变。)这与 D 项中的 understand what you want to change 吻合。下文还提到 do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation 与 D 项中的 identify 相对应，因此 D 项Identify and understand what you want to change(确定并了解你想要改变的事)为正确答案。C 项 Be clear a
49、bout your traits 没有提到 change因此排除。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题所在段落提到 Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to haveto move beyond your temporary failures，可见强调的是榜样的激励作用，因此 B 项 Look for a rolemodel(寻找一个榜样角色 )为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题所在段落第一句的主干为 you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life(你需要清楚地知道这些假想的改变会给你的生活带来什么)下文
